Umphakamo wokufunxa iyunithi yesikhululo samandla esimpontshwayo uya kuba neempembelelo ezithe ngqo kwinkqubo yophambuko kunye noyilo lwendlu yamandla yesikhululo samandla, kunye nemfuneko yobunzulu bokomba obunzulu inokunciphisa iindleko ezihambelanayo zokwakha isikhululo sombane; Nangona kunjalo, kuya kwandisa umngcipheko we-cavitation ngexesha lokusebenza kwempompo, ngoko ke ukuchaneka koqikelelo lokuphakama ngexesha lokufakwa kwangaphambili kwesikhululo samandla kubaluleke kakhulu. Kwinkqubo yokuqala yokusetyenziswa kwe-turbine yepompo, kwafunyaniswa ukuba i-runner cavitation phantsi kwemeko yokusebenza yempompo yayinzima kakhulu kunokuba iphantsi kwemeko yokusebenza kwe-turbine. Kuyilo, ngokuqhelekileyo kukholelwa ukuba i-cavitation phantsi kwemeko yokusebenza yempompo inokudibaniswa, imeko yokusebenza ye-turbine nayo ingadibana.
Ukhetho lobude bokufunxa kwi-injini yempompo exutyiweyo ibhekisa ikakhulu kwimigaqo emibini:
Okokuqala, kuya kwenziwa ngokwemeko yokuba akukho cavitation phantsi kwemeko yokusebenza yempompo yamanzi; Okwesibini, ukuhlukana kwekholomu yamanzi akukwazi ukwenzeka kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuhambisa amanzi ngexesha lokutshintshwa kweyunithi yokulahlwa komthwalo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, isantya esithile silingana ne-coefficient ye-cavitation yomgijimi. Ngokunyuka kwesantya esithile, i-coefficient ye-cavitation yomgijimi nayo iyanda, kwaye ukusebenza kwe-cavitation kuyancipha. Idityaniswe nexabiso lokubala empirical ukuphakama ukufunxa kunye nexabiso lokubala idrafti ityhubhu vacuum isidanga phantsi iimeko eziyingozi kakhulu utshintsho inkqubo, kwaye kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba kwisiseko ukonga civil ukugrunjwa kangangoko kunokwenzeka, iyunithi ubunzulu ngokwaneleyo submergence ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo nozinzo iyunithi.
Ubunzulu be-submergence ye-high-head pump turbine inqunywe ngokuhambelana nokungabikho kwe-cavitation ye-pump turbine kunye nokungabikho kokuhlukana kwekholomu yamanzi kwi-tube eyidrafti ngexesha leenguqu ezahlukeneyo. Ubunzulu bokuntywila kwee-injini zompompo kwizityalo zamandla ezimpompelwe bukhulu kakhulu, ngoko ke ukuphakama kofakelo lweeyunithi kuphantsi. Umphakamo wokufunxa iiyunithi eziphezulu zentloko ezisetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso yombane eziye zaqaliswa ukusebenza e-China, ezifana ne-Xilong Pond, yi-75m, ngelixa ubude bokufunxa kuninzi lwezityalo ezinamandla kunye ne-400-500m yentloko yamanzi malunga - 70 ukuya - 80m, kwaye ukuphakama kwe-700m yentloko yamanzi malunga ne-100m.
Ngethuba lenkqubo yokulahlwa komthwalo we-turbine yepompo, umphumo wesando samanzi wenza ukuba uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lwecandelo letyhubhu eliyidrafti lihle kakhulu. Ngokunyuka okukhawulezayo kwesantya somgijimi ngexesha lenkqubo yokuguqulwa komthwalo wokulahlwa, ukuhamba kwamanzi okujikelezayo okunamandla kubonakala ngaphandle kwecandelo lokuphuma komgijimi, okwenza uxinzelelo oluphakathi lwecandelo lingaphantsi koxinzelelo lwangaphandle. Nangona i-avareji yoxinzelelo lwecandelo lisenkulu kunoxinzelelo lwe-vaporization yamanzi, uxinzelelo lwendawo lweziko lunokuba luphantsi kunoxinzelelo lwe-vaporization yamanzi, okubangela ukuhlukana kwekholomu yamanzi. Kuhlalutyo lwamanani lwenkqubo yokutshintsha i-turbine yepompo, kuphela uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lwecandelo ngalinye lombhobho lunokunikwa. Kuphela ngovavanyo olupheleleyo lokulinganisa lwenkqubo yokuguqulwa komthwalo wokulahlwa komthwalo unokumiselwa ukuhla kwengcinezelo yendawo ukuze kugwenywe into yokuhlukana kwekholomu yamanzi kwi-tube eyidrafti.
