Ukuze kuncedwe ekufezekiseni injongo "yokwandisa i-carbon peak, ukunganyamezeli i-carbon" kunye nokwakha inkqubo entsha yamandla, i-China Southern Power Grid Corporation icebise ngokucacileyo ukuba ngokusisiseko yakhe inkqubo entsha yamandla kummandla osemazantsi ngo-2030 kwaye yakhe ngokupheleleyo inkqubo entsha yamandla ngo-2060. Kule nkqubo, siza kuphuhlisa ngamandla indawo yokugcina empompelwe. Kucetywayo ukwandisa umthamo ofakiweyo wee-kilowatts ezi-6 zezigidi, ii-kilowatts ezili-15 zezigidi kunye nee-kilowatts ezili-15 zezigidi ngokulandelelana ngexesha leSicwangciso seMinyaka emihlanu se-"yeshumi elinesine, yeshumi elinesihlanu neyeshumi elinesithandathu". Siza kuzama ukufikelela kwii-kilowatts ezimalunga nezigidi ezingama-44 zamandla okugcina empompelwe kummandla osemazantsi ngo-2035, okwenza kube luhlobo olutsha lwe-balancer yokuphazamiseka kwenkqubo yamandla, i-load balancer kunye ne-power grid stabilizer.
Umthombo: Iakhawunti esemthethweni yeWeChat ethi “China Energy Media Intelligent Manufacturing”
Umbhali: Peng Yumin, i-Energy Storage Research Institute of China Southern Power Grid Peak shaving and Frequency Modulation Power Generation Co., Ltd
Iimpawu eziphambili zenkqubo entsha yamandla
Inkqubo entsha yamandla ilawulwa ngamandla acocekileyo, kwaye umlinganiselo wamandla amatsha ekusetyenzisweni kwamandla uya kuqhubeka nokwanda, kancinci kancinci usenza uhlobo lokusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye namandla amatsha, amandla e-hydropower, amandla enyukliya njengendlela ephambili yokuvelisa amandla. Umlinganiselo wokusetyenziswa kwamandla e-fossil uya kuncitshiswa kancinci kancinci ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nomgomo ongathathi cala wekhabhoni, kwaye amandla aseleyo afakiweyo amandla e-fossil aya kusetyenziswa njengombane wokuxhasa inkqubo entsha yamandla. Kwinkqubo entsha yamandla, amandla amatsha aya kuqhagamshelwa kwigridi yamandla ngendlela ephakathi nesasazwayo. Ngokuphathelele ukufikelela okuphakathi, ummandla osemazantsi uzama ukufikelela kumandla omoya angaselunxwemeni angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-24 zee-kilowatts, amandla omoya angaselunxwemeni angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-20 zee-kilowatts, kunye nokufikelela kwi-photovoltaic okungaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-56 zee-kilowatts ngo-2025. Ngokuphathelele ukufikelela okusasazwayo, imithombo yamandla esasazwayo enomthamo omncinci, inqanaba eliphantsi le-voltage yegridi yokufikelela kwaye inokusetyenziswa kufutshane iya kwakhiwa kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo ngokweemeko zasekuhlaleni.
Kwinkqubo entsha yamandla enegunya elitsha njengomzimba oyintloko, imveliso yokwenyani yezixhobo ezintsha zokuvelisa amandla ichaphazeleka kakhulu yimeko-bume yemozulu, eneempawu ezicacileyo zokungacwangciswanga, ukuguquguquka kunye nokuguquguquka. Ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kokutshintshwa kwamandla ombane, izixhobo zokugcina amandla zasekhaya kunye nekhaya elikrelekrele kwenza umthwalo osecaleni lomsebenzisi uphuhle kwicala elahlukeneyo nelisebenzisanayo, kwaye isiphelo somsebenzisi singena kwimo entsha engumthengi kunye nomvelisi. Inkqubo entsha yamandla enegunya elitsha njengomzimba oyintloko ibonisa iimpawu "eziphindwe kabini" zomlinganiselo ophezulu wamandla amatsha kunye nomlinganiselo ophezulu wezixhobo ze-elektroniki zamandla. Ukuze kujongwane nokuguquguquka okukhulu kwamandla amatsha kunye neemeko ezahlukeneyo ezigqithisileyo, kuyimfuneko ukufanisa umthamo ofakiweyo wendawo yokugcina epompelweyo kunye nomlinganiselo ohambelanayo ngokomthamo ofakiweyo kunye nomlinganiselo wokuphuma kwamandla amatsha. Xa imveliso yamandla amatsha ingaqhelekanga, indawo yokugcina epompelweyo kufuneka igcine imeko yenkqubo entsha yamandla yegridi kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye kuthintelwe ukuguqulwa kwenkqubo entsha yamandla ukuya kwinkqubo yamandla yendabuko. Ke ngoko, uphuhliso kunye nokwakhiwa kwezikhululo zamandla zokugcina epompelweyo kuya kuba ngokukhawuleza kwaye kube kukhulu ngakumbi.
