Ukwakha inkqubo entsha yamandla yiprojekthi entsonkothileyo necwangcisiweyo. Kufuneka iqwalasele ukulungelelaniswa kokhuseleko lwamandla kunye nokuzinza, ukwanda kwenani lamandla amatsha, kunye neendleko ezifanelekileyo zenkqubo ngaxeshanye. Kufuneka ijongane nobudlelwane phakathi kokuguqulwa okucocekileyo kweeyunithi zamandla obushushu, ukungena ngocwangco kwamandla avuselelekayo njengomoya nemvula, ukwakhiwa kolungelelwaniso lwegridi yamandla kunye nokukwazi ukuncedana, kunye nokwabiwa okunengqiqo kwezixhobo eziguquguqukayo. Ucwangciso lwesayensi lwendlela yokwakha inkqubo entsha yamandla sisiseko sokufezekisa injongo yokufikelela kwincopho yekhabhoni kunye nokuthomalalisa ikhabhoni, kwaye ikwangumda kunye nesikhokelo sophuhliso lwezinto ezahlukeneyo kwinkqubo entsha yamandla.
Ekupheleni kuka-2021, amandla afakelweyo ombane wamalahle eTshayina aza kudlula i-1.1 yeebhiliyoni zee-kilowatts, ebalelwa kwi-46.67% yomthamo ofakelweyo we-2.378 yeebhiliyoni zee-kilowatts, kwaye amandla afakelweyo ombane wamalahle aza kuba yi-5042.6 yeebhiliyoni zee-kilowatts iiyure, ebalelwa kwi-60.06% yomthamo opheleleyo oveliselweyo we-8395.9 yeebhiliyoni zee-kilowatts iiyure. Uxinzelelo lokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya lukhulu, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa amandla ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukhuseleko lobonelelo. Amandla afakelweyo ombane womoya kunye nelanga yi-635 yezigidi zee-kilowatts, ebalelwa kwi-11.14% yomthamo opheleleyo wobuchwephesha obuphuhliswayo we-5.7 yeebhiliyoni zee-kilowatts, kwaye amandla okuvelisa umbane yi-982.8 yeebhiliyoni zee-kilowatts iiyure, ebalelwa kwi-11.7% yomthamo opheleleyo wokuvelisa umbane. Amandla afakelweyo kunye namandla okuvelisa umbane ombane kunye nelanga anendawo enkulu yokuphucula, kwaye kufuneka kukhawuleziswe ukungena kwigridi yombane. Kukho ukunqongophala okukhulu kwezixhobo zokuguquguquka kwenkqubo. Umthamo ofakiweyo wemithombo yamandla elawulwayo eguquguqukayo efana nendawo yokugcina empompiweyo kunye nokuveliswa kombane osebenzisa igesi ubandakanya kuphela i-6.1% yomthamo ofakiweyo iyonke. Ngokukodwa, umthamo ofakiweyo wogcino olumpompiweyo yi-36.39 yezigidi zee-kilowatts, ebalelwa kuphela yi-1.53% yomthamo ofakiweyo iyonke. Kufuneka kwenziwe imizamo yokukhawulezisa uphuhliso kunye nolwakhiwo. Ukongeza, itekhnoloji yokulinganisa yedijithali kufuneka isetyenziswe ukuqikelela imveliso yamandla amatsha kwicala lobonelelo, ukulawula ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokusebenzisa amandla olawulo lwecala lemfuno, kunye nokwandisa umlinganiselo wotshintsho oluguquguqukayo lweeseti ezinkulu zejenereyitha yomlilo Ukuphucula amandla egridi yamandla okuphucula ukwabiwa kwezixhobo kuluhlu olukhulu ukujongana nengxaki yomthamo onganeleyo wolawulo lwenkqubo. Kwangaxeshanye, ezinye imibutho ephambili kwinkqubo inokubonelela ngeenkonzo ezinemisebenzi efanayo, njengokumisela ugcino lwamandla kunye nokongeza imigca yokubopha kwigridi yamandla kunokuphucula ukuhamba kwamandla kwendawo, kwaye ukumisela izityalo zamandla zokugcina ezimpompiweyo kunokutshintsha ezinye ii-condenser. Kule meko, uphuhliso oludibeneyo lwesifundo ngasinye, ukwabiwa kwezixhobo ezifanelekileyo, kunye nokonga iindleko zoqoqosho konke kuxhomekeke kucwangciso lwesayensi nolufanelekileyo, kwaye kufuneka kuququzelelwe ukusuka kububanzi obukhulu nakwixesha elide.
