Ukwakha inkqubo entsha yamandla yiprojekthi entsonkothileyo necwangcisiweyo. Kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo ukulungelelaniswa kokhuseleko lwamandla kunye nokuzinza, umlinganiselo okhulayo wamandla amatsha, kunye neendleko ezifanelekileyo zenkqubo ngexesha elifanayo. Kufuneka ijongane nobudlelwane phakathi kwenguqu ecocekileyo yeeyunithi zamandla obushushu, ukungena ngocwangco kwamandla ahlaziyekayo afana nomoya nemvula, ukwakhiwa kolungelelwaniso lwegridi yamandla kunye nobuchule bokuncedisana, kunye nolwabiwo olunengqiqo lwezibonelelo ezibhetyebhetye. Ucwangciso lwezenzululwazi lwendlela yokwakha yenkqubo entsha yamandla sisiseko sokufezekisa injongo ye-carbon peaking kunye ne-carbon neutralization, kwaye kwakhona ngumda kunye nesikhokelo sokuphuhliswa kwamaqumrhu ahlukeneyo kwinkqubo entsha yamandla.
Ekupheleni kuka-2021, umthamo ofakiweyo wamandla amalahle e-China uya kudlula i-1.1 yebhiliyoni yeekilowatts, ethatha i-46.67% yomthamo ofakiweyo we-2.378 yebhiliyoni zeekilowatts, kunye nomthamo owenziweyo wamandla wamalahle uya kuba yi-5042.6 yebhiliyoni yeeyure ze-kilowatt, ezibalelwa kwi-60.06 yeeyure ze-83.9 ze-8. Uxinzelelo ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kukhulu, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa umthamo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukhuseleko lokubonelela. Umthamo ofakelweyo wamandla omoya namandla elanga zizigidi ezingama-635 zeekilowathi, ezibalelwa kwi-11.14% kuphela yomthamo ophuhliswayo wobuchwephesha we-5.7 yeebhiliyoni zeekhilowathi, kwaye umthamo wokuvelisa amandla ngama-982.8 eebhiliyoni zeekilowatt iiyure, ezibalelwa kwi-11.7% kuphela yomthamo opheleleyo wokuvelisa umbane. Umthamo ofakelweyo kunye nomthamo wokuvelisa amandla omoya kunye namandla elanga anendawo enkulu yokuphucula, kwaye kufuneka kukhawuleziswe ukungena kwigridi yamandla. Kukho ukunqongophala okukhulu kwezixhobo zokuguquguquka kwenkqubo. Umthamo ofakelweyo wemithombo yamandla elawulwayo ebhetyebhetye efana nogcino olumpontshwayo kunye nokuveliswa kombane obaswa ngerhasi kubalela kuphela i-6.1% yomthamo uwonke ofakiweyo. Ngokukodwa, umthamo ofakiweyo ogciniweyo wokugcinwa kompompo yi-36.39 yezigidi ze-kilowatts, ibalwa kuphela i-1.53% yomthamo ofakiweyo. Kufuneka kwenziwe iinzame zokukhawulezisa uphuhliso nolwakhiwo. Ukongeza, iteknoloji yokulinganisa idijithali kufuneka isetyenziswe ukuqikelela imveliso yamandla amatsha kwicala lonikezelo, ngokuchanekileyo ukulawula kunye nokucofa amandla olawulo lwecala lemfuno, kunye nokwandisa umlinganiselo wenguqu eguquguqukayo yeesethi ezinkulu zejeneretha zomlilo Ukuphucula amandla ombane wegridi yokwandisa ulwabiwo lwezibonelelo kuluhlu olukhulu ukujongana nengxaki yokungonelanga kwamandla olawulo lwenkqubo. Ngexesha elifanayo, ezinye izidumbu eziphambili kwinkqubo zinokubonelela ngeenkonzo ezinemisebenzi efanayo, njengokuqwalasela ukugcinwa kwamandla kunye nokongeza imigca yokubopha kwigridi yamandla inokuphucula ukuhamba kwamandla wendawo, kunye nokuqulunqa izityalo zamandla okugcina impompo zinokuthatha indawo yezinye i-condensers. Kule meko, uphuhliso olulungelelanisiweyo lwesifundo ngasinye, ulwabiwo olulolona lufanelekileyo lwezibonelelo, kunye nokonga kweendleko zoqoqosho zonke zixhomekeke kucwangciso lwenzululwazi nolunengqiqo, kwaye kufuneka zilungelelaniswe ukusuka kumda omkhulu nakwisikali sexesha elide.