Iingxaki kunye neendlela zokulwa nophuhliso olukhawulezileyo nolukhulu lwendawo yokugcina izinto ezipompiweyo
Uphuhliso nolwakhiwo olukhawulezileyo nolukhulu luzise iingxaki zokhuseleko, umgangatho kunye nokunqongophala kwabasebenzi. Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zokwakha zenkqubo entsha yombane, inani lezikhululo zamandla zokugcina ezimpompiweyo ziye zavunywa ukuba zakhiwe minyaka le. Ixesha lokwakha elifunekayo lifinyezwe kakhulu ukusuka kwiminyaka eyi-8-10 ukuya kwiminyaka eyi-4-6. Uphuhliso nokwakhiwa ngokukhawuleza kweprojekthi kuya kuzisa iingxaki zokhuseleko, umgangatho kunye nokunqongophala kwabasebenzi.
Ukuze kusonjululwe uthotho lweengxaki ezibangelwa kuphuhliso olukhawulezileyo nokwakhiwa kweeprojekthi, iiyunithi zokwakha kunye nolawulo lweeprojekthi kufuneka ziqale zenze uphando lobuchwephesha kunye nokuziqhelanisa noomatshini kunye nobukrelekrele bobunjineli bokwakha izikhululo zamandla zokugcina ezimpompiweyo. Itekhnoloji yeTBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) iqaliswa ukumba inani elikhulu leemiqolomba ezingaphantsi komhlaba, kwaye izixhobo zeTBM ziphuhliswa kunye neempawu zesikhululo samandla sokugcina ezimpompiweyo, kwaye kwenziwa iskimu sobugcisa bokwakha. Ngenxa yeemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza ezifana nokumba, ukuthunyelwa, inkxaso kunye ne-inverted arch ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo, kuphuhliswe iskimu sesicelo esixhasayo kuyo yonke inkqubo yokwakha oomatshini kunye nobukrelekrele, kwaye kwenziwe uphando kwizihloko ezinje ngokusebenza ngobukrelekrele kwezixhobo zenkqubo enye, ukuzenzekela kwenkqubo yonke yokwakha inkqubo, ukwenziwa kwedijithali kolwazi lokwakha izixhobo, ukwakhiwa okungenamntu kwezixhobo zoomatshini ezilawulwa kude, uhlalutyo lokuqonda olukrelekrele lomgangatho wokwakha, njl.njl. Ukuphuhlisa izixhobo kunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokwakha oomatshini kunye nobukrelekrele.
Ngokuphathelele ukusetyenziswa koomatshini kunye nobukrelekrele bobunjineli boomatshini nombane, singahlalutya imfuno yesicelo kunye nokwenzeka kokusetyenziswa koomatshini kunye nobukrelekrele kwiinkalo zokunciphisa abaqhubi, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle komsebenzi, ukunciphisa iingozi zomsebenzi, njl.njl., kwaye siphuhlise izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zoomatshini kunye nobunjineli boomatshini kunye neenkqubo zokwakha ubukrelekrele kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza zokufakelwa kwezixhobo zoomatshini kunye nombane.
Ukongeza, uyilo lobunjineli be-3D kunye netekhnoloji yokulinganisa ingasetyenziselwa ukuseta kwangaphambili kunye nokulinganisa ezinye izakhiwo kunye nezixhobo kwangaphambili, ezingenako ukugqiba inxalenye yomsebenzi kwangaphambili, zifinyeze ixesha lokwakha kwindawo, kodwa zikwaqhuba ukwamkelwa okusebenzayo kunye nolawulo lomgangatho kwangaphambili, ziphucula ngempumelelo umgangatho kunye nenqanaba lolawulo lokhuseleko.
