NgokweKhowudi yoYilo lokuLwa nokuQhotsa kweZakhiwo zeHydraulic, ikhonkrithi ye-F400 mayisetyenziselwe iindawo zezakhiwo ezibalulekileyo, eziqandisiweyo kakhulu kwaye kunzima ukuzilungisa kwiindawo ezibandayo kakhulu (ikhonkrithi mayikwazi ukumelana nemijikelo yokuqandisa engama-400). Ngokwesi sikhokelo, ikhonkrithi ye-F400 mayisetyenziselwe i-face slab kunye ne-toe slab ngaphezulu komgangatho wamanzi ofileyo kwidama eliphezulu le-reservoir face rockfill le-Huanggou Pumped Storage Power Station, indawo yokuguquguquka kwamanzi kwi-inlet ephezulu ye-reservoir kunye ne-outlet, indawo yokuguquguquka kwamanzi kwi-inlet ephantsi ye-reservoir kunye ne-outlet kunye nezinye iindawo. Ngaphambi koku, bekungekho mzekelo wokusetyenziswa kwekhonkrithi ye-F400 kwishishini lamandla ombane wasekhaya. Ukuze kulungiswe ikhonkrithi ye-F400, iqela lokwakha liphande amaziko ophando asekhaya kunye nabavelisi bokuxuba ikhonkrithi ngeendlela ezininzi, lanika iinkampani zobungcali igunya lokwenza uphando olukhethekileyo, lalungisa ikhonkrithi ye-F400 ngokongeza i-silica fume, i-air entraining agent, i-arhente yokunciphisa amanzi esebenza kakuhle kunye nezinye izinto, laza layisebenzisa ekwakheni iHuanggou Pumped Storage Power Station.
Ukongeza, kwiindawo ezibandayo kakhulu, ukuba ikhonkrithi edibana namanzi ineemingxunya ezincinci, amanzi aya kungena kwiimingxunya ebusika. Ngomjikelo wokuqandisa nokunyibilika okuqhubekayo, ikhonkrithi iya kutshatyalaliswa kancinci kancinci. I-face slab yekhonkrithi yedama eliphambili ledama eliphezulu lesikhululo samandla sokugcina amanzi esimpompiweyo idlala indima yokugcina amanzi kunye nokuthintela ukuvuza kwamanzi. Ukuba kukho iimingxunya ezininzi, ukhuseleko lwedama luya kuncipha kakhulu. Iqela lokwakha leSikhululo saMandla sokuGcina i-Huanggou Pumped Storage liphuhlise uhlobo lwekhonkrithi engaqhekekiyo - yongeza i-arhente yokwandisa kunye nefayibha ye-polypropylene xa kuxutywa ikhonkrithi ukunciphisa ukuvela kweemingxunya zekhonkrithi kunye nokuphucula ngakumbi ukumelana neqhwa kwekhonkrithi ye-face slab.
Kuthekani ukuba kukho imingxunya ebusweni bekhonkrithi yedama? Iqela lokwakha likwamisele umgca wokumelana nomkhenkce kumphezulu wephaneli - besebenzisa i-polyurea ekhutshiweyo ngesandla njengengubo yokukhusela. I-polyurea ekhutshiweyo ngesandla inokuphelisa ukudibana phakathi kwekhonkrithi namanzi, inciphise uphuhliso lomonakalo wokuqhaqhazela kwekhonkrithi yeslab yobuso, kwaye ithintele nezinye izithako eziyingozi emanzini ekuboleni kwekhonkrithi. Inemisebenzi yokumelana namanzi, ukulwa nokwaluphala, ukumelana nokunyibilika komkhenkce, njl.njl.
I-face slab yedama le-concrete face rockfill ayiphoswanga ngaxeshanye, kodwa yakhiwe ngamacandelo. Oku kubangela ukuba kubekho i-structural joint phakathi kwecandelo ngalinye lephaneli. Unyango oluqhelekileyo oluchasene nokuvuza kukuvala ipleyiti yerabha kwi-structural joint kwaye uyilungise ngee-expansion bolts. Ebusika kwiindawo ezibandayo kakhulu, indawo ye-reservoir iya kuba phantsi kwe-icing etyebileyo, kwaye inxalenye ebonakalayo ye-expansion bolt iya kubanda kunye ne-ice layer ukuze kubangele umonakalo wokutsalwa komkhenkce. I-Huanggou Pumped Storage Power Station isebenzisa ngendlela entsha isakhiwo sohlobo lwe-compressable coating, esisombulula ingxaki ye-structural joints eyonakaliswe kukutsalwa komkhenkce. Ngomhla wama-20 kuDisemba ngo-2021, iyunithi yokuqala ye-Huanggou Pumped Storage Power Station iya kuqaliswa ukusebenza ukuvelisa umbane. Umsebenzi wasebusika ubonakalise ukuba olu hlobo lwesakhiwo lunokuthintela umonakalo we-structural joints zephaneli ezibangelwa kukutsalwa komkhenkce okanye ukukhutshwa kwe-frost expansion.