Kwixesha lenkqubo yamandla yendabuko ethi "umthombo ulandela umthwalo", ucwangciso lobonelelo lwamandla kunye negridi yamandla eTshayina luneengxaki ezithile. Kwixesha lenkqubo entsha yamandla enophuhliso oluqhelekileyo "lomthombo, igridi, umthwalo kunye nokugcinwa", ukubaluleka kocwangciso oludibeneyo kuyandiswa ngakumbi. Indawo yokugcina epompethiweyo, njengombane ococekileyo noguquguqukayo obalulekileyo kwinkqubo yamandla, idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwegridi enkulu yamandla, ikhonza ukusetyenziswa kwamandla acocekileyo kunye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwenkqubo. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, kufuneka siqinise isikhokelo socwangciso kwaye siqwalasele ngokupheleleyo unxibelelwano phakathi kophuhliso lwethu kunye neemfuno zokwakha inkqubo entsha yamandla. Ukususela oko wangena kwi "Sicwangciso seMinyaka emihlanu yeshumi elinesine", urhulumente uye wakhupha amaxwebhu alandelayo afana neSicwangciso soPhuhliso lweXesha eliPhakathi nelide sokuGcina okuPomped (2021-2035), iSicwangciso soPhuhliso lweXesha eliPhakathi nelide seShishini laMandla eHydrogen (2021-2035), kunye neSicwangciso soPhuhliso lwaMandla aHlaziyiweyo se "Sicwangciso seMinyaka emihlanu yeshumi elinesine" (FGNY [2021] No. 1445), kodwa zikhawulelwe kweli shishini, "Isicwangciso seMinyaka emihlanu yeshumi elinesine" sophuhliso lwamandla, esibaluleke kakhulu kucwangciso olupheleleyo kunye nesikhokelo soshishino lwamandla, asikakhutshwa ngokusesikweni. Kucetyiswa ukuba isebe elinobuchule likazwelonke likhuphe isicwangciso sexesha eliphakathi nelide sokwakhiwa kwenkqubo entsha yamandla ukukhokela ukwenziwa kunye nokulungiswa kwezinye izicwangciso kushishino lwamandla, ukuze kufezekiswe injongo yokwenza ngcono ukwabiwa kwezixhobo.
Uphuhliso oluhambelanayo lweNdawo yokugcina izinto ezipompelweyo kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla amatsha
Ekupheleni kuka-2021, iTshayina sele iqalise ukusebenza nge-5.7297 yezigidi zee-kilowatts zokugcina amandla amatsha, kuquka i-89.7% yeebhetri ze-lithium ion, i-5.9% yeebhetri ze-lead, i-3.2% yomoya ocinezelweyo kunye ne-1.2% yezinye iintlobo. Umthamo ofakiweyo wokugcina okumpompelweyo yi-36.39 yezigidi zee-kilowatts, ngaphezulu kwezihlandlo ezithandathu kunohlobo olutsha lokugcina amandla. Zombini indawo yokugcina amandla amatsha kunye nendawo yokugcina okumpompelweyo zizinto ezibalulekileyo zenkqubo entsha yamandla. Ulungiselelo oludibeneyo kwinkqubo yamandla lunokunika ithuba kwiingenelo zazo kwaye luphucule ngakumbi amandla okulawula inkqubo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho umahluko ocacileyo phakathi kwezi zimbini kwiimeko zomsebenzi kunye nezicelo.
