IPenstock ibhekiselele kumbhobho ogqithisela amanzi kwiinjini yomoya osebenza ngoxinzelelo olukhulu olwenziwa ngamanzi aphantsi komhlaba ukusuka kwidama okanye kwisakhiwo somgangatho wesikhululo sombane wamanzi (i-forebay okanye igumbi lokutyabula). Yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yesikhululo sombane wamanzi, esibonakala ngokuthambeka, uxinzelelo olukhulu lwangaphakathi lwamanzi, kufutshane nendlu yombane, kunye noxinzelelo lwe-hydrodynamic lwehamile yamanzi. Ke ngoko, ikwabizwa ngokuba ngumbhobho woxinzelelo oluphezulu okanye umbhobho wamanzi oxinzelelo oluphezulu.
Umsebenzi wombhobho woxinzelelo lwamanzi kukuthutha amandla amanzi. Kunokuthiwa ukuba i-penstock ilingana "ne-artery" yesikhululo samandla ombane.
1、 Uhlobo lwesakhiwo sepenstock
Ngokwezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo, izinto eziphathekayo, ukuhlelwa kombhobho kunye neendaba ezijikelezayo, iifom zesakhiwo se-penstocks ziyahluka.
(1) Dam penstock
1. Umbhobho ongcwatywe edamini
Iipenstocks ezingcwatywe kwikhonkrithi yomzimba wedama zibizwa ngokuba yimibhobho efakwe edameni. Imibhobho yentsimbi isoloko isetyenziswa. Iifom zoyilo zibandakanya iishafti ezithambekileyo, ezithe tye nezithe nkqo
2. Penstock emva kwedama
Ukufakelwa kwemibhobho engcwatyiweyo kweli dama kunophazamiseko olukhulu ekwakhiweni kwedama, kwaye kuchaphazela ukomelela kwedama. Ngoko ke, umbhobho wentsimbi unokucwangciswa kwithambeka ledama elisezantsi emva kokudlula kumzimba wedama ongasentla ukuze ube ngumbhobho ongemva wedama.
(2) Umphezulu penstock
I-penstock ye-diversion type ground powerhouse idla ngokubekwa kwindawo evulekileyo ecaleni komgca wethambeka lentaba ukwenza i-ground penstock, ebizwa ngokuba ngumbhobho ovulekileyo okanye i-penstock evulekile.
Ngokwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zemibhobho, kukho iindidi ezimbini:
1. Umbhobho wentsimbi
2. Umbhobho wekhonkrithi oqinisiweyo
(3) Isitokhwe sangaphantsi komhlaba
Xa iimeko ze-topographical kunye ne-geological ayifanelekanga ukulungiswa kombhobho ovulekileyo okanye isikhululo samandla silungiselelwe phantsi komhlaba, i-penstock isoloko ihlelwe ngaphantsi komhlaba ukuba ibe yi-penstock ephantsi komhlaba. Kukho iindidi ezimbini zeepenstocks eziphantsi komhlaba: umbhobho ongcwatywe kunye nombhobho ogcwaliswe ngasemva.
2, Imo yokubonelela ngamanzi ukusuka kwi-penstock ukuya kwi-injini yomoya
1. Unikezelo lwamanzi olwahlukileyo: ipenanti enye inika amanzi kuphela kwiyunithi enye, oko kukuthi, umbhobho omnye unikezelo lwamanzi lweyunithi enye.
2. Ubonelelo lwamanzi oludibeneyo: umbhobho ongundoqo unikezela ngamanzi kuzo zonke iiyunithi zesikhululo samandla emva kokuba isiphelo sibifurcates.
3. Ubonelelo lwamanzi oludibeneyo
Umbhobho ngamnye oyintloko uya kubonelela ngamanzi kwiiyunithi ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu emva kwe-branching ekupheleni, oko kukuthi, iipayipi ezininzi kunye neeyunithi ezininzi.
Nokuba unikezelo lwamanzi oludibeneyo okanye unikezelo lwamanzi lweqela luyamkelwa, inani leeyunithi eziqhagamshelwe kumbhobho wamanzi ngamnye akufanele lidlule kwi-4.
3, Imo yokungena kwamanzi kwi-penstock engena kwindlu yombane wamanzi
I-axis ye-penstock kunye nolwalathiso oluhambelanayo lwesityalo lunokulungiswa ngendlela efanelekileyo, esecaleni okanye e-oblique.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-17-2022