Kwixesha lenkqubo yamandla emveli "umthombo ulandela umthwalo", ukucwangciswa kokunikezelwa kwamandla kunye negridi yamandla eChina kuneengxaki ezithile. Ngexesha lenkqubo entsha yamandla kunye nophuhliso oluqhelekileyo "lomthombo, igridi, umthwalo kunye nokugcinwa", ukubaluleka kokucwangciswa kokubambisana kwandiswa ngakumbi. Ukugcinwa kompompo, njengombane obalulekileyo ococekileyo kunye noguquguqukayo kwinkqubo yamandla, idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwegridi yamandla amakhulu, ukukhonza ukusetyenziswa kwamandla acocekileyo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwenkqubo. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, kufuneka someleze isikhokelo sokucwangcisa kwaye siqwalasele ngokupheleleyo unxibelelwano phakathi kophuhliso lwethu kunye neemfuno zokwakhiwa kwenkqubo entsha yamandla. Ukusukela ekungeneni "kwiSicwangciso seMinyaka yeshumi elineSine", urhulumente uye wakhupha ngokulandelelana amaxwebhu anje ngeSicwangciso soPhuhliso seXesha eliPhakathi kunye neLide lokuGcinwa kwePumped (2021-2035), iSicwangciso soPhuhliso seXesha eliPhakathi nelide loShishino lwaMandla eHydrogen (2021-2035), kunye neSicwangciso soPhuhliso lwaMandla aHlaziywayo "kwiSicwangciso seMinyaka yeshumi elineSine" (i-245) ilinganiselwe kwi-2035, kodwa i-2035 iphelile. “Isicwangciso seMinyaka yeShumi elineSine” sophuhliso lwamandla, olubaluleke kakhulu kwisicwangciso ngokubanzi kunye nesikhokelo soshishino lwamandla, asikakhutshwa ngokusemthethweni. Kucetyiswa ukuba isebe elinobuchule kuzwelonke kufuneka likhuphe isicwangciso sexesha eliphakathi kunye nexesha elide sokwakhiwa kwenkqubo entsha yamandla ukukhokela ukuqulunqwa nokulungelelaniswa kohlengahlengiso lwezinye izicwangciso kushishino lwamandla, ukuze kuphunyezwe injongo yokwandisa ulwabiwo lwezibonelelo.
Uphuhliso lweSynergistic loGcino oluPumped kunye noGcino lwaMandla amatsha
Ekupheleni kwe-2021, i-China ifake i-5.7297 yezigidi ze-kilowatts zokugcinwa kwamandla amatsha, kuquka i-89.7% yeebhetri ze-lithium ion, i-5.9% yeebhetri ezikhokelayo, i-3.2% yomoya oxinyiweyo kunye ne-1.2% yezinye iifom. Umthamo ofakiweyo wokugcinwa kompompo yi-36.39 yezigidi ze-kilowatts, ngaphezu kwezihlandlo ezithandathu zohlobo olutsha lokugcina amandla. Zombini ugcino lwamandla amatsha kunye nokugcinwa kompompo zizinto ezibalulekileyo zenkqubo yamandla entsha. Ulungelelwaniso oludityanisiweyo kwinkqubo yamandla lunokunika umdlalo kwiingenelo zabo ezifanelekileyo kunye nokuphucula ngakumbi amandla olawulo lwenkqubo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho umahluko ocacileyo phakathi kwezi zimbini ekusebenzeni kunye neemeko zesicelo.
Ukugcinwa kwamandla amatsha kubhekisela kubuchwephesha obutsha bokugcina amandla ngaphandle kokugcinwa kwempompo, kubandakanywa ukugcinwa kwamandla e-electrochemical, i-flywheel, umoya oxinyiweyo, i-hydrogen (ammonia) ukugcinwa kwamandla, njl njl. Uninzi lwezikhululo zamandla okugcina amandla amatsha zineenzuzo zexesha elifutshane lokwakha kunye nokukhethwa kwendawo elula kwaye eguquguqukayo, kodwa uqoqosho lwangoku alufanelekanga. Phakathi kwazo, isikali sogcino lwamandla e-electrochemical siqhelekile ukuba yi-10 ~ 100 MW, kunye nesantya sokuphendula samashumi ukuya kumakhulu eemilliseconds, ukuxinana kwamandla aphezulu, kunye nokuchaneka kohlengahlengiso olulungileyo. Ilungele ubukhulu becala iimeko ezisasaziweyo zokutsheva, ezidla ngokuqhagamshelwa kuthungelwano losasazo lwe-voltage ephantsi okanye icala lesikhululo samandla esitsha, kwaye ifanelekile ngokobuchwephesha uhlengahlengiso oluqhelekileyo nolukhawulezayo lwemekobume, njengokumodareyitha okusisiseko kunye nokumodareyithwa kwamaza okwesibini. Ukugcinwa kwamandla omoya ocinezelweyo kuthatha umoya njengento ephakathi, eneempawu zomthamo omkhulu, amaxesha amaninzi okutshaja nokukhupha, kunye nobomi benkonzo ende. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwangoku kuphantsi. Ugcino lwamandla omoya ocinezelweyo yeyona nto ifana neteknoloji yokugcina amandla kugcino olumpompelweyo. Kwintlango, i-gobi, intlango kunye nezinye iindawo apho kungafanelekanga ukulungiselela ukugcinwa kwempompo, ilungiselelo lokugcinwa kwamandla omoya ocinezelweyo unokubambisana ngokufanelekileyo nokusetyenziswa kwamandla amatsha kwiziseko zeendawo ezinkulu, kunye namandla amakhulu ophuhliso; Amandla e-Hydrogen ngumthwalo obalulekileyo wokusetyenziswa kwamandla amakhulu kunye nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwamandla ahlaziyekayo. Iimpawu zayo ezinkulu kunye nexesha elide zokugcina amandla zinokukhuthaza ulwabiwo olufanelekileyo lwamandla ahlukeneyo kwimimandla kunye namaxesha onyaka. Yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yamandla kazwelonke yexesha elizayo kwaye inethuba elibanzi lokusetyenziswa.
Ngokwahlukileyo, izikhululo zamandla ezimpompe zinokukhula okuphezulu kobugcisa, umthamo omkhulu, ubomi benkonzo ende, ukuthembeka okuphezulu kunye noqoqosho oluhle. Zizilungele iimeko ezinemfuno enkulu yomthamo wokutsheva okanye imfuno yokusheva ngamandla, kwaye ziqhagamshelwe kumnatha oyintloko kwinqanaba lombane eliphezulu. Ukuqwalasela iimfuno ze-carbon peak kunye ne-carbon neutralization kunye nenyaniso yokuba uphuhliso lwangaphambili lwenkqubela phambili lusemva, ukwenzela ukukhawulezisa inkqubela phambili yophuhliso lokugcinwa kwempompo kunye nokufezekisa iimfuno zokunyuka ngokukhawuleza komthamo ofakiweyo, isantya sokwakhiwa okusemgangathweni kwezikhululo zamandla zokugcina ezimpontshwa e-China ziye zakhawuleziswa ngakumbi. Ukwakhiwa okusemgangathweni ngumlinganiselo obalulekileyo wokujongana nobunzima kunye nemingeni eyahlukahlukeneyo emva kokuba isikhululo samandla esimpompelweyo singene kwixesha eliphakamileyo lophuhliso, ukwakhiwa kunye nemveliso. Inceda ukukhawulezisa inkqubela yokwenziwa kwezixhobo kunye nokuphucula umgangatho, ukukhuthaza ukhuseleko kunye nocwangco lolwakhiwo lweziseko ezingundoqo, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, ukusebenza kunye nolawulo, kwaye sisiqinisekiso esibalulekileyo sophuhliso logcino olumpompelweyo ukuya kwicala elithambileyo.
