Amandla yindawo ephambili yokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni kwiCarbon Peak. Kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo ukususela ekubeni uNobhala Jikelele u-Xi Jinping enze isibhengezo esikhulu malunga nokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni kwincopho yekhabhoni, onke amasebe afanelekileyo kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo afunde ngokucokisekileyo kwaye aphumeza umoya kaNobhala Jikelele we-Xi Jinping yeentetho ezibalulekileyo kunye nemiyalelo, kwaye ngononophelo ukuphumeza izigqibo kunye nokuthunyelwa kweKomiti ePhakathi yeQela kunye neBhunga leSizwe kunye nomsebenzi wokuguqula ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni kwi-carbon ephantsi yeemfuno kunye neqela eliphantsi lekhabhoni. amandla iye yakhuthazwa ngenkuthalo, ngokuthe ngcembe nangocwangco, kwaye iziphumo eziphawulekayo ziye zafezwa.
1. Ukukhawulezisa uphuhliso nokusetyenziswa kwamandla angengawo awefosili
(1) Amandla amatsha agcina ulwando olukhawulezayo. Ukuqulunqa kunye nokuphumeza isicwangciso kunye nesicwangciso soyilo lwesiseko esikhulu samandla omoya we-photovoltaic egxile kwiintlango, iGobi, kunye nemimandla eyintlango. Isikali sisonke esicetyiweyo simalunga ne-450 yezigidi zeekilowatts. Okwangoku, ibhetshi yokuqala ye-95 yezigidi zeeprojekthi zesiseko se-kilowatt zonke ziqalisile ukwakhiwa, kwaye ibhetshi yesibini yoluhlu lweprojekthi ikhutshiwe. Ukuqhubela phambili umsebenzi wokuqala kwaye uququzelele kwaye ucwangcise ibhetshi yesithathu yeeprojekthi ezisisiseko. Ukukhuthaza ngokuthe ngcembe iprojekthi yokulinga yophuhliso olusasazwe lwe-photovoltaic kuphahla lwedolophu yonke. Ukusukela ekupheleni kukaJuni kulo nyaka, isikali esibhalisiweyo esibhalisiweyo seprojekthi yokulinga yesizwe ibe yi-66.15 yezigidi zeekilowathi. Ukukhuthaza ngocwangco ukwakhiwa kweziseko zamandla omoya kude nonxweme kwi-Shandong Peninsula, iYangtze River Delta, emazantsi eFujian, empuma Guangdong, kunye neBeibu Gulf. Ukusukela ngo-2020, umthamo ofakelweyo wamandla omoya amatsha kunye nombane welanga udlule kwi-100 lezigidi zeekilowathi iminyaka emibini elandelelanayo, nto leyo ethatha malunga ne-60% yawo onke amandla amatsha afakwe enyakeni. Uphuhliso oluzingileyo lokuveliswa kombane kwi-biomass, ukusuka ekupheleni kukaJulayi walo nyaka, umthamo ofakiweyo wokuvelisa umbane we-biomass ubezizigidi ezingama-39.67 zeekilowatts. Sebenza kunye namasebe afanelekileyo kuphando olusebenzayo kunye nokuxhasa uphuhliso lwamandla e-geothermal kunye nezibaso ezingezizo ezokutya kwi-bio-liquid. Khuthaza imveliso yovavanyo lwemizi-mveliso yeplanti yokuqala yasekhaya yokubonisa i-cellulose fuel ethanol ngemveliso yonyaka yeetoni ezingama-30,000. IsiCwangciso seXesha eliPhakathi kunye neLide soPhuhliso loShishino lwaMandla eHydrogen (2021-2035) sakhutshwa. Ngo-2021, ukuveliswa kwamandla onyaka kwamandla amatsha kuya kudlula i-1 trillion kWh okokuqala.
