Kutshanje, urhulumente waseSwitzerland ubhale umgaqo-nkqubo omtsha. Ukuba ingxaki yamandla ekhoyo ngoku iya isiba mandundu, iSwitzerland iya kuthintela ukuqhuba izithuthi zombane ngenxa yokuhamba "okungeyomfuneko".
Idatha efanelekileyo ibonisa ukuba malunga nama-60% amandla aseSwitzerland avela kwizikhululo zamandla aphuma emanzini kwaye ama-30% avela kumandla enyukliya. Nangona kunjalo, urhulumente uthembise ukuphelisa amandla akhe enyukliya, ngelixa amanye avela kwiifama zomoya kunye namafutha emveli efosili. Izibalo zibonisa ukuba iSwitzerland ivelisa amandla aneleyo minyaka le ukugcina ukukhanya, kodwa ukuguquguquka kwemozulu yexesha lonyaka kuya kukhokelela kwiimeko ezingalindelekanga.
Amanzi emvula kunye nokunyibilika kwekhephu kwiinyanga ezifudumeleyo kunokugcina umgangatho wamanzi omlambo kwaye kubonelele ngezixhobo ezifunekayo zokuvelisa umbane ngamanzi. Nangona kunjalo, umgangatho wamanzi emachibini nasemilanjeni kwiinyanga ezibandayo kunye nehlobo laseYurophu elomileyo ngokungaqhelekanga uye wehla, nto leyo ebangele ukuba ukuveliswa kombane ngamanzi kube kuncinci, ngoko ke iSwitzerland kufuneka ixhomekeke ekuthengeni amandla kwamanye amazwe.
Ngaphambili, iSwitzerland yayithenga umbane eFransi naseJamani ukuze ihlangabezane nazo zonke iimfuno zayo zombane, kodwa kulo nyaka imeko itshintshile, kwaye umbane ofumaneka kumazwe angabamelwane nawo uxakeke kakhulu.
IFransi ibingumthengisi wombane ngaphandle kangangeminyaka emininzi, kodwa kwisiqingatha sokuqala sowama-2022, amandla enyukliya aseFransi ahlala ejongene nobunzima. Okwangoku, ukufumaneka kweeyunithi zamandla enyukliya aseFransi kuphezulu kancinci kune-50%, nto leyo ekhokelele ekubeni iFransi ibe ngumthengisi wombane okokuqala. Kwakhona ngenxa yokuncipha kokuveliswa kwamandla enyukliya, iFransi inokujongana nomngcipheko wokuphelelwa ngamandla kombane kule busika. Ngaphambili, umqhubi wegridi yaseFransi uthe uza kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa nge-1% ukuya kwi-5% phantsi kweemeko ezisisiseko, kwaye ubuninzi be-15% phantsi kweemeko ezimbi kakhulu. Ngokweenkcukacha zamva nje zobonelelo lwamandla ezivezwe yiFrench BFM TV ngomhla wesibini, umqhubi wegridi yamandla aseFransi uqalile ukwenza isicwangciso esithile sokuphela kwamandla. Iindawo zokuphela kwamandla zilo lonke ilizwe, kwaye usapho ngalunye lunokuphela kwamandla ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezimbini ngosuku, kwaye kube kanye kuphela ngemini.
Imeko eJamani iyafana. Kwimeko yokulahleka kobonelelo lwegesi yendalo yemibhobho yaseRashiya, iinkonzo zikawonke-wonke kufuneka zisokole.
Kwasekuqaleni kukaJuni kulo nyaka, i-Elcom, iSwiss Federal Power Commission, ithe ngenxa yokuncipha kokuveliswa kwamandla enyukliya eFransi kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ukungeniswa kombane eSwitzerland evela eFransi kulo busika kusenokuba kuphantsi kakhulu kunakwiminyaka edlulileyo, nto leyo engasusi ngxaki yokungabikho kwamandla ombane aneleyo.
Ngokutsho kweendaba, iSwitzerland isenokufuna ukungenisa umbane ovela eJamani, e-Austria nakwamanye amazwe ase-Itali angabamelwane. Nangona kunjalo, ngokutsho kwe-Elcom, ukufumaneka kombane othunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kula mazwe kuxhomekeke kakhulu ekufumanekeni kwamafutha efosili asekelwe kwigesi yendalo.
Ingakanani intswelo yombane eSwitzerland? Ngokweengxelo zeendaba zamanye amazwe, iSwitzerland ifuna ukungenisa umbane nge-4GWh kule busika. Kutheni ungakhethi iindawo zokugcina umbane? Ixabiso sisizathu esibalulekileyo. Into esweleyo eYurophu bubuchwepheshe bokugcina umbane bexesha lonyaka kunye nexesha elide. Okwangoku, ukugcinwa kwamandla kwexesha elide akukathandwa kwaye akukasetyenziswa kakhulu.