Ugcino lwamandla olutsha lubhekisa kwiiteknoloji ezintsha zokugcina amandla ngaphandle kwendawo yokugcina empompiweyo, kubandakanya ugcino lwamandla e-electrochemical, i-flywheel, umoya ocinezelweyo, ugcino lwamandla e-hydrogen (ammonia), njl. Uninzi lwezikhululo zamandla ezintsha zokugcina amandla zinezibonelelo zexesha elifutshane lokwakha kunye nokukhethwa kwendawo elula neguquguqukayo, kodwa uqoqosho lwangoku alufanelekanga. Phakathi kwazo, isikali sokugcina amandla e-electrochemical ngokubanzi yi-10 ~ 100 MW, kunye nesantya sokuphendula samashumi ukuya kumakhulu ee-millisecond, uxinano lwamandla aphezulu, kunye nokuchaneka okuhle kohlengahlengiso. Ifanelekile kakhulu kwiimeko zokusetyenziswa kokucheba okuphezulu okusasazwayo, okuhlala kuqhagamshelwe kwinethiwekhi yokusasazwa kwe-voltage ephantsi okanye kwicala lesikhululo samandla esitsha, kwaye kufanelekile ngobuchwephesha kwiindawo zohlengahlengiso oluqhelekileyo nolukhawulezayo, njengokuguqulwa kwamaza okuqala kunye nokuguqulwa kwamaza okwesibini. Ugcino lwamandla omoya ocinezelweyo luthatha umoya njengendawo ephakathi, eneempawu zomthamo omkhulu, amaxesha amaninzi okutshaja nokukhupha, kunye nobomi benkonzo ende. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwangoku kuphantsi kakhulu. Ugcino lwamandla omoya ocinezelweyo lolona buchwepheshe bokugcina amandla obufana kakhulu nogcino oluphompiweyo. Kwintlango, i-gobi, intlango kunye nezinye iindawo apho kungafanelekanga ukulungiselela indawo yokugcina empompiweyo, ulungiselelo lokugcina amandla omoya ocinezelweyo lunokubambisana ngempumelelo nokusetyenziswa kwamandla amatsha kwiindawo ezinkulu zembonakalo, kunye namathuba amakhulu ophuhliso; Amandla e-hydrogen ngumthwali obalulekileyo wokusetyenziswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo ngobuninzi nangokufanelekileyo. Iimpawu zawo zokugcina amandla amakhulu kunye nexesha elide zinokukhuthaza ukwabiwa ngokufanelekileyo kwamandla ahlukeneyo kwimimandla kunye namaxesha onyaka. Liyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yamandla yesizwe yexesha elizayo kwaye linamathuba amaninzi okusetyenziswa.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, izitishi zamandla zokugcina ezimpompiweyo zinokuvuthwa okuphezulu kobuchwephesha, amandla amakhulu, ubomi benkonzo ende, ukuthembeka okuphezulu kunye noqoqosho oluhle. Zifanelekile kwiimeko ezinemfuno enkulu yomthamo wokucheba okanye amandla okucheba aphezulu, kwaye ziqhagamshelwe kwinethiwekhi ephambili kwinqanaba eliphezulu levolthi. Xa kujongwa iimfuno ze-carbon peak kunye ne-carbon neutralization kunye nenyani yokuba inkqubela phambili yophuhliso lwangaphambili isemva kancinci, ukuze kukhawuleziswe inkqubela phambili yophuhliso lwesitoreji esimpompiweyo kunye nokufezekisa iimfuno zokwanda ngokukhawuleza komthamo ofakiweyo, isantya sokwakhiwa okusemgangathweni kwezitishi zamandla zokugcina ezimpompiweyo eTshayina siye sakhawuleziswa ngakumbi. Ukwakhiwa okusemgangathweni sisilinganiselo esibalulekileyo sokujongana nobunzima kunye nemingeni eyahlukeneyo emva kokuba isikhululo samandla sokugcina esimpompiweyo singene kwixesha eliphezulu lophuhliso, ukwakhiwa kunye nemveliso. Inceda ukukhawulezisa inkqubela phambili yokwenziwa kwezixhobo kunye nokuphucula umgangatho, ukukhuthaza ukhuseleko kunye nocwangco lokwakhiwa kweziseko zophuhliso, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, ukusebenza kunye nolawulo, kwaye sisiqinisekiso esibalulekileyo sophuhliso lwesitoreji esimpompiweyo ukuya kwicala elingatyebanga.
Kwangaxeshanye, uphuhliso olwahlukeneyo lweendawo zokugcina amanzi ezimpompiweyo nalo luxatyiswa kancinci kancinci. Okokuqala, isicwangciso sexesha eliphakathi nelide sokugcina amanzi ezimpompiweyo sicebisa ukuqinisa uphuhliso lweendawo zokugcina amanzi ezimpompiweyo ezincinci neziphakathi. Indawo yokugcina amanzi ezimpompiweyo encinci neziphakathi inezibonelelo zezixhobo ezityebileyo zesiza, uyilo oluguquguqukayo, ukusondela kwiziko lomthwalo, kunye nokuhlanganiswa okusondeleyo namandla amatsha asasazwayo, okusisongezo esibalulekileyo kuphuhliso lweendawo zokugcina amanzi ezimpompiweyo. Okwesibini kukuhlola uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwendawo yokugcina amanzi ezimpompiweyo emanzini olwandle. Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla omoya amakhulu angaphandle kufuneka kulungiselelwe ngezixhobo zohlengahlengiso eziguquguqukayo ezifanelekileyo. NgokweSaziso sokuPapasha Iziphumo zeSibonelelo seZityalo zoLondolozo lwaMandla eziPompiweyo zaManzi oLwandle (GNXN [2017] No. 68) esakhutshwa ngo-2017, izixhobo zokugcina amanzi ezimpompiweyo zamanzi olwandle zaseTshayina zigxile kakhulu kwiindawo zaselunxwemeni nakwiziqithi zamaphondo amahlanu aselunxwemeni olusempuma kunye namaphondo amathathu aselunxwemeni olusempuma, Inethuba elihle lophuhliso. Okokugqibela, amandla afakiweyo kunye neeyure zokusetyenziswa zithathwa njengezinto zizonke kunye nemfuno yokulawula igridi yamandla. Njengoko inani lamandla amatsha lisanda kwaye umkhwa wokuba ngumthombo ophambili wobonelelo lwamandla kwixesha elizayo, amandla amakhulu kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla ixesha elide kuya kufuneka. Kwindawo yesikhululo esifanelekileyo, kuya kuqwalaselwa ngokufanelekileyo ukwandisa amandla okugcina kunye nokwandisa iiyure zokusetyenziswa, kwaye akuyi kuba phantsi komda wezinto ezifana ne-unit capacity cost index kwaye yahlulwe kwimfuno yenkqubo.
Ngoko ke, kwimeko yangoku yokuba inkqubo yamandla yaseTshayina inqongophele kakhulu kwizixhobo eziguquguqukayo, indawo yokugcina epompelweyo kunye nendawo yokugcina amandla amatsha zinamathuba abanzi ophuhliso. Ngokweeyantlukwano kwiimpawu zazo zobugcisa, phantsi kwengcamango yokuqwalaselwa ngokupheleleyo kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokufikelela, kunye neemfuno zokwenyani zenkqubo yamandla yengingqi, kwaye ithintelwe lukhuseleko, uzinzo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla acocekileyo kunye neminye imiqathango yemida, ulwakhiwo lwentsebenziswano kufuneka lwenziwe ngokwesakhono kunye noyilo ukuze kufezekiswe isiphumo esifanelekileyo.
