Ushishino lombane, njengentsika yoshishino lwesizwe, lunxulumene ngokusondeleyo nophuhliso loqoqosho lwesizwe kunye notshintsho kubume bemizi-mveliso. Kungoku nje, ukusebenza ngokubanzi koshishino lombane waseTshayina kuzinzile, nokwanda komthamo wombane ofakwe emanzini, ukonyuka komthamo wokuvelisa umbane ngamanzi, ukonyuka kotyalo-mali lombane oveliswa ngamanzi, kunye nokucotha kwezinga lokukhula kobhaliso lwamashishini anxulumene nombane. Ngokuphunyezwa komgaqo-nkqubo wesizwe "wolondolozo lwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwamandla", ukutshintshwa kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo kuye kwaba lukhetho olusebenzayo e-China, kwaye umbane owenziwe ngamanzi uye waba yinto ekhethwayo kumandla ahlaziyekayo.
Ukuveliswa kwamandla ombane bubuchwephesha benzululwazi obuphonononga imiba yobuchwephesha neyoqoqosho yolwakhiwo lobunjineli kunye nokusebenza kwemveliso eguqula amandla amanzi abe ngumbane. Amandla amanzi asetyenziswa ekuveliseni umbane oqhutywa ngamanzi ikakhulu angamandla anokubakho agcinwe kwimithombo yamanzi. Ukuphumeza uguqulo lombane oveliswa ngamanzi abe ngumbane, iintlobo ngeentlobo zezikhululo zoveliso lombane kufuneka zakhiwe.
Ukuphunyezwa kombane oveliswa ngamanzi kuquka ukwakhiwa kwezikhululo zombane oveliswa ngamanzi, kunye nokusebenza kombane. Ishishini lamandla ombane aphakathi kwamanzi lidibanisa umbane kwishishini legridi yombane osezantsi ukuze kuphunyezwe uqhagamshelo lwegridi. Umsebenzi wolwakhiwo lwesikhululo soveliso lombane uquka iingcebiso zobunjineli bokuqala kunye nocwangciso, ukuthengwa kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zesikhululo soveliso lombane, kunye nokwakhiwa kokugqibela. Ukuqulunqwa kwemizi-mveliso ephakathi kunye nasezantsi kukodwa, kunye nesakhiwo esizinzileyo.
Ngokukhuthazwa kokukhula koqoqosho lwaseTshayina, uhlaziyo lwecala lobonelelo kunye nohlengahlengiso lwezoQoqosho, ugcino lwamandla, ukuncitshiswa kokungcoliswa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo kunye nokukhula kohlaza kube yimvumelwano yophuhliso loqoqosho. Ishishini lombane owenziwe ngamanzi lifumene ingqwalasela ephezulu koorhulumente kuwo onke amanqanaba kunye nenkxaso engundoqo evela kwimigaqo-nkqubo yemizi-mveliso yesizwe. Ilizwe liye lazisa ngokulandelelana imigaqo-nkqubo emininzi ukuxhasa uphuhliso loshishino lombane ophehlwa ngamanzi. Imigaqo-nkqubo yezoShishino efana neSicwangciso soPhumezo sokuSombulula iNgxaki yaManzi, umoya, kunye nokuLahla ukuKhanya, iSaziso sokuSekwa kunye nokuphucula indlela yokuSetyenziswa koMbane waMandla aVuselelwayo, kunye neSicwangciso sokuPhunyezwa seMicimbi kaRhulumente yowama-2021 Umsebenzi woPapasho woBuphathiswa beMithombo yaManzi ibonelele ngemekobume yemarike ebanzi yophuhliso lombane kunye nemveliso yamandla ombane.