Ukusebenza okukhulu kwesikhululo samandla kuzisa ingxaki yokusebenza okuthembekileyo, imfuno ekrelekrele nenzulu. Ukusebenza okukhulu kwezikhululo zamandla zokugcina ezimpompiweyo kuya kuzisa iingxaki ezifana neendleko eziphezulu zokusebenza nokugcinwa, ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi, njl. Ukunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza nokugcinwa, isitshixo kukuphucula ukuthembeka kokusebenza kweeyunithi zokugcina ezimpompiweyo; Ukusombulula ingxaki yokunqongophala kwabasebenzi, kuyimfuneko ukufezekisa ulawulo olukrelekrele nolunzulu lokusebenza kwesikhululo samandla.
Ukuphucula ukuthembeka kokusebenza kweyunithi, ngokwendlela yokukhetha noyilo lohlobo lwezixhobo, iingcali kufuneka zishwankathele nzulu amava asebenzayo kuyilo nokusebenza kwezityalo zokugcina amandla ezimpompiweyo, zenze uyilo lokulungisa, ukhetho lohlobo kunye nophando olusemgangathweni kwiinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zezixhobo zokugcina amandla ezimpompiweyo, kwaye zihlaziye ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngokwendlela yokunika izixhobo, ukuphatha iimpazamo kunye namava okugcina. Ngokwendlela yokuvelisa izixhobo, iiyunithi zokugcina izixhobo zemveli zisenezinye iiteknoloji eziphambili zokwenza izixhobo ezandleni zabavelisi bamanye amazwe. Kubalulekile ukwenza uphando lwendawo kwezi zixhobo "zomngxunya", kwaye udibanise iminyaka yamava okusebenza nokugcina kunye namaqhinga kuzo, ukuze kuphuculwe ngokufanelekileyo umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokuthembeka kokusebenza kwezi zixhobo ziphambili. Ngokwendlela yokujonga ukusebenza kwezixhobo, iingcali kufuneka zenze ngokucwangcisiweyo imigangatho yokumisela imeko yezixhobo ngokwembono yokuqwalaselwa kwesimo sezixhobo kunye nokulinganiswa, zenze uphando olunzulu ngamaqhinga okulawula izixhobo, amaqhinga okujonga imeko kunye neendlela zovavanyo lwempilo ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zokhuseleko lwangaphakathi, zakhe uhlalutyo olukrelekrele kunye neqonga lesilumkiso kwangethuba lokujonga imeko yezixhobo, zifumane iingozi ezifihliweyo kwizixhobo kwangaphambili kwaye zenze isilumkiso kwangethuba ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
Ukuze kufezekiswe ulawulo olukrelekrele nolunzulu lokusebenza kwesikhululo samandla, iingcali kufuneka zenze uphando malunga nolawulo oluzenzekelayo lwezixhobo okanye iteknoloji enye ebalulekileyo yokusebenza ngokubhekiselele kulawulo kunye nokusebenza kwezixhobo, ukuze kufezekiswe ukuqaliswa kunye nokuvalwa kunye nokulawulwa komthwalo ngokuzenzekelayo kweyunithi ngaphandle kokungenelela kwabasebenzi, kwaye kufezekiswe ulandelelwano lokusebenza kunye nokuqinisekiswa kobukrelekrele obunemilinganiselo emininzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka; Ngokuphathelele ukuhlolwa kwezixhobo, iingcali zinokwenza uphando lobuchwephesha malunga nombono womatshini, ukuqonda koomatshini, ukuhlolwa kwerobhothi kunye nezinye iinkalo, kwaye zenze uqheliselo lobuchwephesha ekutshintsheni oomatshini bokuhlola; Ngokuphathelele ukusebenza okuqinileyo kwesikhululo samandla, kuyimfuneko ukwenza uphando kunye nokuziqhelanisa kwitekhnoloji yokubeka esweni yomntu omnye kunye nezityalo ezininzi ukuze kusonjululwe ngempumelelo ingxaki yokunqongophala kwezixhobo zabasebenzi emsebenzini ezibangelwa kukuphuhliswa kwezikhululo zamandla zokugcina ezimpompiweyo.