(2) Ulwakhiwo lweeprojekthi zombane zesiqhelo luqhubele phambili ngokuthe ngcembe. Lungelelanisa uphuhliso lombane wamanzi kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo, kunye nokukhuthaza ngamandla ukucwangciswa kombane kunye nokwakhiwa kweeprojekthi ezinkulu zombane wamanzi kwiindawo eziphambili zemilambo ezifana neendawo eziphezulu zoMlambo i-Jinsha, iindawo eziphakathi zoMlambo iYalong, kunye neendawo eziphezulu zoMlambo oMthubi. Izikhululo zoMbane weWudongde kunye neLianghekou zafakwa ngokupheleleyo ekusebenzeni. IsiKhululo soMbane waManzi e-Baihetan sagqitywa saza saqalisa ukusebenza ngeeyunithi ezili-10 phambi kokuphela kuka-Agasti walo nyaka. Iprojekthi yesiKhululo soMbane woMbane we-Jinsha River iXulong yamkelwa ukuba yakhiwe ekuqaleni kukaJuni walo nyaka. Ukususela ngowama-2021 ukuya kuJuni kulo nyaka, izigidi ezi-6 zeekhilowathi zombane oqhelekileyo owenziwe ngamanzi sele ziqalisiwe. Ukusukela ekupheleni kukaJuni kulo nyaka, umthamo wombane wesizwe ofakelweyo ufikelele malunga nezigidi ezingama-360 zeekhilowathi, ukwanda okumalunga nezigidi ezingama-20 zeekilowathi ngowama-2020, kwaye phantse i-50% yommiselo wokongezwa kweekilowathi ezizigidi ezingama-40 ngexesha “leSicwangciso seMinyaka emiHlanu ye-14” sele sigqityiwe.
(3) Amandla enyukliya agcina isantya esizinzileyo sokwakha. Ukukhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwamandla enyukliya ngokusebenzayo nangocwangco phantsi kwesiseko sokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko. I-Hualong No. 1, iprojekthi yokubonisa i-Guohe ye-1, iprojekthi yokubonisa i-reactor ye-gas-cooled reactor ephezulu kunye nezinye iiprojekthi ezisakhiwayo zikhuthazwa phantsi kwesiseko sokuqinisekisa umgangatho. NgoJanuwari 2021, iFuqing No. 5, imfumba yokuqala yehlabathi yeHualong No. 1, yagqitywa yaza yaqalisa ukusebenza. Ukusukela kweyeKhala kulo nyaka, ilizwe lam lineeyunithi ezingama-77 zamandla enyukliya ezisebenzayo naphantsi kolwakhiwo, ezinomthamo ofakelweyo oziikhilomitha ezingama-83.35 ezigidi.
Inkqubela phambili elungileyo yenziwe kuphuhliso olucocekileyo nolusebenzayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla efosili
(1) Uphuhliso olucocekileyo nolusebenzayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamalahle kuyaqhubeka nokuba nzulu. Nika umdlalo opheleleyo kwindima yamalahle kunye namandla amalahle ekuxhaseni nasekuqinisekiseni ukuguqulwa kwamandla aluhlaza kunye nekhabhoni ephantsi. Qhubeka nokwenza umsebenzi omhle “kwibhokisi yamanqindi edibeneyo” yokwandisa imveliso yamalahle kunye nokuqinisekisa unikezelo, ukuphumeza inkqubo yokhuseleko lwamalahle kunye nenkqubo yoxanduva lokubonelela, ukuzinzisa umgaqo-nkqubo wesiqinisekiso sobonelelo lwamalahle, ukomeleza ucwangciso lwelizwe lokuvelisa amalahle, kunye nokuqhubeka nokukhulula amandla okuvelisa amalahle aphucukileyo ukuze kwandiswe ngokufanelekileyo nangokucothayo imveliso yamalahle. Phanda kwaye ukhuthaze umboniso olingwayo wokuhlelwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamalahle okukwinqanaba eliphantsi. Cofa ngokupheleleyo kwincopho yemveliso yamandla amalahle. Ngokuthe chu nangokucwangcisiweyo ukukhuthaza ukupheliswa kwamandla emveliso ngasemva kushishino lwamandla amalahle. Ngo-2021, amandla okubaselwa ngamalahle aya kuba ngaphantsi kwe-50% yomthamo ofakiweyo, avelise ama-60% ombane welizwe, kwaye enze ama-70% emisebenzi encopho. Ukuphumeza ngokupheleleyo "amakhonkco amathathu" okonga amandla amalahle kunye nokunciphisa ikhabhoni, ukuguquguquka kunye nokuguqulwa kokufudumeza. Ngo-2021, izigidi ezingama-240 zeekhilowathi zenguqu zigqityiwe. Kubekwe isiseko esihle sosukelo.