Ubunzulu bokuntywila kwe-injini yempompo yentloko ephezulu akufanele ifezekise kuphela iimfuno zokuchasana nokukhukuliseka, kodwa kwakhona qinisekisa ukuba ityhubhu eyidrafti ayinayo ukuhlukana kwekholomu yamanzi ngexesha leenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokutshintsha. I-super high head pump turbine ithatha ubunzulu bokuntywila okukhulu ukunqanda ukwahlulwa koluhlu lwamanzi ngexesha lenkqubo yotshintsho kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwenkqubo yokuguqula amanzi kunye neeyunithi zesikhululo samandla. Umzekelo, ubunzulu bokuntywila obuncinane beSikhululo saMandla esiPumped Storage se-Geyechuan yi-98m, kwaye ubuncinane bobunzulu bokuntywila beSikhululo saMandla esiPumped Storage Power se-Shenliuchuan yi-104m. Isikhululo sasekhaya esimpompelwa iJixi si-85m, iDunhua yi-94m, iChanglongshan yi-94m, kwaye iYangjiang yi-100m.
Kwimpompo ye-injini yempompo efanayo, xa ihambela kude ukusuka kwimeko efanelekileyo yokusebenza, ubukhulu be-cavitation buba buhlungu. Ngaphantsi kweemeko zokusebenza zokunyuswa okuphezulu kunye nokuhamba okuncinci, imigca emininzi yokuhamba ine-angle enhle yokuhlaselwa, kwaye i-cavitation kulula ukwenzeka kwindawo yoxinzelelo olubi lwe-blade suction surface; Ngaphantsi kwemeko yokunyusa okuphantsi kunye nokuhamba okukhulu, i-angle engalunganga yokuhlaselwa kwendawo yoxinzelelo lwe-blade inkulu, ekulula ukubangela ukuhlukana kokuhamba, ngaloo ndlela kukhokelela kwi-cavitation erosion of the surface pressure pressure. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-coefficient ye-cavitation inkulu kakhulu kwisikhululo samandla kunye noluhlu olukhulu lokuguqulwa kwentloko, kwaye ukunyuswa okuphantsi kofakelo kunokuhlangabezana nemfuneko yokuba akukho cavitation iya kwenzeka ngexesha lokusebenza kwindawo yokunyuswa okuphantsi kunye neemeko eziphezulu zokunyusa. Ngoko ke, ukuba intloko yamanzi iyahluka kakhulu, ukuphakama kokufunxa kuya kwanda ngokufanelekileyo ukuhlangabezana neemeko. Umzekelo, ubunzulu bokuntywila kwe-QX ngu-66m, kunye ne-MX-68m. Ngenxa yokuba ukwahluka kwentloko yamanzi ye-MX kukhulu, kunzima ukuqonda uhlengahlengiso kunye nesiqinisekiso se-MX.
Kuxelwe ukuba ezinye izityalo zamandla ezimpontshwa zangaphandle ziye zafumana ukwahlulwa kwekholomu yamanzi. Uvavanyo olupheleleyo lwemodeli yokulinganisa inkqubo yenguqu ye-injini yempompo ephezulu yaseJapan yenziwa kumenzi, kwaye isenzeko sokwahlulwa kwekholamu yamanzi yaphononongwa ngobunzulu ukuze kumiselwe ukuphakama kofakelo lwempompo yeinjini. Ingxaki enzima kakhulu kwizityalo zamandla okugcina impompo kukhuseleko lwenkqubo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba i-spiral case pressure yokunyuka kunye nomsila woxinzelelo olubi lwamanzi luphakathi kwendawo ekhuselekileyo phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ezigqithisileyo, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba ukusebenza kwe-hydraulic kufikelela kwinqanaba lokuqala, elinempembelelo enkulu ekukhethweni kobunzulu bokuntywila.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-23-2022