Ukwenziwa lula kwendawo yokugcina empompiweyo kunye nokusebenza okudibeneyo kokuhlanganiswa kwamandla amaninzi okubangelwa kukusetyenziswa kwemithombo emininzi yamandla amatsha asasazekileyo. Uphawu oluphawulekayo lwenkqubo entsha yamandla kukuba kukho inani elikhulu lamandla amatsha amancinci asasazekileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zegridi, asebenza kwigridi ene-voltage ephantsi. Ukuze kufunxwe kwaye kusetyenziswe le mithombo yamandla amatsha asasazekileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwaye kuncitshiswe ngempumelelo ukuxinana kwamandla kwigridi enkulu yamandla, kuyimfuneko ukwakha iiyunithi zokugcina ezimpompiweyo ezisasazekileyo kufutshane nemithombo emitsha yamandla asasazekileyo ukuze kufezekiswe ukugcinwa kwendawo, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla amatsha ngokusebenzisa iigridi zamandla ezine-voltage ephantsi. Ke ngoko, kuyimfuneko ukusombulula iingxaki zokwenziwa lula kwendawo yokugcina empompiweyo kunye nokusebenza okudibeneyo kokuhlanganiswa kwamandla amaninzi.
Kubalulekile ukuba iinjineli kunye neengcali zenze uphando ngamandla malunga nokukhethwa kwendawo, uyilo kunye nokuveliswa, icebo lolawulo kunye nokusetyenziswa okudibeneyo kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezikhululo zamandla zokugcina ezimpompiweyo ezisasazwayo, kubandakanya iiyunithi zokugcina ezimpompiweyo ezincinci eziguqulwayo, ukusebenza ngokuzimeleyo kweempompo kunye neeturbines, ukusebenza ngokudibeneyo kwezikhululo zamandla amancinci kunye nezikhululo zokumpompi, njl.njl. Kwangaxeshanye, uphando kunye nomboniso weprojekthi kwitekhnoloji yokusebenza edibeneyo yokugcina ezimpompiweyo kunye nomoya, ukukhanya kunye namandla e-hydropower zenziwa ukuze kucetyiswe izisombululo zobugcisa zokuhlola ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye nokusebenzisana kwezoqoqosho kwinkqubo entsha yamandla.
Ingxaki "yokutshixa" kobuchwephesha beeyunithi zokugcina ezipompelwe ngesantya esiguquguqukayo ezilungiselelwe igridi yamandla e-elastic ephezulu. Iiyunithi zokugcina ezipompelwe ngesantya esiguquguqukayo zineempawu zokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kulawulo lwefrikhwensi yokuqala, amandla okufaka ahlengahlengiswayo phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza kwepompo, kunye neyunithi esebenza kwi-optimal curve, kunye nempendulo ebukhali kunye nomzuzu ophezulu wokungakhathali. Ukuze kuthintelwe ngempumelelo ukungaguquguquki kunye nokuguquguquka kwegridi yamandla, lungisa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ufunxe amandla angaphezulu aveliswa ngamandla amatsha kwicala lokuvelisa kunye necala lomsebenzisi, kwaye ulawule ngcono ibhalansi yomthwalo wegridi yamandla e-elastic kakhulu nesebenzisanayo, kuyimfuneko ukwandisa umlinganiselo weeyunithi zesantya esiguquguqukayo kwigridi yamandla. Nangona kunjalo, okwangoku, uninzi lwetekhnoloji eziphambili zokupompa amanzi kunye neeyunithi zokugcina amanzi ngesantya esiguquguqukayo zisesezandleni zabavelisi bamanye amazwe, kwaye ingxaki "yokutshixa" kobuchwephesha kufuneka isonjululwe.
Ukuze kufezekiswe ulawulo oluzimeleyo lwetekhnoloji eziphambili, kuyimfuneko ukugxila kuphando lwesayensi lwasekhaya kunye namandla obuchwephesha ukuze kwenziwe ngokunzulu uyilo kunye nophuhliso lweemoto zejenereyitha ezinesantya esiguquguqukayo kunye neeturbine zepompo, uphuhliso lwamaqhinga olawulo kunye nezixhobo zabaguquli be-AC abavuselelayo, uphuhliso lwamaqhinga olawulo oludibeneyo kunye nezixhobo zeeyunithi ezinesantya esiguquguqukayo, uphando lwamaqhinga olawulo lwerhuluneli kwiiyunithi ezinesantya esiguquguqukayo, uphando lwenkqubo yokuguqula imeko yokusebenza kunye namaqhinga olawulo adibeneyo kwiiyunithi ezinesantya esiguquguqukayo, Ukuqonda uyilo olupheleleyo lwendawo kunye nokusetyenziswa komboniso wokuvelisa kunye nobunjineli beeyunithi ezinkulu ezinesantya esiguquguqukayo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Disemba-09-2022
