Yintoni iturbine yamanzi? Yintoni ulwakhiwo lweinjini yomoya?

I-Turbine ibhekiselele kwisixhobo sokuhambisa umbane ngamanzi esiguqula isiphumo sobushushu sokuhamba kwamanzi sibe ngamandla ajikelezayo ekinetic. Isitshixo sisetyenziswa kwizityalo zombane wamanzi ukuqhuba iiinjini zomoya ukuvelisa amandla ombane wombane, osisixhobo esibalulekileyo somatshini wombane kwizityalo zombane. Ngokomgaqo wayo, inokohlulwa ibe ziindidi ezimbini: i-turbine yempembelelo kunye ne-imperial turbine. Makhe sijonge ukuba yintoni i-hydro turbine? Yintoni isakhiwo se-hydro turbine?

Yintoni iturbine yamanzi?
I-injini ye-injini yamanzi ivele kwivili lamanzi okanye kwimoto eshushumbisayo kumaxesha amandulo. Ngo-1827, injineli yobugcisa yaseFransi uB. Fourneron yenza i-6-horsepower impact turbine. Ngo-1849, yaphuculwa yinkqubo yoyilo yenjineli yobuchwephesha yaseMelika u-JB Francis ukuvelisa i-injini yomoya kaFrancis yeli xesha, ngoko ibizwa ngokuba yiFrancis turbine. Iturbine yempembelelo yenzeka ngo-1850. Ngo-1880, injineli yobuchwephesha yaseMelika i-LA Pelton yafumana ilungelo lelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wohlobo lwe-emele yohlobo lwe-impingement turbine, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Pelton turbine. Ngenkqubela phambili yophuhliso kunye noyilo lweeprojekthi zombane, iintlobo, iimpawu kunye nezakhiwo zeeinjini zomoya oqhutywa ngamanzi ziya zigqibelela ngakumbi. Ngomnyaka we-1912, injineli yobuchwephesha yaseAustria uV. Kaplan wayila i-rotary propeller axial fan turbine yokuqala, ngoko ke yayibizwa ngokuba yiKaplan turbine. Ngeminyaka yee-1940 kunye nee-1950, ii-axial-flow kunye ne-oblique-flow turbines zavela enye emva kwenye. Kwangaxeshanye, indlela yophuhliso lwee turbines zehydraulic yayiyi centrifugal pump turbines, ezazisetyenziswa kwiplanti zamandla ezimpompelweyo. Iindidi zee turbines zinokudityaniswa kwiinjongo ezahlukeneyo kunye nemimiselo yeentloko zamanzi ezahlukeneyo kuphuhliso kunye noyilo lweeprojekthi zombane wamanzi. Emva kokusekwa kweRiphabhlikhi yaBantu baseTshayina, ukuveliswa kwemveliso ye-injini yomoya yaseTshayina kunye nokuveliswa kwagqitywa ngokukhawuleza. Kukho ngaphezu kwe-20 yezityalo ze-injini yokuvelisa, ezivelise ngaphezulu kwe-20 yezigidi ze-kW zezixhobo ze-injini yomoya kunye nezixhobo zemizi-mveliso yombane wamanzi kulo lonke ilizwe, kwaye zithunyelwe kumazwe aphesheya.
Ngokweempawu zokufuduswa kobushushu, iiinjini ze-hydro zahlulwe zibe ziindidi ezimbini, ezizezi, uhlobo lokuhlasela kunye nohlobo lwempembelelo. Kwaye uhlobo ngalunye lwe-injini yomoya lwahlulwe ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo ngokweempawu zokuqukuqela kwamanzi kwindawo yeshaft ejikelezayo kunye nohlobo lwesakhiwo seshafti ejikelezayo.

Yintoni ulwakhiwo lweinjini yomoya?
Iinjini yolwelo lolwelo lolwelo lwamanzi yiinjini yolwelo lolwelo lolwelo lolwelo lolwelo lolwelo lolwelo lolwelo lombane lesixhobo somatshini. I-hydraulic turbine kunye ne-wind turbine, i-motor elawula isantya, inkqubo yokulawula i-excitation kunye nenkqubo yokulawula isikhululo samandla asetyenziswa kwizibonelelo ezixhasayo, ezenza umzimba oyintloko wesikhululo sombane wamanzi.
I-injini ye-injini yamanzi iyaphuhliswa kwaye iveliswe ngokokuhamba kwedatha kunye nobukhulu bentloko yamanzi. Umsebenzi wayo kukuguqula amanzi abe ngamandla oomatshini kunye nokukhuthaza ukuveliswa kwamandla kwiiinjini zomoya. I-iturbine ngokwayo ibandakanya ishafti yeinjini yomoya, iringi yesitulo seinjini yomoya, ivolote yeinjini yomoya kunye nebhafu yeshafti engundoqo yeinjini yomoya. Ukongezelela, kuxhomekeke kwiinkcukacha, izixhobo ezongezelelweyo kunye namacandelo nazo zifakwe. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zee turbines zinezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokusetyenziswa.