Ngaba umbane owenziwe ngamanzi uya kuba yinto entle kakhulu yokugcina umbane wehlabathi kwixesha elizayo? Ukuba siqala kumbono wembali, uya kufumanisa ukuba kungakhathaliseki ukuba imeko yamandla iguquka njani, ukusetyenziswa kombane we-hydropower kukunyuka kwihlabathi.
Kumaxesha amandulo, abantu babesebenzisa amandla amanzi ukuqhuba ivili lamanzi kwaye baqhube ilitye lokusila ukunika amandla okunkcenkceshela kwasekhaya kunye nezolimo. Ngophuhliso lweentshukumo ezimbini zemizi-mveliso, umbane wamanzi uthe waxatyiswa ngakumbi. I-injini yomphunga ibonelela ngobonelelo lwamandla ngakumbi kuluntu, ngoko ke abantu banomdla wokufuna ubume bamandla ngokuchaneka okuphezulu, ukulawuleka okunamandla kunye nokulungela okungcono ixesha elithile. Ngoko ke, ukusetyenziswa kwe-injini ye-steam kunye namandla ombane kuye kwakhuthaza ngokukhawuleza inkqubela phambili yesayensi kunye nobuchwepheshe.
Ngo-1831, uFerrari watyhila umgaqo osisiseko wempembelelo ye-electromagnetic ngenani elikhulu leemvavanyo. Uluntu lwefiziksi luye lwaphonononga ngakumbi malunga neenjini zombane. Iyonke inkulungwane ye-19 yayikwixesha lombane ophantsi kakhulu. Ngelo xesha, babembalwa abantu ehlabathini ababekwazi ukusebenzisa izibane zombane zexabiso eliphezulu. Kwakungekho de ingcali yefiziksi egama linguWilliam Armstrong idibanise ukusetyenziswa kombane kunye nejenereyitha apho le meko yatshintsha ngokuthe ngcembe.
Le physicist yothando isebenzise ngcono imveliso yakhe ebomini. Kwinduli engaphandle kwaseRosberg, wasebenzisa ubuhle bomhlaba ukuze axhobise i-manor yakhe ngamanzi amangalisayo kunye nezinto ezenziwe ngombane, ngoko ubomi bakhe baba lula kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, ungumntu wokuqala ehlabathini ukusebenzisa umatshini wokuhlamba oqhutywa ngamanzi. Wenza kwakhona i-hydraulic lift ngokusebenzisa amanzi kunye nesiphumo sombane.
Ngumsebenzi wakhe obonisa ihlabathi ukuba amandla adibeneyo ombane wamanzi akanako nje ukuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwemizi-mveliso, kodwa kulindeleke ukuba atshintshe ubomi babantu kunye nemo yemveliso. Ngo-1882, u-Edison waseka inkqubo yokuveliswa kombane ngombane, nesesona sikhululo sombane sokuqala emhlabeni. Le projekthi ikwaphawula ukuqala kwexesha lombane ophehlwa ngamanzi kulo lonke uluntu.
Ukuba izibonelelo zamandla ziyimpilo yamazwe amaninzi, uphuhliso lwamandla ombane sesona siseko sokukhuthaza inkqubela phambili yentlalo kulo naliphi na ilizwe okanye ummandla. Inani elikhulu leenkcukacha zembali libonisa ukuba iiprojekthi zombane wamanzi zinokukhokelela kwisiphumo esingcono senkqubela phambili yamaxesha. Ke ngoko, iiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo zombane wamanzi nazo zakhiwe kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, iDama iHoover eUnited States ngowe-1931, iDama iVaian eItali ngowe-1959, kunye neDama leThree Gorges eTshayina ngowama-2006.
Ngoku ngakumbi nangakumbi amazwe okanye imimandla iye yaqonda ukuba ayinakushiya unikezelo lombane wamanzi ukuze iqhubele phambili nophuhliso lwexesha elide. Ke ngoko, umbane owenziwe ngamanzi unyanzelekile ukuba uqhubeke ukho ixesha elide. Emva kwenkulungwane yama-21, amaxabiso eoli ehlabathini lonke aye anyuka inyathelo nenyathelo. Imekobume yethu yendalo ijongene nongcoliseko olukhulu, kwaye uphuhliso lombane oqhutywa ngamanzi lungakhuthaza uhlengahlengiso lwesakhiwo samandla amatsha.
Ukuphuhliswa nokusetyenziswa kombane ophehlwa ngamanzi kuya kuba yingxaki ekufuneka iqwalaselwe lilizwe ngalinye elikhulu. Xa uphuhliso lwamandla luvula isandulela sexesha elitsha, abantu babonakala bemi kwindawo entsha yokuqalisa. Ngubani onokuba neenzuzo ezingakumbi kwixesha elizayo lokusukela amandla acocekileyo? Kukwaxhomekeke ekubeni amazwe ehlabathi angakwazi na ukumanyanisa isantya sokwakha, athathe uphuhliso oluzinzileyo njengenjongo, ayisebenzise ngokupheleleyo indima ebalulekileyo yobutyebi bamanzi ekuveliseni umbane, kwaye abonelele lula ngakumbi kubomi babantu nakwimveliso, ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno ezininzi zoluntu.
Enyanisweni, imithombo yamanzi ayinakuba ngamandla acocekileyo kuphela, kodwa ibe nexabiso eliphezulu lokuhombisa kunye nabakhenkethi. Umzekelo, iGansu Yongxing Silk Road International Travel Service Co., Ltd. ibijongene noluntu unyaka wonke, ibonelela ngokunyanisekileyo abasebenzisi ngeenkonzo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ukubambelela kwinjongo yeshishini lokusinda ngomgangatho kunye nophuhliso ngegama. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, siye saphucula ngokuqhubekayo uthungelwano lwesizwe kunye nemowudi yolawulo oluthe nkqo, kwaye sikhokele ekwakheni ishishini elikumgangatho ophezulu elinophawu olukhulu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-29-2023