(2) Uphuhliso olukumgangatho ophezulu we-oyile negesi luqhubela phambili. Ukukhuthaza ngokuqinileyo isicwangciso sokusebenza seminyaka esixhenxe sokuphononongwa nophuhliso lwe-oyile nerhasi, kunye nokwandisa ngamandla ukuxilonga nophuhliso lwe-oli negesi. Ngo-2021, ukuveliswa kweoli ekrwada kuya kuba yi-199 yezigidi zeetoni, ezizinzile kwaye ziphinde zibuyele iminyaka emithathu elandelelanayo, kwaye imveliso yegesi yendalo iya kuba yi-cubic metres ye-207.6 yeebhiliyoni zeebhiliyoni, kunye nokunyuka kwee-cubic metres ezingaphezu kweebhiliyoni ezili-10 iminyaka emihlanu ilandelelana. Ukukhawulezisa uphuhliso olukhulu lwemithombo ye-oyile kunye negesi engaqhelekanga. Ngo-2021, imveliso ye-oyile ye-shale iya kuba yi-2.4 yezigidi zeetoni, i-gas ye-shale iya kuba yi-23 yeebhiliyoni zee-cubic metres, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwe-coalbed methane kuya kuba yi-7.7 yebhiliyoni ye-cubic metres, ukugcina ukukhula okulungileyo. Ukukhawulezisa ukwakhiwa kweziseko ezingundoqo ze-oyile negesi, ukukhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwemibhobho emikhulu ye-oyile nerhasi kunye neeprojekthi ezingundoqo zoqhagamshelo, nokuphucula ngakumbi “uthungelwano lwesizwe olunye”. Umthamo wokugcina igesi yendalo uphuculwe ngokukhawuleza, kwaye isikali sokugcinwa kwegesi siphindwe kabini ngaphezu kweminyaka emithathu. Ukukhuthaza ngokuqinileyo ukuphunyezwa kokuphuculwa komgangatho we-oyile esulungekisiweyo, kunye nokuqinisekisa ngokufanelekileyo unikezelo lwepetroli kunye nedizili ehlangabezana nenqanaba lesithandathu elinyanzelekileyo lemigangatho kazwelonke. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-oyile kunye negesi kuya kugcina ukukhula okufanelekileyo, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwe-oyile kunye negesi kuya kubalelwa malunga ne-27.4% yokusetyenziswa kwamandla okuqala ngo-2021.