Ngokophando olwenziwe yi-Elcom kubathengisi bombane baseSwitzerland abangama-613, uninzi lwabaqhubi kulindeleke ukuba bonyuse iindleko zabo zombane malunga ne-47%, oko kuthetha ukuba amaxabiso ombane wasekhaya aza kunyuka malunga ne-20%. Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso egesi yendalo, amalahle kunye nekhabhoni, kunye nokwehla kokuveliswa kwamandla enyukliya aseFransi, konke oku kube negalelo ekunyukeni kwamaxabiso ombane eSwitzerland.
Ngokwenqanaba lamva nje lexabiso lombane eliyi-183.97 euros/MWh (malunga ne-1.36 yuan/kWh) eSwitzerland, ixabiso lemarike elihambelanayo lombane we-4GWh ubuncinane yi-735900 euros, malunga ne-5.44 yezigidi zeeyuan. Ukuba ixabiso eliphezulu lombane ngo-Agasti yi-488.14 euro/MWh (malunga ne-3.61 yuan/kWh), ixabiso elihambelanayo le-4GWh limalunga ne-14.4348 yezigidi zeeyuan.
Ukuvalwa kwamandla ombane! Ukuthintelwa okungeyomfuneko kwezithuthi zombane
Iqela leendaba libike ukuba ukuze kujongwane nokunqongophala kwamandla okunokwenzeka nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwamandla kule busika, iBhunga leSizwe laseSwitzerland okwangoku libhala uyilo olucebisa imithetho "yokukhawulela nokuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ombane ukuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa kwamandla kazwelonke", licacisa isicwangciso sesenzo esinezigaba ezine sokuthintela ukucima kombane, kwaye liphumeze ukuvalwa okuhlukeneyo xa kuvela iingxaki zamanqanaba ahlukeneyo.
Nangona kunjalo, enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo inxulumene nokuthintelwa kokuqhuba izithuthi zombane kwinqanaba lesithathu. Olu xwebhu lufuna ukuba "izithuthi zombane zabucala zivunyelwe ukuba zisetyenziselwe uhambo oluyimfuneko kuphela (ezifana neemfuno zobungcali, ukuthenga, ukubona ugqirha, ukuya kwimisebenzi yonqulo, kunye nokuya kwintlanganiso zenkundla)."
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, umyinge wokuthengiswa kweemoto zaseSwitzerland umalunga ne-300000 ngonyaka, kwaye umlinganiselo wezithuthi zombane uyanda. Ngo-2021, kongezwe izithuthi zombane ezintsha ezingama-31823 eSwitzerland, kwaye umlinganiselo wezithuthi zombane ezintsha eSwitzerland ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya ku-Agasti 2022 ufikelele kwi-25%. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokungoneli kweetships kunye neengxaki zombane, ukukhula kwezithuthi zombane eSwitzerland kulo nyaka akulunganga njengakwiminyaka edlulileyo.
ISwitzerland iceba ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kombane ezidolophini ngokuthintela ukutshaja kwezithuthi zombane kwezinye iimeko. Eli linyathelo elitsha kakhulu kodwa eligqithisileyo, eligxininisa ngakumbi ubunzulu bokunqongophala kombane eYurophu. Oku kuthetha ukuba iSwitzerland isenokuba lilizwe lokuqala emhlabeni ukuthintela izithuthi zombane. Nangona kunjalo, lo mthetho uyamangalisa kakhulu, kuba okwangoku, uthutho lwehlabathi luyatshintsha ukusuka kwizithuthi zepetroli ukuya kwizithuthi zombane ukuze kuncitshiswe ukuxhomekeka kumafutha efosili kwaye kufezekiswe utshintsho lwamandla acocekileyo.
Xa inani elikhulu lezithuthi zombane liqhagamshelwe kwigridi yombane, oku kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokunikezelwa kwamandla aneleyo kwaye kuzise imingeni ekusebenzeni okuzinzileyo kwenkqubo yombane. Nangona kunjalo, ngokutsho kweengcali kushishino, izithuthi zombane eziza kukhuthazwa ngomlinganiselo omkhulu kwixesha elizayo zingasetyenziswa njengeendawo zokugcina amandla kwaye zibizwe ngokudibeneyo ukuba zithathe inxaxheba ekuchebeni okuphezulu nasekuzaliseni igridi yombane. Abanini beemoto banokutshaja xa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kuphantsi. Banokubuyisela umbane kwigridi yombane ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu, okanye nokuba umbane umfutshane. Oku kunciphisa uxinzelelo lombane, kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuzinza kwenkqubo yombane, kwaye kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yamandla.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Disemba-12-2022
