Umjikelo waMandla wokuVeliswa koMbane woMbane

I-Hydropower bubuchwephesha benzululwazi obufunda imiba yobugcisa neyoqoqosho efana nolwakhiwo lobunjineli kunye nolawulo lwemveliso. Amandla amanzi asetyenziswa ekuveliseni umbane oqhutywa ngamanzi ubukhulu becala angamandla anokubakho agcinwe emanzini. Ukuze kuguqulwe amandla ombane abengumbane, iintlobo ngeentlobo zezikhululo zombane kufuneka zakhiwe.

1. Intshayelelo esisiseko: Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ombane owenziwe ngamanzi emilambo, amachibi, njl.njl. Abekwe kwindawo ephakamileyo kwaye anamandla anokubakho, aqukuqela ukuya kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ezisezantsi kunye nokuguqula amandla anokubakho aqulethwe kuwo abe ngamandla e-kinetic einjini yamanzi, ethi ke isetyenziswe njengamandla okuqhuba ijenereyitha ukuvelisa amandla ombane. Ukusebenzisa amandla ombane (ngentloko yamanzi) ukuqhuba ukujikeleza koomatshini be-hydraulic (i-injini yamanzi), ukuguqula amandla amanzi abe ngamandla omatshini. Ukuba olunye uhlobo loomatshini (ijenereyitha) luqhagamshelwe kwiinjini yamanzi, lunokuvelisa umbane njengoko i-injini yomoya ijikeleza, ize ke iguqule amandla oomatshini abe ngamandla ombane. Ngandlela ithile, amandla ombane yinkqubo yokuguqula amandla anokubakho emanzini abe ngamandla omatshini, emva koko abe ngamandla ombane. Ngenxa yombane ophantsi oveliswa zizityalo zombane, ukuba uza kuthunyelwa kubasebenzisi abakude, kufuneka unyuswe ngeenguqu, emva koko udluliselwe kwizitishi ezikwindawo ezigxininisiweyo zabasebenzisi ngeentambo zothumelo lomoya, ekugqibeleni zincitshiswe kumbane olungele abasebenzisi basekhaya kunye nezixhobo zombane zasefektri, emva koko zigqithiselwe kwiifektri ezahlukeneyo kunye nemizi ngemigca yokuhambisa. 2, Umgaqo osisiseko wokuveliswa kombane wamanzi kukusebenzisa ukuhla kwinqanaba lamanzi ukusebenzisana nejenereyitha yombane wokuvelisa umbane, oko kukuthi, ukuguqula amandla anokubakho emanzini abe ngamandla omatshini weinjini yomoya oqhutywa ngamanzi, kwaye emva koko usebenzise amandla oomatshini ukuqhuba ijenereyitha ukufumana amandla ombane. Iingcali zenzululwazi zisebenzise iimeko zendalo ngokufanelekileyo ezifana nobunjineli bokuhamba kunye ne-mechanical physics ngokusebenzisa inqanaba elihlayo lamanzi. Kwaye adityaniswa ngononophelo ukufikelela esona sizukulwana siphezulu samandla ukuze abantu basebenzise umbane ophantsi kunye nongangcolisekiyo. Amanqanaba amanzi aphantsi, kwelinye icala, afunxa ukukhanya kwelanga kwaye ajikeleze kuMhlaba ngolweSihlanu, ngaloo ndlela ebuyisela imithombo yamanzi ephezulu.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, umlinganiselo wamandla ombane oveliswa ngamanzi uyahluka ukusuka kumashumi aliqela eewatts asetyenziswa kwimimandla yasemaphandleni yeHlabathi Lesithathu ukuya kwizigidi ngezigidi zeewathi ezisetyenziselwa umbane kwizixeko ezikhulu. 3. Ezona ndidi ziphambili zihlelwa ngokokwehla okugxininisiweyo, kubandakanywa izikhululo zombane zohlobo lwamadama, izikhululo zombane zohlobo lwe-diversion, izikhululo zombane ezixutyiweyo, izikhululo zamandla ombane, kunye nezikhululo zombane ezimpontshwayo. Ngokusekwe kwinqanaba lolawulo lokubaleka kwamanzi, nokuba kukho izikhululo zombane ezilawulayo okanye hayi. Ngokobume bomthombo wamanzi, ngokuqhelekileyo kubhekiselwa kuwo njengesikhululo sombane esiqhelekileyo samanzi, esisebenzisa imilambo yendalo, amachibi, kunye neminye imithombo yamanzi ukuvelisa umbane. Izikhululo zombane we-Hydropower zinokwahlulwa zibe yintloko ephezulu (ngaphezu kweemitha ezingama-70), intloko ephakathi (i-15-70 yeemitha), kunye nentloko ephantsi (ngaphantsi kweemitha ezili-15) izikhululo zombane ngokusekelwe kwintloko yokusetyenziswa kwazo. Ngokomthamo ofakelweyo wezikhululo zombane wamanzi, zinokwahlulwa zibe zizikhululo zombane ezinkulu, eziphakathi, nezincinane. Ngokubanzi, izikhululo zombane ezincinci zamanzi ezinomthamo ofakelweyo ongaphantsi kwe-5000 kilowatts zibizwa ngokuba zizikhululo zombane ezincinci zamanzi, ezo ezinomthamo ofakelweyo phakathi kwe-5000 kunye ne-100000 yeekilowatts zibizwa ngokuba zizikhululo zamandla ombane aphakathi, kwaye ezo zinomthamo ofakiweyo ongaphezulu kwe-100000 yeekilowatts zibizwa ngokuba zizikhululo zombane omkhulu wamanzi okanye izikhululo zamandla amakhulu. 4, i-Advantage hydropower ngumthombo wamandla acocekileyo ongacimiyo nohlaziyekayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze kusetyenziswe amandla endalo ngokukuko, kuyimfuneko ukwakhiwa ngesandla kwezakhiwo ezisebenza ngoxinzelelo olukhulu olwenziwa ngamanzi aphantsi komhlaba ezinokujolisa ukuhla kwamanzi kunye nokulawula ukuhamba kwamanzi, okufana namadama, imibhobho yokuguqula, kunye neekholvethi. Ngoko ke, utyalo-mali lweprojekthi lukhulu kwaye umjikelo wokwakha ude. Kodwa ukuveliswa kwamandla ombane wamanzi kunokusebenza okuphezulu, ixabiso eliphantsi lokuvelisa amandla, ukuqaliswa kweyunithi ngokukhawuleza, kunye nohlengahlengiso olulula. Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwamanzi endalo, ichaphazeleka kakhulu kwiimeko zendalo. Amandla ombane ahlala eyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yosetyenziso olubanzi lobutyebi bamanzi, ukwenza inkqubo yokusetyenziswa kobutyebi bamanzi ebanzi kunye nokuhanjiswa kweenqanawa, i-aquaculture, unkcenkceshelo, ulawulo lwezandyondyo, ukhenketho, njl. njl. Ukongeza ekuboneleleni ngombane ongabizi mali ininzi, inazo ezi ngenelo zilandelayo: ukulawula izikhukula, ukunika amanzi okunkcenkceshela, ukuphucula indlela yokuhamba emilanjeni, nokuphucula ezothutho, umbane, kunye noqoqosho kulo mmandla, ngakumbi ukuphuhlisa ukhenketho kunye nezilwanyana zasemanzini.