Hlamba i-turbine yamanzi ngamandla anokubakho okanye amandla e-kinetic, kwaye i-turbine yamanzi iqala ukujikeleza. Ukuba siqhagamshela i-generator kwi-turbine yamanzi, i-generator inokuqalisa ukuvelisa umbane. Ukuba siphakamisa inqanaba lamanzi ukuze sihlambe i-turbine, isantya se-turbine siya kwanda. Ke ngoko, umahluko omkhulu wenqanaba lamanzi, kokukhona amandla e-kinetic afunyanwa yi-turbine eba makhulu, kwaye kokukhona amandla ombane aguqulwayo eba phezulu. Lo ngumgaqo osisiseko wamandla e-hydropower.
Inkqubo yokuguqula amandla yile: amandla anokubakho okutsala amandla amanzi angaphezulu aguqulwa abe ngamandla okuhamba kwamanzi. Xa amanzi ehamba nge-turbine, amandla okuhamba adluliselwa kwi-turbine, kwaye i-turbine iqhuba ijenereyitha ukuba iguqule amandla okuhamba kwamanzi abe ngamandla ombane. Ke ngoko, yinkqubo yokuguqula amandla oomatshini abe ngamandla ombane.
Ngenxa yeemeko zendalo ezahlukeneyo zezikhululo zamandla ombane, amandla kunye nesantya seeyunithi zejenereyitha yamanzi zahluka kakhulu. Ngokubanzi, iijenereyitha ezincinci zamanzi kunye neejenereyitha zamanzi ezikhawulezayo eziqhutywa ziiturbine ze-impulse zihlala zisebenzisa izakhiwo ezithe tye, ngelixa iijenereyitha ezinkulu neziphakathi zihlala zisebenzisa izakhiwo ezithe nkqo. Ekubeni uninzi lwezikhululo zamanzi zikude kakhulu nezixeko, zihlala zifuna ukubonelela ngombane kwimithwalo ngemigca emide yothumelo, ke ngoko, inkqubo yamandla ibeka phambili iimfuno eziphezulu zokuzinza kokusebenza kweejenereyitha zamanzi: iiparameter zemoto kufuneka zikhethwe ngononophelo; Iimfuno zexesha lokungakhathali kwerotor zinkulu. Ke ngoko, ukubonakala kwejenereyitha yamanzi kwahlukile kwejenereyitha ye-turbine yomphunga. Ububanzi bayo berotor bukhulu kwaye ubude bayo bufutshane. Ixesha elifunekayo lokuqala kunye noqhagamshelo lwegridi yeeyunithi zejenereyitha zamanzi lifutshane kakhulu, kwaye ukuthunyelwa komsebenzi kuyaguquguquka. Ukongeza ekuvelisweni kombane ngokubanzi, ifanelekile ngakumbi kwiiyunithi zokucheba ezinde kunye neeyunithi zokulinda ezingxamisekileyo. Umthamo ophezulu weeyunithi zejenereyitha zamanzi ufikelele kwi-700000 kilowatts.
Ngokuphathelele umgaqo wejenereyitha, ifiziksi yesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo icacile kakhulu, kwaye umgaqo wayo osebenzayo usekelwe kumthetho we-electromagnetic induction kunye nomthetho wamandla e-electromagnetic. Ke ngoko, umgaqo jikelele wokwakhiwa kwayo kukusebenzisa i-magnetic conductivity efanelekileyo kunye nezixhobo zokuqhuba ukwenza isekethe ye-magnetic kunye nesekethe ye-electromagnetic induction efanayo ukuvelisa amandla e-electromagnetic kunye nokufezekisa injongo yokuguqulwa kwamandla.
Ijenereyitha yeturbine yamanzi iqhutywa yiturbine yamanzi. Irotor yayo imfutshane kwaye ityebile, ixesha elifunekayo lokuqalisa iyunithi kunye noqhagamshelo lwegridi lifutshane, kwaye ukuthunyelwa komsebenzi kuyaguquguquka. Ukongeza ekuveliseni umbane ngokubanzi, ifanelekile ngokukodwa kwiyunithi yokucheba ekhawulezayo kunye neyunithi yokulinda engxamisekileyo. Umthamo ophezulu weeyunithi zejenereyitha yeturbine yamanzi ufikelele kwi-800000 kilowatts.
Ijenereyitha yedizili iqhutywa yinjini yokutsha yangaphakathi. Iyakhawuleza ukuqala kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa, kodwa iindleko zayo zokuvelisa umbane ziphezulu. Isetyenziswa kakhulu njengamandla okuxhasa ngokukhawuleza, okanye kwiindawo apho igridi enkulu yamandla ingafikeleli khona nakwizikhululo zamandla ezihambayo. Umthamo ususela kwiikilowatts ezininzi ukuya kwiikilowatts ezininzi. Ukuphuma kwe-torque kwishaft yenjini yedizili kuxhomekeke kwi-pulsation rhoqo, ngoko ke iingozi zokuqhekeka kwe-resonance kunye ne-shaft kufuneka zithintelwe.
Isantya sejenereyitha yamanzi siya kumisela isantya sombane otshintshanayo oveliswayo. Ukuqinisekisa uzinzo lwale frequency, isantya serotor kufuneka sizinziswe. Ukuze kuzinziswe isantya, isantya se-prime mover (i-water turbine) sinokulawulwa kwimowudi yolawulo lwe-closed loop. Isignali yesantya samandla e-AC aza kuthunyelwa iyathathwa isampuli kwaye ibuyiselwe kwinkqubo yolawulo elawula i-engile yokuvula nokuvala ye-guide vane ye-water turbine ukulawula amandla okukhupha e-water turbine. Ngomgaqo wolawulo lwempendulo, isantya sejenereyitha sinokuzinziswa.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Okthobha-08-2022