Impembelelo yendlela yokubeka amaxabiso ombane kuphuhliso lweendawo zokugcina ezimpompiweyo
Indawo yokugcina umbane epompethiweyo inceda yonke inkqubo yombane, kuquka umbane, igridi yombane kunye nabasebenzisi, kwaye onke amaqela ayazuza kuyo ngendlela engakhuphisaniyo nengakhethiyo. Ngokwembono yezoqoqosho, iimveliso ezibonelelwa yindawo yokugcina umbane epompethiweyo ziimveliso zikawonke-wonke zenkqubo yombane kwaye zibonelela ngeenkonzo zikawonke-wonke ukuze inkqubo yombane isebenze kakuhle.
Ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa kwenkqubo yamandla ombane, urhulumente wayekhuphe imigaqo-nkqubo yokucacisa ukuba indawo yokugcina epompethiweyo ikakhulu ikhonza igridi yamandla, kwaye iqhutywa ikakhulu ngamashishini asebenzayo egridi yamandla ngendlela edibeneyo okanye eqeshisiweyo. Ngelo xesha, urhulumente wayeyila ngokufanayo ixabiso lombane kwigridi kunye nexabiso lombane lokuthengisa. Ingeniso ephambili yegridi yamandla yayivela kumahluko wexabiso lokuthenga kunye nelokuthengisa. Umgaqo-nkqubo okhoyo ngokusisiseko wawuchaza ukuba iindleko zokugcina ezipompethiweyo kufuneka zibuyiselwe kumahluko wexabiso lokuthenga kunye nelokuthengisa kwigridi yamandla, kwaye wadibanisa itshaneli yokutsala.
Emva kokuguqulwa kwexabiso lombane wokuhambisa nokusasazwa, iSaziso seKhomishini yoPhuhliso noHlaziyo yeSizwe kwiMiba eNxulumene noPhuculo lweNdlela yokuQala amaxabiso eZityalo zoMbane zokugcina eziPompelweyo (FGJG [2014] No. 1763) sacacisa ukuba ixabiso lombane elinamacandelo amabini lisetyenziswe kumandla okugcina apompelweyo, nto leyo eyaqinisekiswa ngokwemigaqo yeendleko ezifanelekileyo kunye nengeniso evumelekileyo. Intlawulo yombane womthamo kunye nokulahleka kokupompa kwezityalo zombane zokugcina ezipompelweyo kubandakanyiwe kwi-united accounting yeendleko zokusebenza kwegridi yombane yephondo (okanye igridi yombane yengingqi) njengento yokulungisa amaxabiso ombane wentengiso, kodwa itshaneli yokudlulisela iindleko ayilungiswanga. Emva koko, iKhomishini yoPhuhliso noHlaziyo yeSizwe yakhupha amaxwebhu ngokulandelelana ngo-2016 nango-2019, ichaza ukuba iindleko ezifanelekileyo zezityalo zombane zokugcina ezipompelweyo azibandakanywanga kwingeniso evumelekileyo yamashishini egridi yombane, kwaye iindleko zezityalo zombane zokugcina ezipompelweyo azibandakanywanga kwiindleko zokudlulisela nokusabalalisa amaxabiso, nto leyo eyathintela ngakumbi indlela yokuhambisa iindleko zokugcina ezipompelweyo. Ukongeza, isikali sophuhliso lwendawo yokugcina izinto ezimpompiweyo ngexesha le-"13th Five Year Plan" sasiphantsi kakhulu kunokuba besilindele ngenxa yokungaqondi kakuhle indawo yokusebenza kwendawo yokugcina izinto ezimpompiweyo ngelo xesha kunye nomntu omnye otyala imali.
