Imilambo ihamba kangangeekhilomitha ezingamawaka, iqulethe amandla amakhulu. Uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla endalo emanzini kumbane kubizwa ngokuba ngamandla ombane. Izinto ezibini ezisisiseko ezenza amandla oxinzelelo lwendalo kukuhamba kunye nentloko. Ukuhamba kunqunywe ngumlambo ngokwawo, kwaye izinga lokusetyenziswa kwamandla e-kinetic lokusebenzisa ngokuthe ngqo amanzi omlambo liya kuba liphantsi kakhulu, kuba akunakwenzeka ukuzalisa lonke icandelo lomlambo ngee-turbines zamanzi.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-hydraulic ikakhulu kusebenzisa amandla anokubakho, kwaye kufuneka kubekho ukwehla kusetyenziso lwamandla anokubakho. Nangona kunjalo, ukuwa kwendalo kwemilambo ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ngokuthe ngcembe ecaleni komlambo, kwaye kumgama omfutshane ngokwentelekiso, ukuwa kwendalo kokuqukuqela kwamanzi kuphantsi. Amanyathelo obunjineli afanelekileyo kufuneka athatyathwe ukuze kwandiswe ukuhla, oko kukugxininisa ukuwa kwendalo okuhlakazekileyo ukwenza intloko yamanzi esebenzisekayo.
Izinto ezilungileyo zombane wamanzi
1. Ukuhlaziywa kwamandla amanzi
Amandla amanzi aphuma kumlambo wendalo obalekayo, owenziwa ikakhulu yigesi yendalo kunye nokuhamba kwamanzi. Ukujikeleza kwamanzi kwenza ukuba amandla amanzi aphinde asetyenziswe kwaye asetyenziswe kwakhona, ngoko ke amandla amanzi abizwa ngokuba "ngamandla ahlaziyekayo". "Amandla ahlaziyekayo" anendawo ekhethekileyo ekwakhiweni kwamandla.
2. Ubutyebi bamanzi bunokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi
Amandla ombane asebenza ngamanzi asebenzisa kuphela amandla okuhamba kwamanzi kwaye awawasebenzisi manzi. Ngoko ke, ubutyebi bamanzi bunokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi, kwaye ukongeza kumbane, banokuxhamla ngaxeshanye kulawulo lwezandyondyo, ukunkcenkceshela, ukuthunyelwa ngenqanawa, unikezelo lwamanzi, i-aquaculture, ukhenketho, kunye neminye imiba, kwaye benze uphuhliso lweenjongo ezininzi.
3. Ukulawulwa kwamandla emanzini
Amandla ombane akanakugcinwa, kwaye ukuveliswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kugqitywe ngaxeshanye. Amandla wamanzi anokugcinwa kwiireservoirs, eziveliswa ngokweemfuno zenkqubo yamandla. Amadama asebenza njengeendawo zokugcina amandla kwinkqubo yamandla. Ukulawulwa kwamadama kuphucula amandla enkqubo yamandla okulawula imithwalo, ukwandisa ukuthembeka kunye nokuguquguquka konikezelo lwamandla.
4. Ukubuyiselwa umva kokuveliswa kombane ngamanzi
I-injini ye-injini yamanzi elawula amanzi ukusuka kwindawo ephakamileyo ukuya kwindawo ephantsi inokuvelisa umbane kwaye iguqule amandla amanzi kumandla ombane; Ngapha koko, imizimba yamanzi ebekwe kumanqanaba asezantsi ifunxwa ziimpompo zombane kwaye ithunyelwe kumadama kumanqanaba aphezulu okugcinwa, ukuguqula amandla ombane abe ngamandla amanzi. Ukusebenzisa ukubuyiselwa umva kokuveliswa kombane wombane ukwakha izikhululo zamandla ezimpompeweyo zogcino zinendima eyodwa ekuphuculeni isakhono sokulawula umthwalo wenkqubo yamandla.
5. Ukuguquguquka komsebenzi weyunithi
Iiyunithi zokuvelisa amandla ombane wamanzi zinezixhobo ezilula, eziguquguqukayo nezithembekileyo zokusebenza, kwaye zikulungele kakhulu ukwandisa okanye ukunciphisa imithwalo. Zinokuqaliswa ngokukhawuleza okanye zimiswe ngokweemfuno zabasebenzisi, kwaye kulula ukufikelela kwi-automation. Zezona zilungele ukwenza imisebenzi yokutsheva encotsheni kunye nokumodareyithwa rhoqo kwenkqubo yamandla, kunye nokusebenza njengendawo yokulinda kaxakeka, uhlengahlengiso lomthwalo, kunye neminye imisebenzi. Banokunyusa ukuthembeka kwenkqubo yamandla, kunye neenzuzo ezibalaseleyo eziguqukayo. Izikhululo zombane osebenza ngamanzi zezona zithwala imithwalo eguquguqukayo kwinkqubo yamandla.