Ngexesha elifanayo, uphuhliso oluhlukeneyo lokugcinwa kwempompo kwakhona luxabiswa ngokuthe ngcembe. Okokuqala, isicwangciso sexesha eliphakathi kunye nexesha elide lokugcinwa kwempompo sicebisa ukuqinisa uphuhliso lwendawo encinci kunye nephakathi. Ukugcinwa kompompo omncinci kunye nobukhulu obuphakathi kuneenzuzo zemithombo yesiza esityebileyo, ukwakheka okuguquguqukayo, ukusondela kwiziko lomthwalo, kunye nokudibanisa ngokusondeleyo kunye nokusabalalisa amandla amatsha, okuyiyo yongezelela ebalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni ukugcinwa kompompo. Okwesibini kukuhlola uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kogcino olumpontshwayo lwamanzi olwandle. Usetyenziso oludityanisiweyo lwegridi yamandla amakhulu omoya ngaphandle konxweme kufuneka lulungiswe ngezibonelelo ezihambelanayo zohlengahlengiso. Ngokutsho kweSaziso sokuPapasha iZiphumo zoBalo loMthombo weZityalo zaMandla oGcino lwaManzi oLwandle oluPumped Storage (GNXN [2017] No. 68) olukhutshwe ngo-2017, imithombo yogcino lwamanzi olwandle lwaseTshayina lugxininiswe kakhulu kwi-offshore nakwimimandla yesiqithi yamaphondo amahlanu asempuma yonxweme kunye namaphondo amathathu onxweme olusempuma, I-prospective yephondo elinonxweme oluhle. Okokugqibela, umthamo ofakiweyo kunye neeyure zokusetyenziswa zijongwa xa zizonke ngokudityaniswa nemfuno yolawulo lwegridi yamandla. Ngomlinganiselo okhulayo wamandla amatsha kunye nomkhwa wokuba ngumthombo oyintloko wokunikezelwa kwamandla kwixesha elizayo, umthamo omkhulu kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla kwexesha elide kuya kufuneka nje. Kwindawo yesikhululo esifanelekileyo, kuya kuqwalaselwa ngokufanelekileyo ukwandisa umthamo wokugcinwa kunye nokwandisa iiyure zokusetyenziswa, kwaye akuyi kuba phantsi kokuthintelwa kwezinto ezifana nexabiso lexabiso leyunithi kwaye lihlulwe kwimfuno yenkqubo.
Ke ngoko, kwimeko yangoku yokuba inkqubo yamandla yaseTshayina imfutshane kakhulu kwizixhobo eziguquguqukayo, ugcino olumpompelweyo kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla amatsha kunamathemba abanzi ophuhliso. Ngokweyantlukwano kwiimpawu zabo zobugcisa, phantsi kwesiseko sokuqwalaselwa ngokupheleleyo kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokufikelela, ezidityaniswe neemfuno zangempela zenkqubo yamandla yengingqi, kunye nokunyanzeliswa kokhuseleko, ukuzinza, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ahlambulukileyo kunye nezinye iimeko zomda, ulungelelwaniso lwentsebenziswano kufuneka luqhutywe kwisikhundla kunye noyilo ukuze kuphunyezwe umphumo ochanekileyo.
Impembelelo yendlela yexabiso lombane kuphuhliso logcino olumpompelweyo
Ugcino olumpontshiweyo lunceda yonke inkqubo yamandla, kuquka unikezelo lwamandla, igridi yamandla kunye nabasebenzisi, kwaye onke amaqela ayaxhamla kuyo ngendlela engakhuphisaniyo nengakhethekileyo. Ukususela kumbono wezoqoqosho, iimveliso ezibonelelwa ngokugcinwa kompompo ziyimveliso yoluntu yenkqubo yamandla kwaye zibonelela ngeenkonzo zoluntu ngokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yamandla.
Phambi kohlaziyo lwesixokelelwano samandla ombane, urhulumente ukhuphe imigaqo-nkqubo yokucacisa ukuba ugcino olumpompelweyo lusebenza ikakhulu kuthungelwano lwamandla ombane, kwaye ubukhulu becala luqhutywa ngamashishini asebenzayo othungelwano lwamandla ngendlela emanyeneyo okanye eqeshiweyo. Ngelo xesha, urhulumente wenza ngokufanayo ixabiso lombane wegridi kunye nexabiso lokuthengisa lombane. Ingeniso ephambili yegridi yamandla ivela ekuthengeni kunye nokwahluka kwexabiso lokuthengisa. Umgaqo-nkqubo okhoyo ngokusisiseko uchaze ukuba iindleko zokugcinwa kwempompo kufuneka zibuyiselwe ekuthengeni kunye nokuthengiswa kwexabiso lentengo yegridi yamandla, kunye nokudibanisa umjelo wokucoca.