Ijongene nale ngxaki, iZimvo zeKhomishini yoPhuhliso lweSizwe kunye noHlaziyo malunga nokuPhucula ngakumbi indlela yoXabiso lweMisebenzi yoGcino oluPhutshiweyo (i-FGJG [2021] No. 633) yaqaliswa ngoMeyi 2021. Lo mgaqo-nkqubo uchaze ngokwesayensi umgaqo-nkqubo wexabiso lombane wamandla okugcina aphutshiweyo. Kwelinye icala, kunye nenyaniso yokuba uphawu loluntu lwamandla okugcina aphutshiweyo lunamandla kwaye iindleko azinakubuyiselwa ngombane, indlela yokuxabisa ixesha lokusebenza yasetyenziswa ukuqinisekisa ixabiso lomthamo kunye nokubuyisela ngexabiso lokuhambisa nokusasaza; Kwelinye icala, kunye nesantya sokuguqulwa kwemarike yamandla, imakethi yendawo yexabiso lombane iyahlolwa. Ukwaziswa komgaqo-nkqubo kukhuthaze ngamandla ukuzimisela kotyalo-mali lwezifundo zentlalo, kubeka isiseko esiqinileyo sophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwesitoreji esiphutshiweyo. Ngokwezibalo, amandla eeprojekthi zokugcina eziphutshiweyo eziqalisiweyo, ezisakhiwayo kwaye eziphantsi kokunyusa afikelele kwi-130 yezigidi zee-kilowatts. Ukuba zonke iiprojekthi ezakhiwayo neziphantsi kophuhliso ziqaliswa ukusebenza ngaphambi kowama-2030, oku kuphezulu kunokulindelekileyo kokuba “ii-kilowatts ezili-120 ezigidi ziya kufakwa kwimveliso ngo-2030″ kwiSicwangciso soPhuhliso seXesha eliPhakathi nelide sokuGcina okuPompethiweyo (2021-2035). Xa kuthelekiswa nendlela yemveli yokuvelisa amandla e-fossil, iindleko ezingaphantsi kokuveliswa kwamandla amatsha njengomoya namandla ziphantse zibe zero, kodwa iindleko zokusetyenziswa kwenkqubo efanayo zinkulu kwaye azinandlela yokwabiwa nokudluliselwa. Kwimeko enjalo, kwinkqubo yokuguqulwa kwamandla, kwizixhobo ezineempawu zoluntu eziqinileyo ezifana nokugcinwa okupompethiweyo, inkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nesikhokelo ziyafuneka kwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso ukuqinisekisa uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo lweshishini. Phantsi kwemeko-bume echanekileyo yokuba isikali sophuhliso lwe-pompethiweyo yokugcina i-China sibuyela umva kwaye ixesha le-carbon peak neutralization carbon lifutshane, ukungeniswa komgaqo-nkqubo omtsha wamaxabiso ombane kudlale indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni uphuhliso lweshishini lokugcina i-pompethiweyo.
Utshintsho kwicala lobonelelo lwamandla ukusuka kumandla aqhelekileyo e-fossil ukuya kumandla avuselelekayo ahlala ixesha elide lumisela ukuba ixabiso eliphambili lamaxabiso ombane liyatshintsha ukusuka kwixabiso lamafutha e-fossil ukuya kwixabiso lamandla avuselelekayo kunye nolawulo oluguquguqukayo lokwakhiwa kwezixhobo. Ngenxa yobunzima kunye nohlobo lwexesha elide lotshintsho, inkqubo yokumiselwa kwenkqubo yokuvelisa amandla esekwe kumalahle yaseTshayina kunye nenkqubo entsha yamandla esekwe kumandla avuselelekayo iya kuhlala ixesha elide, nto leyo efuna ukuba siqinise ngakumbi injongo yemozulu yokufikelela kwi-carbon peak kunye nokunciphisa i-carbon. Ekuqaleni kotshintsho lwamandla, ukwakhiwa kweziseko zophuhliso ezinegalelo elikhulu ekukhuthazeni utshintsho lwamandla acocekileyo kufuneka luqhutywe yimigaqo-nkqubo kwaye luqhutywe yimarike, Ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kunye nesikhokelo esingalunganga sokufuna inzuzo enkulu kwisicwangciso siphela, kunye nokuqinisekisa indlela echanekileyo yokuguqulwa kwamandla acocekileyo naphantsi kwe-carbon.