6. Iindleko eziphantsi kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kokuveliswa kombane wamanzi
I-Hydropower ayisebenzisi amafutha, kwaye ayifuni inani elikhulu labasebenzi kunye nezibonelelo ezityalwe ekusetyenzisweni nasekuthuthweni kwamafutha. Isixhobo silula, kunye nabaqhubi abambalwa, amandla angaphantsi ancedisayo, ubomi obude benkonzo yezixhobo, kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa. Ke ngoko, ixabiso lemveliso yamandla ombane kwizikhululo zombane wamanzi liphantsi, kuphela yi-1/5 ukuya kwi-1/8 yaleso sikhululo samandla efosili. Ukongeza, izinga lokusetyenziswa kombane kwizikhululo zombane liphezulu, lifikelela ngaphezu kwama-85%, ngelixa isikhululo samandla efosili simalunga nama-40% kuphela.
7. Kuyanceda ekuphuculeni imeko-bume engqongileyo
Ukuveliswa kombane owenziwe ngamanzi akungcolisi indalo esingqongileyo. Ummandla omkhulu wamanzi wedama ulawula i-microclimate yommandla kunye nokusasazwa kwexesha kunye nesithuba sokuhamba kwamanzi, okulungele ukuphucula imeko ye-ikholoji yeendawo ezingqongileyo. Kwimizi-mveliso yamandla okubaselwa ngamalahle, itoni nganye yamalahle akrwada idinga ukukhupha malunga ne-30kg ye-SO2, kwaye ngaphezulu kwe-30kg yothuli lwesuntswana luyakhutshwa. Ngokwezibalo ze-50 ezinkulu kunye nobukhulu obuphakathi bamandla ombane wamalahle kwilizwe lonke, i-90% yezityalo zamandla zikhupha i-SO2 kunye noxinzelelo olungaphezu kwe-860mg / m3, olungcoliseko olubi kakhulu. Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje apho ingqwalasela engakumbi ihlawulwa kwimiba yokusingqongileyo, ukukhawulezisa ukwakhiwa kwamandla ombane kunye nokwandisa umlinganiselo wombane ophehlwa ngamanzi e-China kubaluleke kakhulu ekunciphiseni ukungcoliseka kwendalo.
Ukungalungi kombane wamanzi
Utyalo-mali olukhulu lwexesha elinye – umsebenzi omkhulu womhlaba kunye nemisebenzi yekonkrithi kulwakhiwo lwezikhululo zombane wamanzi; Ngaphezu koko, iya kubangela ilahleko enkulu yezikhukula kwaye ifuna iindleko ezinkulu zokuhlaliswa ngokutsha ukuba zihlawulwe; Ixesha lokwakha lide kunokwakhiwa kwezixhobo zamandla ashushu, ezichaphazela ukuguqulwa kweemali zokwakha. Nokuba olunye utyalo-mali kwiiprojekthi zogcino lwamanzi kwabelwana ngalo ngamasebe ahlukeneyo abaxhamli, utyalo-mali ngekilowathi yombane wamanzi luphezulu kakhulu kunolo lwamandla ashushu. Nangona kunjalo, kwimisebenzi yexesha elizayo, ukonga kwiindleko zokusebenza zonyaka kuya kulungiswa unyaka nonyaka. Elona xesha liphezulu lembuyekezo elivumelekileyo linxulumene nenqanaba lophuhliso lwelizwe kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wamandla. Ukuba ixesha lembuyekezo lingaphantsi kwexabiso elivumelekileyo, kuthathwa njengengqiqo ukunyusa umthamo ofakelweyo wesikhululo sombane wamanzi.
Umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli - Ngenxa yezikhukhula, amadama avala ubuninzi bamanzi, iintlekele zendalo, umonakalo owenziwe ngumntu, kunye nomgangatho wokwakha, onokuthi ube nemiphumo emibi kwiindawo ezisezantsi kunye neziseko. Ukusilela okunjalo kunokuchaphazela unikezelo lwamandla, izilwanyana kunye nezityalo, kwaye kunokubangela ilahleko enkulu kunye nokwenzakala.
Umonakalo we-ecosystem - Amadama amakhulu abangela ukukhukula okukhulu phezulu kumadama, ngamanye amaxesha atshabalalisa iindawo ezisezantsi, amahlathi asentlambo, kunye nengca. Kwangaxeshanye, iyakuchaphazela i-ecosystem yasemanzini ejikeleze isityalo. Inempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwiintlanzi, iintaka zasemanzini, kunye nezinye izilwanyana.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-03-2023
