I-turbine yamanzi ngumatshini wamandla oguqula amandla okuhamba kwamanzi abe ngamandla oomatshini abajikelezayo. Yeyoomatshini be-turbine boomatshini bolwelo. Kwasekuqaleni kwe-100 BC, kwavela isiseko se-turbine yamanzi - i-turbine yamanzi eTshayina, eyayisetyenziselwa ukuphakamisa ukunkcenkceshela nokuqhuba izixhobo zokucubungula iinkozo. Uninzi lwee-turbine zamanzi zanamhlanje zifakelwa kwizikhululo zamandla ombane ukuze ziqhube iijenereyitha ukuvelisa umbane. Kwisikhululo samandla ombane, amanzi akwidama elingaphezulu akhokelwa kwi-turbine ye-hydraulic ngokusebenzisa umbhobho we-headrace ukuze aqhube umgijimi we-turbine ukuba ajikeleze kwaye aqhube ijenereyitha ukuvelisa umbane. Amanzi agqityiweyo akhutshelwa ngezantsi ngombhobho we-tailrace. Okukhona intloko yamanzi iphakama kwaye kokukhona ukukhupha okukhulu, kokukhona amandla okukhupha e-turbine ye-hydraulic aba maninzi.
Iyunithi ye-turbine yetyhubhu kwisikhululo samandla ombane inengxaki ye-cavitation kwigumbi lokubaleka le-turbine, eyenza ikakhulu i-cavitation enobubanzi obuyi-200mm kunye nobunzulu obuyi-1-6mm kwigumbi lokubaleka kwindawo yokungena nangaphandle kwamanzi yeblade efanayo, ebonisa iibhanti ze-cavitation kuyo yonke indawo. Ngokukodwa, i-cavitation kwinxalenye ephezulu yegumbi lokubaleka ibonakala ngakumbi, inobunzulu obuyi-10-20mm. Izizathu ze-cavitation kwigumbi lokubaleka le-turbine zihlalutywa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
I-runner kunye neblade yesikhululo samandla ombane senziwe ngentsimbi engagqwaliyo, kwaye izinto eziphambili zegumbi le-runner yi-Q235. Ukuqina kwayo kunye nokumelana kwayo ne-cavitation akulunganga. Ngenxa yomthamo wokugcina amanzi ovimba, i-reservoir ibisebenza kwintloko yoyilo ephezulu kakhulu ixesha elide, kwaye inani elikhulu lamaqamza omphunga livela emanzini asemva. Ngexesha lokusebenza, amanzi ahamba kwi-hydraulic turbine kwindawo apho uxinzelelo luphantsi kunoxinzelelo lokufuma. Amanzi adlula kwi-blade gap ayanyibilika aze abilise ukuze avelise amaqamza omphunga, avelise uxinzelelo lwempembelelo yendawo, abangele impembelelo rhoqo kuxinzelelo lwesinyithi kunye nolwe-water hammer, abangele imithwalo yempembelelo ephindaphindayo kumphezulu wesinyithi, abangele umonakalo wezinto. Ngenxa yoko, i-metal crystal cavitation iyawa. I-cavitation yenzeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwigumbi le-runner kwindawo yokungena kunye neyokuphuma ye-blade efanayo. Ke ngoko, phantsi kokusebenza kwentloko yamanzi ephezulu kakhulu ixesha elide, i-cavitation iyenzeka kancinci kwaye iyaqhubeka nobunzulu.
Sijonge ingxaki yokukhupha umoya kwigumbi lomqhubi we-turbine, isikhululo samandla ombane salungiswa ngokulungisa i-welding ekuqaleni, kodwa ingxaki enkulu yokukhupha umoya yafunyanwa kwakhona kwigumbi lomqhubi ngexesha lokugcinwa kamva. Kule meko, umntu ophetheyo kwishishini uqhagamshelane nathi kwaye enethemba lokuba singanceda ekusombululeni ingxaki yokukhupha umoya kwigumbi lomqhubi we-turbine. Iinjineli zethu ziphuhlise isicwangciso sokulungisa esijolise ekusekelwe kuhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lwezixhobo zeshishini. Ngelixa siqinisekisa ubungakanani bokulungisa, sikhethe izixhobo ze-carbon nano polymer ngokwemeko yokusebenza kwezixhobo ukuze zihlangabezane neemfuno zokusebenza kwexesha elide phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza kwindawo. Amanyathelo okulungisa kwindawo yile alandelayo:
1. Yenza unyango lokususa amafutha kumphezulu kwiindawo ezithintela ukubola kwesikhumba kwigumbi lokubaleka le-turbine;
2. Ukususa umhlwa ngokuqhumisa isanti;
3. Xuba izinto ze-Sorecun nano polymer uze uzifake kwindawo eza kulungiswa;
4. Qinisa izinto kwaye ujonge umphezulu wokulungisa.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Oktobha-14-2022