Ukuze kugqitywe ukwakhiwa kweprojekthi ngokukhawuleza, iqela lokwakha lizame ukwenza ulwakhiwo lwasebusika. Nangona kungekho ndlela yokuba kwakhiwe ngaphandle ebusika, i-powerhouse engaphantsi komhlaba, i-water transportance tunnel kunye nezinye izakhiwo zesikhululo samandla sokugcina amanzi zigqunywe nzulu ngaphantsi komhlaba kwaye zineemeko zokwakha. Kodwa ungagalela njani ikhonkrithi ebusika? Iqela lokwakha liza kuseta iingcango zokuthintela ubushushu kuzo zonke iindawo ezivulekileyo ezidibanisa imiqolomba engaphantsi komhlaba kunye neyangaphandle, kwaye lifake iifeni zomoya oshushu ezingama-35kW ngaphakathi kweminyango; Inkqubo yokuxuba ikhonkrithi ivaliwe ngokupheleleyo, kwaye izixhobo zokufudumeza zibekwe ngaphakathi. Ngaphambi kokuxuba, hlamba inkqubo yokuxuba ikhonkrithi ngamanzi ashushu; Bala ubungakanani bee-aggregates ezirhabaxa nezicolekileyo ebusika ngokwenani le-concrete earthwork efunekayo yokugalela ebusika, kwaye uzithuthele kwi-tunnel ukuze zigcinwe ngaphambi kobusika. Iqela lokwakha likwafudumeza ii-aggregates ngaphambi kokuxuba, kwaye libeka "impahla egqunywe yikotoni" kuzo zonke iilori zokuxuba ezithutha ikhonkrithi ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubushushu bugcinwa ngexesha lokuthuthwa kwekhonkrithi; Emva kokuseta kokuqala kokugalela ikhonkrithi, umphezulu wekhonkrithi kufuneka ugutyungelwe nge-thermal insulation quilt kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ugutyungelwe ngengubo yombane yokufudumeza. Ngale ndlela, iqela lokwakha lanciphisa impembelelo yemozulu ebandayo kulwakhiwo lweprojekthi.
Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwezityalo zokugcina umbane ezipompiweyo kwiindawo ezibandayo kakhulu
Xa isikhululo samandla sokugcina amanzi sipompa amanzi okanye sivelisa umbane, inqanaba lamanzi kwiindawo zokugcina amanzi eziphezulu nezisezantsi liya kutshintsha rhoqo. Ebusika obubandayo, xa isikhululo samandla sokugcina amanzi sisebenza yonke imihla, kuya kwenziwa ishiti yomkhenkce edadayo embindini wedama, kwaye kuya kwenziwa isangqa sebhanti yomkhenkce etyumkileyo ngaphandle. Isigqubuthelo somkhenkce asiyi kuba nefuthe elikhulu ekusebenzeni kwesikhululo samandla sokugcina amanzi, kodwa ukuba inkqubo yamandla ayifuni ukuba isikhululo samandla sokugcina amanzi sisebenze ixesha elide, iindawo zokugcina amanzi eziphezulu nezisezantsi zinokukhenkcezwa. Ngeli xesha, nangona kukho amanzi aneleyo kwidama lesikhululo samandla sokugcina amanzi, umzimba wamanzi awukwazi ukuhamba ngenxa yokungakwazi ukunxibelelana nomoya, kwaye ukusebenza ngokunyanzelwa kuya kuzisa umngcipheko wokhuseleko kwizakhiwo zokubonelela ngamanzi kunye nezixhobo zeyunithi kunye nezibonelelo.
Iqela lokwakha lenze uphando olukhethekileyo ngendlela yokusebenza kwezityalo zokugcina umbane ezimpompiweyo ebusika. Olu phando lubonisa ukuba umsebenzi wokuthumela umbane yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwezityalo zokugcina umbane ezimpompiweyo ebusika. Ebusika obubandayo, ubuncinane iyunithi enye ivelisa umbane okanye iipompo zamanzi ngaphezulu kweeyure ezisi-8 yonke imihla, nto leyo enokuthintela ichibi ekubeni lenze umkhenkce opheleleyo; Xa ukuthunyelwa kwegridi yombane kungenakuhlangabezana neemeko ezingentla, kuya kuthathwa amanyathelo okulwa nomkhenkce nokuqhekeka komkhenkce.