Ngophuhliso olupheleleyo lwamandla avuselelekayo kwaye kancinci kancinci abe ngumboneleli oyintloko wamandla, ukwakhiwa kwemarike yamandla yaseTshayina kuyaqhubeka nokuphucula nokuvuthwa. Izixhobo zolawulo eziguquguqukayo ziya kuba yimfuno ephambili kwinkqubo entsha yamandla, kwaye ukunikezelwa kwendawo yokugcina epompethiweyo kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla amatsha kuya kwanela ngakumbi. Ngelo xesha, ukwakhiwa kwamandla avuselelekayo kunye nezixhobo zolawulo eziguquguqukayo kuya kuqhutywa ikakhulu ngamandla emarike, Indlela yamaxabiso yokugcina epompethiweyo kunye nezinye iziseko eziphambili ziya kubonisa ngokwenene ubudlelwane phakathi kokunikezelwa kwemarike kunye nemfuno, kubonakalisa ukhuphiswano olupheleleyo.
Qonda ngokuchanekileyo isiphumo sokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwindawo yokugcina epompelweyo
Isikhululo samandla sokugcina umbane esimpompiweyo sineengenelo ezibalulekileyo zokonga amandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya. Kwinkqubo yamandla yendabuko, indima yokugcina umbane empompiweyo kulondolozo lwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya ibonakala kakhulu kwiinkalo ezimbini. Eyokuqala kukutshintsha amandla obushushu kwinkqubo ukuze kulawulwe umthwalo ophezulu, ukuvelisa amandla xa umthwalo uphezulu, ukunciphisa inani lokuqalisa kunye nokuvala iiyunithi zamandla obushushu ukuze kulawulwe umthwalo ophezulu, kunye nokupompa amanzi xa umthwalo uphantsi, ukuze kuncitshiswe uluhlu lomthwalo woxinzelelo lweeyunithi zamandla obushushu, ngaloo ndlela kudlala indima yokugcina amandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya. Eyesibini kukudlala indima yokhuseleko kunye nenkxaso yozinzo efana nokuguqulwa kwamaza, ukuguquguquka kwesigaba, ukugcinwa kwerotary kunye nokugcinwa komoya ongxamisekileyo, kunye nokunyusa izinga lomthwalo wazo zonke iiyunithi zamandla obushushu kwinkqubo xa kutshintshwa iiyunithi zamandla obushushu ukuze kugcinwe umbane ongxamisekileyo, ukuze kuncitshiswe ukusetyenziswa kwamalahle kweeyunithi zamandla obushushu kwaye kufezekiswe indima yokugcina amandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya.
Ngokwakhiwa kwenkqubo entsha yamandla, ukonga amandla kunye nesiphumo sokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya kwindawo yokugcina empompiweyo kubonisa iimpawu ezintsha kwisiseko esikhoyo. Kwelinye icala, iya kudlala indima enkulu ekuchebeni okuphezulu ukunceda ukusetyenziswa komoya omkhulu kunye nezinye iigridi ezintsha zamandla eziqhagamshelweyo, okuya kuzisa iingenelo ezinkulu zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya kwinkqubo iyonke; Kwelinye icala, iya kudlala indima ekhuselekileyo nezinzileyo yokuxhasa efana nokuguqulwa kwamaza, ukuguqulwa kwesigaba kunye nokulinda okujikelezayo ukunceda inkqubo yoyise iingxaki ezifana nokuveliswa kwamandla amatsha okungazinzi kunye nokungabikho kwe-inertia ebangelwa yinxalenye ephezulu yezixhobo ze-elektroniki zamandla, ukuphucula ngakumbi umlinganiselo wokungena kwamandla amatsha kwinkqubo yamandla, ukuze kuncitshiswe ukukhutshwa okubangelwa kukusetyenziswa kwamandla e-fossil. Izinto ezichaphazela imfuno yokulawulwa kwenkqubo yamandla ziquka iimpawu zomthwalo, umlinganiselo woqhagamshelo lwegridi entsha yamandla kunye nokudluliselwa kwamandla angaphandle kwengingqi. Ngokwakhiwa kwenkqubo entsha yamandla, impembelelo yoqhagamshelo lwegridi entsha yamandla kwimfuno yokulawulwa kwenkqubo yamandla iya kudlula kancinci iimpawu zomthwalo, kwaye indima yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni yendawo yokugcina empompiweyo kule nkqubo iya kuba nkulu ngakumbi.
