I-Penstock ibhekisa kumbhobho ohambisa amanzi kwi-hydraulic turbine ukusuka kwindawo yokugcina amanzi okanye kwisakhiwo sokulinganisa isikhululo samandla ombane (i-forebay okanye igumbi lokushushu). Liyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yesikhululo samandla ombane, esibonakaliswa yithambeka elinyukayo, uxinzelelo olukhulu lwamanzi lwangaphakathi, kufutshane nendlu yamandla, kwaye sithwele uxinzelelo lwe-hydrodynamic lwehammer yamanzi. Ke ngoko, ikwabizwa ngokuba ngumbhobho woxinzelelo oluphezulu okanye umbhobho wamanzi woxinzelelo oluphezulu.
Umsebenzi wombhobho wamanzi oxinzelelo kukuthutha amandla amanzi. Kungathiwa i-penstock ilingana "nomthambo" wesikhululo samandla ombane.
1, Uhlobo lwesakhiwo sepenstock
Ngokwezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo, izixhobo, uyilo lwemibhobho kunye nemidiya ejikelezileyo, iindlela zokwakha iipenstock zahlukile.
(1) Indlu encinci yedama
1. Umbhobho ongcwatyelwe edamini
Iipenstocks ezingcwatywe kwikhonkrithi yomzimba wedama zibizwa ngokuba ziipayipi ezifakwe edamini. Iipayipi zentsimbi zihlala zisetyenziswa. Iifom zoyilo ziquka imiphini ethe tyaba, ethe tye kunye nethe nkqo
2. IPenstock emva kwedama
Ukufakwa kwemibhobho egqunywe edamini kunempembelelo enkulu ekwakhiweni kwedama, kwaye kuchaphazela amandla edama. Ke ngoko, umbhobho wentsimbi ungalungiswa kwithambeka ledama elisezantsi emva kokudlula emzimbeni wedama elingaphezulu ukuze ube ngumbhobho ongasemva wedama.
（2） Umphezulu wepenstock
I-penstock yendlu yamandla yomhlaba yohlobo lokuphambuka idla ngokubekwa emoyeni ovulekileyo ecaleni komgca wentaba yethambeka ukuze kwenziwe i-ground penstock, ebizwa ngokuba yi-open pipe okanye i-open penstock.
Ngokwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zepayipi, kudla ngokuba neentlobo ezimbini:
1. Umbhobho wentsimbi
2. Umbhobho wekhonkrithi oqinisiweyo
（3） Ipenstock engaphantsi komhlaba
Xa iimeko zesimo sendawo kunye nezejoloji zingafanelekanga kwisakhiwo semibhobho evulekileyo okanye isikhululo samandla sibekwe phantsi komhlaba, ipenstock idla ngokubekwa phantsi komhlaba ukuze ibe yipenstock engaphantsi komhlaba. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zepenstock engaphantsi komhlaba: umbhobho ongcwatyiweyo kunye nombhobho ozalisiweyo ngasemva.
2, imo yonikezelo lwamanzi ukusuka kwi-penstock ukuya kwi-turbine
1. Ubonelelo lwamanzi olwahlukileyo: ipenstock enye inika amanzi kwiyunithi enye kuphela, oko kukuthi, unikezelo lwamanzi lweyunithi enye yombhobho omnye.
2. Ubonelelo lwamanzi oludibeneyo: umbhobho oyintloko ubonelela ngamanzi kuzo zonke iiyunithi zesikhululo samandla emva kokuba isiphelo siqhekeke kabini.
3. Ubonelelo lwamanzi oluqokelelweyo
Umbhobho ngamnye oyintloko uza kubonelela ngamanzi kwiiyunithi ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu emva kokuba ziqhekezwe ekupheleni, oko kukuthi, iipayipi ezininzi kunye neeyunithi ezininzi.
Nokuba unikezelo lwamanzi oludibeneyo okanye unikezelo lwamanzi lweqela luyamkelwe, inani leeyunithi ezidityaniswe kumbhobho ngamnye wamanzi akufuneki lidlule kwi-4.
3, Indlela yokungena kwamanzi ye-penstock engena endlwini yombane wamanzi
I-axis ye-penstock kunye necala elihambelanayo lesityalo linokuhlelwa kwicala elihle, elisecaleni okanye elingqindilili.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Okthobha-17-2022