Okwangoku, kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili zokulwa nokuqhekeka komkhenkce kunye nomkhenkce kwiindawo zokugcina amanzi kunye nemithombo yamasango yezityalo zokugcina umbane ezimpompiweyo: ukuqhekeka komkhenkce okwenziweyo, ukunyuka kwegesi enoxinzelelo oluphezulu, kunye nokuqhekeka komkhenkce okukhupha amanzi ngempompo yamanzi.
Ixabiso lendlela yokuqhekeza umkhenkce eyenziweyo liphantsi, kodwa ixesha lokusebenza kwabasebenzi lide, umngcipheko uphezulu, kwaye kulula ukwenzeka iingozi zokhuseleko. Indlela yokunyuka kwegesi enoxinzelelo oluphezulu kukusebenzisa umoya ocinezelweyo okhutshwa yi-air compressor emanzini anzulu ukukhupha amanzi afudumeleyo anamandla, anokunyibilikisa umaleko womkhenkce kwaye athintele ukwakheka komaleko omtsha womkhenkce. Isikhululo sikagesi esigcina amanzi iHuanggou sisebenzisa indlela yokufutha ipompo yamanzi kunye nokuqhekeka komkhenkce, oko kukuthi, ipompo engaphantsi komhlaba isetyenziselwa ukupompa amanzi anzulu, aze emva koko amanzi akhutshwe ngomngxuma wejethi kumbhobho wejethi ukwenza ukuhamba kwamanzi okuqhubekayo, ukuze kuthintelwe umphezulu wamanzi wasekuhlaleni ukuba ungaqini.
Umkhenkce odadayo ongena kwindawo yokuhamba kwamanzi ngomnye umngcipheko wesikhululo samandla sokugcina amanzi esimpompelwe ngexesha lokusebenza ebusika, nto leyo enokonakalisa ii-hydraulic turbines kunye nezinye izixhobo zoomatshini. Ekuqaleni kokwakhiwa kweHuanggou Pumped Storage Power Station, kwenziwa uvavanyo lwemodeli, kwaye isantya esibalulekileyo somkhenkce odadayo ongena kwitshaneli sabalwa ukuba yi-1.05 m/s. Ukuze kuncitshiswe isantya sokuhamba kwamanzi, iHuanggou Pumped Storage Power Station iyile indawo yokungena kunye nendawo yokuphuma kwamanzi ukuba ibe nkulu ngokwaneleyo, kwaye imisele isantya sokuhamba kwamanzi kunye neendawo zokujonga ubushushu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokungena kunye nendawo yokuphuma. Emva kokujonga ebusika, abasebenzi besikhululo samandla abazange bafumane umkhenkce odadayo ongena kwindawo yokuhamba kwamanzi.
Ixesha lokulungiselela iHuanggou Pumped Storage Power Station liqala ngoJanuwari 2016. Iyunithi yokuqala iza kuqaliswa ukusebenza ukuze kuveliswe umbane nge-20 kaDisemba 2021, kwaye iyunithi yokugqibela iza kuqaliswa ukusebenza ukuze kuveliswe umbane nge-29 kaJuni 2022. Ixesha elipheleleyo lokwakhiwa kweprojekthi yiminyaka emithandathu enesiqingatha. Xa kuthelekiswa nohlobo olufanayo lweeprojekthi zesikhululo samandla sokugcina amanzi esipomped eTshayina, ixesha lokwakhiwa kwesikhululo samandla sokugcina amanzi esipomped eHuanggou alizange lishiyeke emva kuba likwiindawo ezibandayo kakhulu. Emva kokuvavanywa kobusika obubandayo, zonke izakhiwo ze-hydraulic, izixhobo kunye nezixhobo zeHuanggou Pumped Storage Power Station zisebenza ngokuqhelekileyo. Ngokukodwa, ukuvuza okuphezulu emva kwedama lekhonkrithi elijongene namatye edama eliphezulu yi-4.23L/s kuphela, kwaye isalathisi sokuvuza sikwinqanaba eliphambili phakathi kwamadama elitye lomhlaba alinganayo eTshayina. Iyunithi iqala ngokuthunyelwa, iphendula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye isebenza ngokuzinzileyo. Ithatha imisebenzi yeNortheast Power Grid ukuhlangabezana nencopho ehlotyeni, ebusika, nakwiminyhadala ebalulekileyo, kwaye iqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo nangokuzinzileyo kweNortheast Power Grid.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-17-2022