Emva kohlaziyo lwexabiso lokuhambisa kunye nokuhanjiswa kombane, iSaziso seKomishoni yoPhuhliso kunye noHlaziyo lweSizwe malunga neMiba eNxulumene noPhuculo lweNdlela yokuLungiswa kweXabiso leZityalo zoMbane zokuPhunxa (FGJG [2014] No. 1763) yakwenza kwacaca ukuba ixabiso leenxalenye ezimbini zombane lisetyenziswe kumandla okugcina ampompelweyo, nto leyo eyaqinisekiswa ngokwexabiso elivumelekileyo ngokuhambelana nomgaqo ovumelekileyo wengeniso. Intlawulo yombane womthamo kunye nelahleko yokumpompa kumaziko ombane ampompelweyo okubandakanyiweyo kucwangciso-mali oludityanisiweyo lweendleko zokusebenza kwegridi yamandla ombane wephondo (okanye igridi yamandla ommandla) njengento yokuthengisa uhlengahlengiso lwexabiso lombane, kodwa umjelo wothumelo lweendleko awulungiswanga. Emva koko, iKomishoni yoPhuhliso lweSizwe kunye noHlengahlengiso ikhuphe amaxwebhu ngokulandelelana kwi-2016 kunye ne-2019, echaza ukuba iindleko ezifanelekileyo zezityalo zamandla zokugcina ezimpompe azibandakanyi kwingeniso evunyelweyo yamashishini ombane ombane, kwaye iindleko zezityalo zamandla okugcina ezipompe azibandakanyi kwiindleko zokuhanjiswa kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamaxabiso, okuye kwanqunyulwa ngakumbi indlela yokuhambisa iindleko zokugcinwa kwempompo. Ukongezelela, ubungakanani bophuhliso lokugcinwa kwempompo ngexesha le-"13th Five Year Plan" laliphantsi kakhulu kunokuba bekulindelwe ngenxa yokungaqondi kakuhle kokumiswa kokusebenza kwendawo yokugcina impompo ngelo xesha kunye nesifundo esisodwa sotyalo-mali.
Ejongene nale ngxaki, iimbono zeKomishoni yoPhuhliso kunye noHlaziyo lweSizwe malunga nokuphucula ngakumbi iNkqubo yokuPhakamisa i-Pumped Storage Energy (FGJG [2021] No. 633) yasungulwa ngoMeyi 2021. Lo mgaqo-nkqubo uchaze ngokwesayensi umgaqo-nkqubo wexabiso lombane we-pumped storage energy. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokudibanisa nenjongo yokuba uphawu lukawonkewonke lwamandla ogcino olupompelweyo lunamandla kwaye iindleko azikwazi ukufunyanwa ngombane, indlela yokubeka ixabiso lexesha lokusebenza yayisetyenziselwa ukuqinisekiswa kwexabiso lomthamo kunye nokubuyisela ngexabiso lothumelo kunye nokusabalalisa; Kwelinye icala, kudityaniswe nesantya sohlaziyo lwemarike yamandla, imarike yendawo yexabiso lombane iyaphononongwa. Ukuqaliswa komgaqo-nkqubo kukhuthaze kakhulu ukuzimisela kotyalo-mali kwizifundo zentlalo, ukubeka isiseko esiqinileyo sophuhliso olukhawulezayo lokugcinwa kompompo. Ngokweenkcukacha-manani, amandla eeprojekthi zokugcinwa kwempompo ezifakwe ekusebenzeni, phantsi kokwakhiwa kwaye phantsi kokukhuthazwa kufikelele kwi-130 yezigidi ze-kilowatts. Ukuba zonke iiprojekthi ezisakhiwayo naphantsi kwenkuthazo ziyasebenza phambi kuka-2030, oku kuphezulu kunokulindela "i-120 yezigidi zeekilowatts ziya kufakwa kwimveliso ngo-2030" kwiSicwangciso soPhuhliso seXesha eliPhakathi nelide loGcino oluPumped (2021-2035). Iindleko zokusetyenziswa zikhulu kwaye azinayo indlela yokwabiwa kunye nokuhanjiswa. Kule meko, kwinkqubo yokuguqulwa kwamandla, ngenxa yezixhobo ezinamandla zoluntu ezifana nokugcinwa kwepompo, inkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nesikhokelo siyafuneka kwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso ukuze kuqinisekiswe uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lweshishini. yoshishino logcino olumpompelweyo.