Uhlalutyo olunzulu lweshishini lombane wamanzi
Ngokophando lwamashishini, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, umthamo ofakiweyo wombane owenziwe ngamanzi e-China unyuka unyaka nonyaka, ukusuka kwi-333 yezigidi zeekilowatts ngo-2016 ukuya kwi-370 yezigidi zeekilowatts ngo-2020, kunye nesantya sokukhula sonyaka esiyi-2.7%. Idatha yamva nje ibonisa ukuba ngo-2021, umthamo ofakiweyo wombane owenziwe ngamanzi e-China ufikelele malunga ne-391 yezigidi zeekilowatts (kubandakanywa ne-36 yezigidi zeekilowatts zokugcinwa okumpontshwa), ukunyuka kwe-5.6% ngonyaka.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, umthamo wobhaliso lwamashishini anxulumene nombane e-China ukhule ngokukhawuleza, ukusuka kwi-198000 ngo-2016 ukuya kuma-539000 ngo-2019, kunye nomndilili wokukhula komndilili wonyaka we-39.6%. Ngo-2020, izinga lokukhula kokubhaliswa kweshishini elinxulumene nombane wamanzi liye lacotha laze lehla. Idatha yamva nje ibonisa ukuba ngo-2021, bekukho i-483000 yamashishini anxulumene nombane obhalisiweyo obhalisiweyo e-China, ukwehla konyaka-ngonyaka kwe-7.3%.
Ukusukela ekusasazweni komthamo ofakelweyo, ukusuka ekupheleni kuka-2021, iphondo elinesona sikali sikhulu sombane ophehlwa ngamanzi e-China yayiliPhondo laseSichuan, elinomthamo ofakelweyo we-88.87 yezigidi zeekhilowathi, ilandelwa yiYunnan enomthamo ofakelweyo we-78.2 yezigidi zeekilowathi; Amaphondo akwindawo yesibini ukuya kweyeshumi yiHubei, iGuizhou, iGuangxi, iGuangdong, iHunan, iFujian, iZhejiang, neQinghai, ezinomthamo osusela kwi-10 ukuya kwi-40 yezigidi zeekilowatts.
Ngokwembono yokwenziwa kombane, ngo-2021, ummandla owona mandla uphezulu wokuvelisa umbane ophehlwa ngamanzi e-China yayiyi-Sichuan, kunye nokuveliswa kombane oqhutywa ngamanzi ozibhiliyoni ezingama-353.14 eekilowatt iiyure, ezibalelwa kuma-26.37%; Okwesibini, ukuveliswa kombane wamanzi kummandla waseYunnan yi-271.63 yeebhiliyoni zeeyure ze-kilowatt, kubalelwa kwi-20.29%; Kwakhona, ukuveliswa kombane wamanzi kummandla we-Hubei yi-153.15 yeebhiliyoni zee-kilowatt iiyure, kubalelwa kwi-11.44%.
Ngokwembono yomthamo ofakiweyo weshishini lombane wamanzi waseTshayina, iChangjiang Power lelona shishini likhulu ngokomthamo ofakelweyo wombane wamanzi. Ngo-2021, umthamo wombane ofakwe emanzini we-Changjiang Power waba ngaphezu kwe-11% yelizwe, kunye nomthamo opheleleyo ofakiweyo wamandla ombane phantsi kwamaqela amahlanu okuvelisa amandla athatha malunga nesinye kwisithathu selizwe; Ngokwembono yokwenziwa kombane ophehlwa ngamanzi, ngo-2021, umlinganiselo wokwenziwa kombane kuMlambo iYangtze udlule kwi-15%, kunye nokuveliswa kombane ophehlwa ngamanzi ngaphantsi kwamaqela amahlanu amakhulu okuvelisa amandla kubalelwa malunga nama-20% ewonke ewonke. Ngokwembono yomlinganiselo woxinaniso lwemalike, isimbuku samaqela amahlanu afakwe amandla ombane wamanzi aseTshayina kunye neYangtze River Power isondele kwisiqingatha sesabelo semarike; Uveliso lwamandla ombane olwenziwa ngamanzi luthatha ngaphezu kwe-30% yelizwe, kwaye ishishini linomlinganiselo ophezulu woxinaniso.
Ngokwe "2022-2027 China Hydroelectric Power Industry Uhlahlelo olunzulu kunye neNgxelo yeProspects yoPhuhliso" yiChina yoPhando lweZiko loShishino.
