Yintoni i-turbine yamanzi? Iyintoni isakhiwo se-turbine?

I-turbine ibhekisa kwisixhobo sokuhambisa umbane ngamanzi esiguqula isiphumo sobushushu bokuhamba kwamanzi sibe ngamandla e-kinetic ajikelezayo. Isitshixo sisetyenziswa kwizityalo zamanzi ukuqhuba ii-turbine zomoya ukuvelisa amandla e-electromagnetic, esisixhobo esibalulekileyo se-electromechanical kwizityalo zamanzi. Ngokomgaqo wayo, inokwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezimbini: i-impact turbine kunye ne-impact turbine. Makhe sijonge ukuba yintoni i-hydro turbine? Yintoni isakhiwo se-hydro turbine?

Yintoni i-turbine yamanzi?
I-turbine yamanzi yavela kwivili lamanzi okanye kwimoto engeniswa ngokungekho mthethweni kumaxesha amandulo. Ngo-1827, injineli yobuchwepheshe yaseFransi uB. Fourneron yenza i-turbine yempembelelo yamahashe amathandathu. Ngo-1849, yaphuculwa yisicwangciso soyilo lwenjineli yobuchwepheshe yaseMelika uJB Francis ukuvelisa i-turbine yanamhlanje kaFrancis, ngoko ke ibizwa ngokuba yi-turbine kaFrancis. I-turbine yempembelelo yenzeka ngo-1850. Ngo-1880, injineli yobuchwepheshe yaseMelika uLA Pelton yafumana ilungelo lelungelo lobunikazi le-turbine ye-impingement yohlobo lwebhakethi, ebizwa ngokuba yi-turbine kaPelton. Ngokuqhubeka kophuhliso kunye noyilo lweeprojekthi zamandla e-hydropower, iintlobo, iimpawu kunye nezakhiwo zee-turbine ze-hydraulic ziya zigqibelela ngakumbi nangakumbi. Ngo-1912, injineli yobuchwepheshe yase-Austria uV. Kaplan wayila i-turbine yokuqala ye-rotary propeller axial fan, ngoko ke yabizwa ngokuba yi-turbine kaKaplan. Ngeminyaka yoo-1940 kunye noo-1950, ii-turbine ze-axial-flow kunye ne-oblique-flow zavela enye emva kwenye. Kwangaxeshanye, indlela yophuhliso lwee-hydraulic turbines yayiyi-centrifugal pump turbines, ezazisetyenziswa kwizityalo zokugcina amandla ezimpompiweyo. Iindidi zee-turbines zinokudityaniswa kwiinjongo ezahlukeneyo kunye nemigaqo yeentloko zamanzi ezahlukeneyo kuphuhliso kunye noyilo lweeprojekthi zamandla e-hydropower. Emva kokusekwa kweRiphabliki yabantu baseTshayina, imveliso yemizi-mveliso yemveliso kunye nokuveliswa kwee-turbine zaseTshayina yagqitywa ngokukhawuleza. Kukho izityalo ezingaphezu kwama-20 zemveliso yee-turbine, ezivelise izixhobo ze-turbine ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-20 kW kunye nezixhobo zezityalo zamandla e-hydropower kulo lonke ilizwe, kwaye zithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.
Ngokweempawu zokudluliselwa kobushushu, ii-hydro turbines zahlulwe zibe ziindidi ezimbini, ezizezi uhlobo lohlaselo oluchaseneyo kunye nohlobo lwempembelelo. Kwaye uhlobo ngalunye lwe-turbine lwahlulwe ngokweefom ezahlukeneyo ngokweempawu zokuhamba kwamanzi kwindawo ye-shaft ejikelezayo kunye nohlobo lwesakhiwo se-shaft ejikelezayo.

Yintoni isakhiwo se-turbine?
I-hydraulic turbine yi-hydraulic turbine yezixhobo zoomatshini zokuvelisa umbane we-hydraulic. I-hydraulic turbine kunye ne-wind turbine, i-speed regulating motor, inkqubo yokulawula i-excitation kunye nenkqubo yolawulo lwesikhululo samandla zisetyenziswa kwizibonelelo ezixhasayo, ezenza umzimba ophambili wesikhululo samandla e-hydropower.
I-turbine yamanzi iyaphuhliswa kwaye iveliswe ngokwedatha kunye nobukhulu bentloko yamanzi. Umsebenzi wayo kukuguqula amanzi abe ngamandla oomatshini kunye nokukhuthaza ukuveliswa kwamandla ee-turbine zomoya. I-turbine ngokwayo ine-shaft ye-turbine, iringi yesihlalo se-turbine, i-volute ye-turbine kunye ne-main shaft bearing ye-turbine. Ukongeza, kuxhomekeke kwiinkcukacha, izixhobo ezongezelelweyo kunye namacandelo nazo ziyafakelwa. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zee-turbine zinezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo.