Ukuveliswa kombane owenziwe ngamanzi okwinqanaba elincinane (ekubhekiselwa kuwo njengombane omncinci wombane) akukho nkcazelo ingaguqukiyo kunye nomda woluhlu lwamandla kumazwe ehlabathi jikelele. Kwakwilizwe elinye, ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, imigangatho ayifani. Ngokubanzi, ngokomthamo ofakiweyo, umbane omncinci wombane unokwahlulwa ube ngamanqanaba amathathu: amancinci, amancinci kunye namancinci. Amanye amazwe anebanga elinye kuphela, kwaye amanye amazwe ahlulwe ngokwamabakala amabini, ahluke kakhulu. Ngokwemimiselo yangoku yelizwe lam, abo banomthamo ofakelweyo ongaphantsi kwama-25,000 kW babizwa ngokuba zizikhululo zombane ezincinci zamanzi; ezo zinomthamo ofakelweyo ongekho ngaphantsi kwama-25,000 kW nangaphantsi kwama-250,000 kW zizikhululo zoveliso lombane ezinobungakanani obuphakathi; ezo zinomthamo ofakelweyo ongaphezulu kwama-250,000 kW zizikhululo zombane omkhulu wamanzi.
Ubuchwephesha obuncinci bombane owenziwe ngamanzi Ubuchwephesha bokuguqula amandla e-kinetic emanzini abe kwezinye iindlela zamandla yinkqubo esekwe kakuhle kwaye isetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo iinkulungwane ukwenza umbane. Ke ngoko, iye yaba yenye yezona ndlela ziphambili zokuvelisa amandla kumazwe amaninzi, ngakumbi kumazwe angaphuhliswanga kangako eAfrika, eAsia naseMzantsi Melika. Itekhnoloji yaqala ngenqanaba elincinci kwaye yanceda uluntu oluninzi kufutshane neejenereyitha, kodwa njengoko ulwazi lusanda, lwenza ukuba umbane omkhulu kunye nokuhanjiswa komgama omde. Iijenereyitha ezinkulu ezivelisa umbane ngamanzi zisebenzisa amadama amakhulu afuna ukwakhiwa kwamadama akhethekileyo ukuze kulawuleke ukuhamba kwamanzi, nto leyo edla ngokufuna ukusetyenziswa komhlaba omkhulu ukulungiselela le njongo. Ngenxa yoko, kuye kwakho iinkxalabo ezikhulayo malunga nefuthe lolo phuhliso kwindalo esingqongileyo nakwizinto eziphilayo. Ezi nkxalabo, kunye neendleko eziphezulu zothumelo, zitsalele umdla emva kwimveliso yombane omncinci ophehlwa ngamanzi. Ekuqaleni, kwiinqanaba zokuqala zokuphuhliswa kobu buchwepheshe, ukuveliswa kombane kwakungeyona injongo yayo ephambili. Amandla e-hydraulic asetyenziswa ikakhulu ukwenza umsebenzi womatshini ukufezekisa imisebenzi ecetywayo efana nokumpompa amanzi (zombini unikezelo lwamanzi asekhaya kunye nokunkcenkceshela), ukucola ukutya okuziinkozo kunye nemisebenzi yoomatshini kwimisebenzi yoshishino.
Amaziko ombane amakhulu abekwe kwindawo esembindini abonakalise ukuba zibiza imali eninzi kwaye wonakaliswa kwendalo, nto leyo ephazamisa ulungelelwaniso lwenkqubo yendalo. Amava asixelela ukuba ngowona mthombo weendleko eziphezulu zothumelo kunye nesiphumo sokusetyenziswa okuphezulu kombane. Ngaphandle koko, akukho milambo eMpuma Afrika enokuxhasa ngokuzinzileyo nangokuzinzileyo izixhobo ezinjalo, kodwa kukho imilambo emincinane enokusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa umbane omncinci. Ezi zixhobo kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo ukubonelela ngombane kumakhaya agqagqeneyo asemaphandleni. Ngaphandle kwemilambo, kukho ezinye iindlela zokufumana umbane kwimithombo yamanzi. Umzekelo, i-thermal energy yamanzi olwandle, amandla olwandle, amandla amaza kunye ne-geothermal energy zonke ziyimithombo yamandla esekwe emanzini enokuthi isetyenziswe. Ngaphandle kwamandla e-geothermal kunye namandla ombane owenziwe ngamanzi, ukusetyenziswa kwayo yonke eminye imithombo yamandla enxulumene namanzi akubanga nampembelelo ibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yobonelelo lombane lwehlabathi. Nkqu nombane owenziwe ngamanzi, obunye bobona buchwepheshe budala bokuvelisa umbane obuphuhliswe kakuhle kwaye busetyenziswa kumlinganiselo omkhulu namhlanje, benza kuphela malunga ne-3% yokuveliswa kombane uwonke ehlabathini. Amandla ombane oveliswa ngamanzi njengomthombo wamandla aphezulu e-Afrika kunaseMpuma Yurophu kwaye unokuthelekiswa nawokuMntla Melika. Kodwa ngelishwa, nangona ilizwekazi laseAfrika likhokela ihlabathi kumandla ombane angasetyenziswanga, amawakawaka abahlali abakakwazi ukufikelela kumbane. Umthetho-siseko wokusetyenziswa kombane oveliswa ngamanzi ubandakanya ukuguqula amandla anokubakho aqulethwe emanzini akwidama ukuba abe ngamandla ekinetic angena simahla ukwenzela umsebenzi woomatshini. Oku kuthetha ukuba izixhobo ezigcina amanzi kufuneka zibe ngaphezu kwendawo yokuguqula amandla (njengejenereyitha). Ubungakanani kunye nolwalathiso lokuhamba kwamanzi ngokukhululekileyo lulawulwa ngokuyinhloko ngokusetyenziswa kwemibhobho yamanzi, eqondisa ukuhamba kwamanzi apho inkqubo yokuguqulwa yenzeka khona, ngaloo ndlela ivelisa umbane. 1
Indima nokubaluleka kombane omncinci wamanzi Ushishino lwamandla lelona shishini liphambili kuqoqosho lwesizwe. Amandla nawo ngumba ocinezelayo kwilizwe lethu namhlanje. Ukufakelwa kombane ezilalini ngumba obalulekileyo wophuculo lwezolimo, kwaye imithombo emincinci yesizwe yombane oveliswa ngamanzi ikwangumthombo olungileyo wokubonelela ngombane wasemaphandleni. Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, ngenkxaso yemigangatho karhulumente neyengingqi, imikhosi eyahlukeneyo iye yadityaniswa, ulawulo lwamanzi kunye nokuveliswa kombane ziye zadityaniswa ngokusondeleyo, kwaye ishishini lokuvelisa umbane omncinci owenziwe ngamanzi liphumelele uphuhliso olunamandla. izibonelelo zombane ezincinci zelizwe lam zityebile kakhulu. Ngokophando lwemithombo yamandla ombane yasemaphandleni (I0MW≤single station install capacity≤50MW) eququzelelwe ngurhulumente, isixa esiphuhliswayo semithombo yamandla ombane wamanzi asemaphandleni kweli lizwe yi-128 yezigidi ze-kW, apho isixa esiphuhliswayo semithombo yombane omncinci (ngaphezulu kwe-I0MW) ihlaziywa. Umlambo kunye ne-0.5MW≤ isikhululo esinye esifakelweyo
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-15-2022