(3) Ukukhawulezisa ukuphunyezwa kokutshintshwa okucocekileyo kokuphela kokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Imigaqo-nkqubo efana “nezimvo eziSikhokelo malunga nokuKhuthaza ngakumbi ukuFakwa endaweni yoMbane woMbane” yaziswa ukukhuthaza ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kokufakwa kombane kwimimandla engundoqo efana noshishino, ezothutho, ulwakhiwo, ezolimo kunye nemimandla yasemaphandleni. Ukukhuthaza ngokunzulu ukufudumeza okucocekileyo kummandla osemantla. Ekupheleni kwe-2021, indawo yokufudumala ecocekileyo iya kufikelela kwi-15.6 yeebhiliyoni zeemitha zeemitha, kunye nezinga lokufudumeza elicocekileyo le-73.6%, ligqithise kwithagethi ecetywayo, kunye nokutshintsha ngaphezu kwe-150 yezigidi zeetoni zamalahle akhululekile ngokupheleleyo, okuya kunceda ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-PM2.5 kunye nokuphucula umgangatho womoya Umlinganiselo wegalelo lingaphezulu kweyesithathu. Ukukhawulezisa ukwakhiwa kweziseko ezingundoqo zokutshaja isithuthi sombane. Ukususela ngoJulayi kulo nyaka, inani le-3.98 yezigidi zeeyunithi sele zakhiwe, ezinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zophuhliso lwezithuthi zombane. Umboniso wokusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwamandla enyukliya uye wenziwa. Indawo yokufudumeza iyonke yenqanaba lokuqala kunye nelesibini leprojekthi yokufudumeza amandla enyukliya e-Haiyang, kwiPhondo laseShandong lidlule kwi-5 yezigidi zeemitha zesikwere, ukuqonda "ukugubungela ngokupheleleyo" ukufudumeza kwamandla enyukliya kwiSixeko saseHaiyang. IProjekthi yokufudumeza amandla eNyukliya yaseZhejiang Qinshan yaqaliswa ukusebenza ngokusesikweni, yaba yiprojekthi yokuqala yokufudumeza amandla enyukliya kummandla osemazantsi.
Inkqubela phambili ezinzileyo kulwakhiwo lweenkqubo ezintathu zamandla amatsha
(1) Ukukwazi ukwaba izibonelelo zamandla kuwo onke amaphondo kuye kwaphuculwa ngokuthe ngcembe. Gcwalisa kwaye ubeke ukusebenza Yazhong-Jiangxi, Northern Shaanxi-Wuhan, Baihetan-Jiangsu UHV DC kunye namanye amajelo othumelo lwamandla inter-iphondo, ukukhawulezisa ukukhuthazwa Baihetan-Zhejiang, Fujian-Guangdong ezidityanisiweyo iiprojekthi DC, kunye Nanyang-Jingmen-Changsha, enye itshaneli transmission-Wuhan kunye Zhumadian-Wuhan. Ukwakhiwa kweeprojekthi ze-UHV AC kumaphondo nakwimimandla kukhuthaza ngokusebenzayo “iindlela ezintathu ze-AC nezilithoba ezithe ngqo” zokusasaza umbane kumaphondo. Lungelelanisa kwaye ukhuthaze udibaniso lwebhetshi yokuqala yeeprojekthi ezinkulu zamandla omoya we-photovoltaic kwigridi. Ekupheleni kowama-2021, umthamo wokuhanjiswa kwamandla welizwe ukusuka entshona ukuya empuma uya kufikelela kwizigidi ezingama-290 zeekilowathi, ukonyuka nge-20 yezigidi zeekilowathi xa kuthelekiswa nokuphela kuka-2020.