Umzi-mveliso waseTshayina wokuvelisa umbane wombane ulawulwa ikakhulu ngabalawulwa ngurhulumente. Ukongeza kumaqela amahlanu okuvelisa amandla amakhulu, kukwakho namashishini amaninzi agqwesileyo okuvelisa umbane kwishishini lombane wase China. Amashishini angaphandle kwamaqela amahlanu amakhulu, amelwe yiYangtze Power, ngawona makhulu ngokomthamo ofakelweyo wombane owenziwe ngamanzi. Ngokwesabelo somthamo wombane ofakwe emanzini, i-echelon ekhuphisanayo yoshishino lombane wamanzi waseTshayina lunokwahlulwa ngokohlulwa lube zii-echelons ezimbini, kunye namaqela amakhulu amahlanu kunye neYangtze Power ibekwe kuqala.
Amathemba oPhuhliso lweShishini loMbane woMbane waManzi
Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yokufudumala kwehlabathi kunye nokunyuka kokuncipha kwamafutha e-fossil, uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo kuyanda ukufumana ingqalelo kuluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe, kunye nokuphuhlisa ngamandla amandla avuselelekayo kuye kwaba yimvumelwano phakathi kwamazwe kwihlabathi jikelele. Ukuveliswa kombane owenziwe ngamanzi ngumthombo wamandla ococekileyo nohlaziyekayo onobugcisa obuvuthiweyo obunokuphuhliswa ngokomlinganiselo omkhulu. Oovimba bemithombo yombane waseTshayina bakwinqanaba lokuqala kwihlabathi. Ukuphuhlisa ngokusebenzayo umbane wamanzi akuyona nje indlela ebalulekileyo yokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse, kodwa kunye nomlinganiselo obalulekileyo wokujongana nokutshintsha kwemozulu, ukukhuthaza ukugcinwa kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa, kunye nokufezekisa uphuhliso oluzinzileyo.
Emva kwezizukulwana ezininzi zomzabalazo oqhubekayo wabasebenzi bombane, uhlaziyo kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha, kunye nokuziqhelanisa nenkalipho, ishishini lombane waseTshayina lizuze umtsi oyimbali ukusuka komncinci ukuya komkhulu, ukusuka kobuthathaka ukuya komelele, kunye nokulandela nokukhokela. Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwetekhnoloji, iiyunithi ezahlukeneyo zamandla ombane kunye nabasebenzi baseTshayina baxhomekeke kubuchwephesha obuphezulu obufana nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye nedatha enkulu ukuqinisekisa ngokufanelekileyo umgangatho wokwakha kunye nokhuseleko lwedama.
Ngethuba leSicwangciso seMinyaka emiHlanu ye-14, i-China ichaze umda wexesha lokufezekisa iinjongo ze-carbon peaking kunye nokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, okwenze ukuba iintlobo ezininzi zamandla zive amathuba kunye noxinzelelo oluza ngexesha elifanayo. Njengommeli wamandla ahlaziyekayo, amandla ombane, kwimeko yemozulu yehlabathi kunye nokuncipha kwamandla, imfuno yophuhliso oluzinzileyo yokuphucula ubume bamandla iya kuqhubeka nokuqhuba uphuhliso lombane wamanzi.
Kwixesha elizayo, iChina kufuneka igxininise kubuchwepheshe obuphambili obufana nolwakhiwo olukrelekrele, ukusebenza okukrelekrele, kunye nezixhobo ezikrelekrele zamandla ombane, ukukhuthaza ngenkuthalo ukuphuculwa kweshishini lombane wamanzi, ukuqinisa, ukukhulisa, kunye nokwandisa amandla acocekileyo, ukwandisa uphuhliso lombane kunye namandla amatsha, kunye nokuphucula ngokuqhubekayo inqanaba lolwakhiwo olukrelekrele kunye nolawulo lomsebenzi wezikhululo zombane.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-10-2023