Inguqu yecala lonikezelo lwamandla ukusuka kumandla efosili ukuya kumandla ahlaziyekayo okwethutyana imisela ukuba elona xabiso liphambili lamaxabiso ombane liyatshintsha ukusuka kwixabiso lamafutha efosili ukuya kwixabiso lamandla ahlaziyekayo kunye nolawulo olubhetyebhetye lolwakhiwo lwemithombo. Ngenxa yobunzima kunye nobume bexesha elide lenguqu, inkqubo yokusekwa kwenkqubo yokuvelisa amandla amalahle aseTshayina kunye namandla ahlaziyekayo asekelwe kwinkqubo yamandla entsha iya kuhlala ixesha elide, nto leyo efuna ukuba siqinise ngakumbi injongo yemozulu yokunyuka kwekhabhoni kunye ne-carbon neutralization. Ekuqaleni kokuguqulwa kwamandla, ulwakhiwo lweziseko ezingundoqo olwenze igalelo elikhulu ekukhuthazeni ukuguqulwa kwamandla acocekileyo kufuneka kuqhutywe umgaqo-nkqubo kunye nokuqhutywa kweemarike, Ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kunye nesikhokelo esingalunganga senzuzo eyinkunzi efuna kwisicwangciso esipheleleyo, kunye nokuqinisekisa ulwalathiso oluchanekileyo lokuguqulwa kwamandla acocekileyo kunye nekhabhoni ephantsi.
Ngophuhliso olupheleleyo lwamandla ahlaziyekayo kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe lube ngowona mboneleli wamandla aphambili, ukwakhiwa kwemarike yamandla yaseTshayina kuphucuka rhoqo kwaye kukhula. Izixhobo zokulawula eziguquguqukayo ziya kuba yimfuno ephambili kwinkqubo entsha yamandla, kwaye ukunikezelwa kokugcinwa kompompo kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla amatsha kuya kwanela ngakumbi. Ngelo xesha, ukwakhiwa kwamandla avuselelekayo kunye nezixhobo zokulawula eziguquguqukayo ziya kuqhutywa ikakhulu yimikhosi yemarike, Indlela yexabiso lokugcinwa kwempompo kunye nezinye izigqeba eziphambili ziya kubonisa ngokwenene ubudlelwane phakathi kokunikezelwa kweemarike kunye nemfuno, ebonisa ukukhuphisana ngokupheleleyo.
Qonda ngokuchanekileyo umphumo wokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwindawo yokugcina empompo
Isikhululo samandla esimponthiweyo sinogcino lwamandla olubalulekileyo kunye neenzuzo zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa. Kwinkqubo yamandla emveli, indima yokugcina impompo ekugcinweni kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kubonakaliswa ikakhulu kwimiba emibini. Eyokuqala kukutshintsha amandla obushushu kwisixokelelwano solawulo lomthwalo wencopho, ukuvelisa amandla kumthwalo okwincopho, ukunciphisa inani lokuqalisa kunye nokuvalwa kweeyunithi zamandla obushushu kulawulo lomthwalo oluphezulu, kunye nokumpompa amanzi kumthwalo ophantsi, ukuze kuncitshiswe uluhlu lomthwalo woxinzelelo lweeyunithi zamandla ashushu, ngaloo ndlela kudlala indima yogcino lwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwamandla. Okwesibini kukudlala indima yokhuseleko kunye nozinzo lwenkxaso efana nokumodareyitha rhoqo, ukumodareyithwa kwesigaba, ukugcinwa kwe-rotary kunye nogcino olungxamisekileyo, kunye nokunyusa izinga lomthwalo wazo zonke iiyunithi zamandla e-thermal kwisistim xa kutshintshwa iiyunithi zamandla e-thermal kwindawo yogcino olungxamisekileyo, ukuze kuncitshiswe ukusetyenziswa kwamalahle kwiiyunithi zamandla okushisa kunye nokufezekisa indima yokugcinwa kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwamandla.