(2) Ikhono lokulungelelanisa oluguquguqukayo lwenkqubo yamandla luphuculwe kakhulu. Ukukhuthaza ukuguquguquka kweeyunithi zamandla amalahle. Ekupheleni kuka-2021, ukuphunyezwa kwenguqu eguquguqukayo kuya kudlula i-100 yezigidi zeekilowatts. Ukuqulunqa nokukhupha iSicwangciso soPhuhliso seXesha eliPhakathi nelide soGcino oluPumped (2021-2035), ukukhuthaza ukuqulunqwa kwezicwangciso zomiliselo ngamaphondo kunye nesicwangciso sokuvunywa komsebenzi weprojekthi “yeSicwangciso seMinyaka emiHlanu” ye-14, nokukhawulezisa ulwakhiwo lweeprojekthi ezihambelana nendalo, ezineemeko ezivuthiweyo, kwaye zinezalathi ezibalaseleyo. Ukusukela ekupheleni kukaJuni kulo nyaka, umthamo ofakiweyo wokugcinwa kompompo ufikelele kwi-42 yezigidi zeekilowatts. IsiCwangciso se-“14 seMinyaka emiHlanu” iSicwangciso sokuPhumeza soPhuhliso loGcino lwaMandla oMtsha sakhutshwa ukuze kukhawuleziswe ukwahlukana, ushishino, kunye nophuhliso olukhulu lokugcinwa kwamandla amatsha. Ekupheleni kuka-2021, umthamo ofakiweyo wokugcinwa kwamandla amatsha uya kudlula i-4 million kilowatts. Ukukhuthaza ulwakhiwo olukhawulezileyo lweeprojekthi zombane werhasi ezifanelekileyo. Ekupheleni kukaJuni kulo nyaka, umthamo ofakiweyo wokuvelisa amandla erhasi yendalo ubumalunga ne-110 lezigidi zeekilowathi, ukwanda okumalunga nezigidi ezili-10 zeekilowathi xa kuthelekiswa nowama-2020. Khokela zonke iindawo ukuba zenze umsebenzi omhle kwimpendulo yemfuno yokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo imfuno yomthwalo ophakamileyo.
Iziqinisekiso ezine zenkxaso yokuguqulwa kwamandla ziyaqhubeka ukomelela
(1) Ukukhawulezisa ukuqhubela phambili kweteknoloji yamandla entsha. Inani lezinto ezintsha eziphambili zenzululwazi kunye nezobuchwepheshe ziye zafumana impumelelo emitsha, iteknoloji yamandla enyukliya ezimeleyo kwisizukulwana sesithathu, yakha iyunithi yombane we-hydropower yesigidi-kilowatt neyona yunithi inkulu emhlabeni, kwaye yahlaziya irekhodi yehlabathi yokuguqulwa kweseli ye-photovoltaic amatyeli amaninzi. Inkqubela-phambili entsha yenziwe kwi-R&D kunye nokusetyenziswa kwethekhinoloji entsha yamandla efana nokugcinwa kwamandla kunye namandla e-hydrogen. Ukuphucula indlela yokuvelisa izinto ezintsha, uqulunqe kwaye ukhuphe “iSicwangciso seMinyaka emiHlanu ye-14 yeNzululwazi kunye neTekhnoloji yoTshintsho kwiNdawo yaMandla”, uhlaziywe iindlela zovavanyo kunye novavanyo lokuqala (iseti) lwezixhobo zobugcisa eziphambili kummandla wamandla, kwaye uququzelele ukusungulwa kwebhetshi yokuqala ye-R&D yamandla esizwe kunye neeplatifti ezintsha ngexesha leSicwangciso seSihlanu kunye “noNyaka we-14.
(2) Uhlaziyo lwesixokelelwano samandla kunye nomatshini luye lwenziwa nzulu ngokuqhubekayo. Ikhutshwe yaze yaphunyezwa “Izimvo eziSikhokelo ngokuKhawuleza uLwakhiwo lweNkqubo yeMarike yoMbane yeSizwe”. Phendula kwisicwangciso sophumezo lolwakhiwo lwemarike yamandla yengingqi esemazantsi. Ulwakhiwo lwendawo yentengiso yombane lwakhuthazwa ngokukhutheleyo nangokucothayo, kwaye ibhetshi yokuqala emithandathu yeendawo zokulinga zombane eziquka i-Shanxi ziqhube umsebenzi wolingo wokuhlaliswa ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Kwisiqingatha sokuqala salo nyaka, umbane wentengiselwano welizwe ojoliswe kwimarike ubuyi-2.5 yetriliyoni ye-kWh, ukonyuka konyaka nonyaka ngama-45.8%, nto leyo ethetha malunga ne-61% yokusetyenziswa kombane kuluntu luphela. Ukuqhuba uhlaziyo oluxubeneyo lobunini kwicandelo lamandla amatsha, uphando kunye nokumisela inani leeprojekthi eziphambili. Ukukhuthaza ukuphucuka kwexabiso lamalahle, ixabiso lombane, kunye nendlela yokwenziwa kwexabiso logcino olumpompelweyo, ukukhulula amandla ombane wegridi yexabiso lombane, ukurhoxisa ixabiso lombane kwimizi-mveliso nelorhwebo, kunye nokukhuthaza abasebenzisi bemizi-mveliso nezorhwebo ukuba bangene emarikeni. Ukukhawulezisa ukuqulunqwa kunye nohlaziyo loMthetho waMandla, uMthetho wamalahle kunye noMthetho waMandla oMbane.
(3) Isiqinisekiso somgaqo-nkqubo sokutshintshwa kwamandla siye saphuculwa ngakumbi. Ikhutshwe kwaye iphunyezwe "iSicwangciso sokuPhunyezwa sokuKhuthaza i-Energy Green kunye ne-Low-Carbon Transformation ukwenza uMsebenzi oMhle we-Carbon Peaking", "Iimbono zokuphucula iNkqubo, iMechanism, kunye neMilinganiselo yoMgaqo-nkqubo woGuquko lwaMandla oMhlaza kunye neKhabhoni ephantsi" kunye neSicwangciso sokuPhunyezwa kwe-Carbon Peaking kwi-Coal, i-oyile kunye ne-Natural Planation ikhutshwe kwi-Industriation Planation Uphuhliso oluphezulu lwamandla amatsha kwiXesha elitsha ", ikhuthaza ngokucwangcisiweyo ukuguqulwa kwekhabhoni eluhlaza kunye nekhabhoni ephantsi, kwaye yenza intsebenziswano yomgaqo-nkqubo.Qinisa uphando kwimiba ephambili kunye nenzima, kwaye uququzelele amaqela afanelekileyo ukuba enze uphando olunzulu kwiindlela zokuguqulwa kwamandla.
Kwinqanaba elilandelayo, iKomishoni yoPhuhliso kunye noHlaziyo lweSizwe kunye noLawulo lweSizwe lwezaMandla luya kuphumeza ngokucokisekileyo umoya weNkongolo yeSizwe ye-20 yeQela lamaKomanisi laseChina, kwaye iqhubeke nokukhuthaza "Iimbono ngokuPheleleyo, ngokuchanekileyo nangokuBanzi ngokuPhumeza iNgcaciso eNtsha yoPhuhliso kunye nokwenza uMsebenzi oMhle weCarbon Peak yeCarbon Neutralality" kunye "nokuphunyezwa kwe-20 yePlanethi yokuPhathwa kweCarbon kuNyaka oPhambili uya kukhuthaza ngokufanelekileyo ukuphunyezwa koluhlu lwemigaqo-nkqubo yokunyuka kwekhabhoni kwicandelo lamandla Ukuqhubela phambili kwiimeko zokwenene zelizwe, kufuneka sibambelele kumgaqo wokubeka phambili ukusekwa, ukuseka ngaphambi kokuqhawula, kunye nokucwangciswa ngokubanzi, ngenkuthalo nangocwangco ukukhuthaza inguqu yamandla eluhlaza kunye nekhabhoni ephantsi ngesiseko sokuqinisekisa unikezelo lwe-eneji yokhuseleko lwamandla, uhlengahlengiso lokubonelela nge-eneji ye-eneji yokhuseleko kunye nohlengahlengiso lwe-carbon chain. imboni yamalahle Lungiselela indibaniselwano ngamandla amatsha, ukomeleza ubuchule bobuchule obutsha kunye nenkqubo kunye nohlaziyo lwenkqubo, kunye nokubonelela ngesiqinisekiso samandla esiluhlaza, esisezantsi, esikhuselekileyo nesithembekileyo sokufikelela injongo yokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni kwincopho yekhabhoni njengoko kucwangcisiwe.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-06-2022