I-China inomsebenzi onzima wexesha elifutshane nonzima wokufezekisa incopho yekhabhoni kunye nokungathinteli ikhabhoni. IKhomishini yoPhuhliso noHlaziyo yeSizwe ikhuphe iSicwangciso soPhuculo loLawulo oluBini loBuchule bokusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye neSixa esipheleleyo (FGHZ [2021] No. 1310) sokunika izalathisi zolawulo lokukhutshwa komoya kuzo zonke iindawo zelizwe ukulawula ngokufanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. Ke ngoko, umxholo onokudlala indima ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa komoya kufuneka uhlolwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye unikwe ingqwalasela efanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, okwangoku, iingenelo zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya komoya kwisitoreji esipompiweyo azikaqatshelwa ngokuchanekileyo. Okokuqala, iiyunithi ezifanelekileyo azinaso isiseko semfundo esifana nendlela yokwenza ikhabhoni kulawulo lwamandla ogcino olumpompelweyo, kwaye okwesibini, imigaqo yokusebenza yokugcina ipompo kwezinye iindawo zoluntu ngaphandle koshishino lwamandla ayikaqondwa kakuhle, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni kuchazwe ngoku ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwabanye abaqhubi bokurhweba ngokukhupha ikhabhoni kwizityalo zamandla zokugcina ipompo ngokwemigaqo yeshishini (iyunithi) yokubalwa kwekhabhoni diokside kunye nengxelo, kwaye kuthathwe wonke umbane ompompelweyo njengesiseko sokubala ukukhutshwa, Isikhululo samandla sokugcina ipompo siye saba "yiyunithi yokukhupha isitshixo", nto leyo ebangela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu ekusebenzeni okuqhelekileyo kwesikhululo samandla sokugcina ipompo, kwaye ikwabangela ukungaqondani okukhulu kuluntu.
Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukuze kuqondwe ngokuchanekileyo isiphumo sokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwindawo yokugcina epompethiweyo kunye nokulungisa indlela yayo yokulawula ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kuyimfuneko ukuseka indlela efanelekileyo kunye neenzuzo zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwindawo yokugcina epompethiweyo kwinkqubo yamandla, ukulinganisa iingenelo zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwindawo yokugcina epompethiweyo, kunye nokwenza isaphulelo ngokuchasene nesabelo esinganelanga ngaphakathi, esinokusetyenziselwa iintengiselwano zangaphandle zemarike yekhabhoni. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuqala okungacacanga kwe-CCER kunye nomda we-5% kwi-offset yokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, kukwakho nokungaqiniseki kuphuhliso lwendlela. Ngokusekelwe kwimeko yangoku, kucetyiswa ukuba ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa kuthathwe ngokucacileyo njengesalathisi esiphambili solawulo lweenjongo zokusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokonga amandla zezityalo zamandla zokugcina epompethiweyo kwinqanaba likazwelonke, ukuze kuncitshiswe imida kuphuhliso olusempilweni lwendawo yokugcina epompethiweyo kwixesha elizayo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-29-2022