Ngokwakhiwa kwenkqubo entsha yamandla, ukonga amandla kunye nesiphumo sokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kokugcinwa kompompo kubonisa iimpawu ezintsha kwisiseko esikhoyo. Kwelinye icala, iya kudlala indima enkulu ekuchebeni okuphezulu ukunceda umoya omkhulu kunye nolunye usetyenziso lwegridi yamandla entsha edityanisiweyo, eya kuzisa inzuzo enkulu yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwenkqubo yonke; Kwelinye icala, iya kudlala indima ekhuselekileyo nezinzileyo yenkxaso enjengokumodareyitha rhoqo, ukumodareyithwa kwesigaba kunye nokulinda okujikelezayo ukunceda inkqubo yoyise iingxaki ezinjengokukhutshwa kwamandla amatsha kunye nokunqongophala kwe-inertia okubangelwa ngumlinganiselo ophezulu wezixhobo zombane ze-elektroniki, ngakumbi ukuphucula umlinganiselo wokungena kwamandla amatsha kwinkqubo yamandla, ukuze kuncitshiswe ukukhutshwa okubangelwa kukusetyenziswa kwamandla efosili. Imiba ephembelelayo yemfuno yolawulo lwenkqubo yamandla ibandakanya iimpawu zomthwalo, umlinganiselo woqhagamshelo lwegridi yamandla amatsha kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamandla angaphandle kwingingqi. Ngokwakhiwa kwenkqubo entsha yamandla, impembelelo yoqhagamshelo lwegridi yamandla amatsha kwiimfuno zolawulo lwenkqubo yamandla iya kudlula ngokuthe ngcembe iimpawu zomthwalo, kwaye indima yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni yokugcinwa kompompo kule nkqubo iya kubaluleka ngakumbi.
I-China inexesha elifutshane kunye nomsebenzi onzima wokufezekisa i-carbon peak kunye ne-carbon neutralization. IKomishoni yoPhuhliso noHlengahlengiso yeSizwe ikhuphe iSicwangciso soPhuculo lokuLawulwa okuBubini kokuSetyenziswa kwamandla oMbane kunye neSixa-mali esipheleleyo (FGHZ [2021] No. 1310) ukunika izalathisi zolawulo lokuphuma kuzo zonke iindawo zelizwe ukulawula ngokufanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. Ngoko ke, isifundo esinokudlala indima ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo kufuneka sivavanywe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye sinikwe ingqwalasela efanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, okwangoku, izibonelelo zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwindawo yokugcina impompo azikaqatshelwa ngokuchanekileyo. Okokuqala, iiyunithi ezichaphazelekayo ziswele isiseko seziko ezifana ne-carbon methodology kulawulo lwamandla okugcinwa okumpontshwa, kwaye okwesibini, imigaqo yokusebenza yokugcina impompo kwezinye iindawo zoluntu ngaphandle koshishino lwamandla ayikaqondwa kakuhle, okukhokelela kwi-accounting yangoku ye-carbon emission accounting yabanye abaqhubi be-carbon emission yokurhweba kwizityalo zamandla zokugcina impompo ngokwezikhokelo zeshishini (iyunithi) ukukhutshwa kombane we-carbon dioxide kunye ne-accounting yempompo ekhutshwayo, i-emission yempompo yombane kunye ne-emission ye-pomp ephumayo. isikhululo samandla okugcinwa kuso siye saba “yiyunithi yokukhuphela engundoqo”, nto leyo izisa inkxwaleko enkulu ekusebenzeni okuqhelekileyo kwesikhululo samandla esimpontshwayo, kwaye ikwabangela ukungaqondi kakuhle kuluntu.
Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukuze uqonde ngokuchanekileyo umphumo wokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni yogcino olumponthiweyo kunye nokulungelelanisa indlela yokulawula ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kuyimfuneko ukuseka indlela esebenzayo ngokudibanisa nenzuzo yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni iyonke yogcino olumponthiweyo kwinkqubo yamandla, ukulinganisa izibonelelo zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwindawo yokugcina emponthiweyo, kwaye wenze i-offset ngokuchasene nesabelo esingonelanga ngaphakathi, esinokusetyenziswa kwintengiso yekhabhoni yangaphandle. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuqaliswa okungacacanga kwe-CCER kunye nomda we-5% wokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo, kukwakho ukungaqiniseki kuphuhliso lwendlela yokusebenza. Ngokusekelwe kwimeko ekhoyo yangoku, kucetyiswa ukuba ukuguqulwa okusebenzayo okubanzi kuthathwe ngokucacileyo njengesalathisi esiyintloko sokusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye neenjongo zokugcinwa kwamandla ombane opompoweyo wokugcinwa kwamandla kwinqanaba likazwelonke, ukuze kuncitshiswe imiqobo ekuphuhlisweni okunempilo kokugcinwa kwepomped kwixa elizayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-29-2022
