Amandla ombane yinkqubo yokuguqula amandla endalo amanzi abe ngamandla ombane kusetyenziswa iindlela zobunjineli. Yeyona ndlela isisiseko yokusetyenziswa kwamandla emanzini. Iinzuzo kukuba ayidli amafutha, ayingcolisi indalo, amandla amanzi anokuzaliswa ngokuqhubekayo yimvula, izixhobo zoomatshini kunye nombane zilula, kwaye umsebenzi uguquguqukayo kwaye ulungele. Nangona kunjalo, utyalo-mali ngokubanzi lukhulu, ixesha lokwakha lide, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ezinye iilahleko zezikhukhula zibangelwa. Amandla ombane ahlala edityaniswa nolawulo lwezandyondyo, ukunkcenkceshela, ukuhambisa ngenqanawa, njl.njl ukuze kusetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo.
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zokwenziwa kombane oqhutywa ngamanzi:
1. Umbane oqhelekileyo wamanzi
Oko kukuthi, amandla ombane ohlobo lwedama, okwakwaziwa njengomthombo wohlobo lomthombo wamanzi. Uvimba wenziwa ngokugcina amanzi edama, kwaye amandla awo aphezulu aphumayo amiselwa ngumahluko phakathi komthamo wedama kunye nendawo yokuphuma kwamanzi kunye nokuphakama komphezulu wamanzi. Lo mahluko wobude ubizwa ngokuba yintloko, ikwabizwa ngokuba kukuwisa okanye intloko, kwaye amandla anokubakho emanzini alingana nentloko.
2. Umbane wokuqhutywa komlambo (ROR)
Oko kukuthi, i-hydropower, ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-run-of-river hydropower, luhlobo lombane olusebenzisa umbane wamanzi kodwa lufuna kuphela umlinganiselo omncinci wamanzi okanye aludingi kugcina isixa esikhulu samanzi ukuvelisa umbane. Umbane ohamba ngamanzi ohamba ngomjelo ufuna phantse akukho kugcinwa kwamanzi, okanye indawo yokugcina amanzi encinci kakhulu, ebizwa ngokuba yichibi lokulungisa okanye i-forecourt xa kwakhiwa indawo encinci yokugcina amanzi. Ngenxa yokungabikho kweendawo ezinkulu zokugcina amanzi, ukuveliswa kwamandla okuhamba komsinga kunovakalelo kakhulu kutshintsho lwamaxesha onyaka kubungakanani bamanzi asetyenziswa kwimithombo yamanzi, ngoko ke izityalo zamandla okuhamba komsinga zidla ngokuchazwa njengemithombo yamandla ephazamisayo. Kwaye ukuba i-pool yokulawula yakhiwe kwisityalo samandla sase-Chuanliu esinokuhlengahlengisa ukuhamba kwamanzi nanini na, siya kusetyenziswa njengesixhobo sombane sokucheba i-peak-shaving okanye isiseko somthwalo wamandla.
3. Amandla amaza
Ukuveliswa kombane wamaza kusekwe ekunyukeni nasekuweni kwamaqondo amanzi olwandle okubangelwa ngamaza. Ngokuqhelekileyo, amadama akhelwe ukugcina umbane, kodwa kukwakho ukusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kokuhamba kwamanzi aveliswa ngamaza ukuze kuveliswe umbane. Azikho iindawo ezininzi ehlabathini ezilungele ukuveliswa kombane wamaza, kodwa ezisibhozo e-UK ziqikelelwa ukuba zinesakhono sokuhlangabezana ne-20% yeemfuno zombane zelizwe.
Kakade ke, ezi ntlobo zintathu zokuveliswa kombane wamanzi zizikhululo zombane zesiqhelo, kwaye kukho olunye uhlobo lwesikhululo samandla, iSikhululo saMandla sePumped Storage, esisebenzisa ngokubanzi umbane ogqithisileyo kwinkqubo yamandla (ixesha lezikhukula, iholide, okanye umbane ophantsi kwintlambo kwisiqingatha sesibini sobusuku). ), amanzi akwindawo yokugcina amanzi ampompelwa kwindawo engaphezulu ukuze agcinwe; xa inkqubo yomthwalo iphezulu, amanzi akwindawo yokugcina amanzi abekwe phantsi, kwaye i-injini yomoya iqhutywa yiiturbine ukuvelisa umbane. Inomsebenzi ombaxa-mbili wokutsheva okuphezulu kunye nokuzaliswa kwentlambo, kwaye yeyona nto ifanelekileyo yokutsheva unikezelo lwamandla kwinkqubo yamandla. Ukongeza, inokulawula i-frequency, isigaba, i-voltage kwaye isebenze njenge-backup, edlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wegridi yamandla kunye nokuphucula uqoqosho lwenkqubo.
Isikhululo samandla esimpompelweyo ngokwaso asivelisi umbane, kodwa sidlala indima ekulungelelaniseni ukuchasana phakathi kokuveliswa kombane kunye nonikezelo lwamandla kwigridi yamandla; inendima enkulu kulawulo oluphezulu ngexesha leencopho zomthwalo wexesha elifutshane; ukuqala kunye nokutshintsha kwemveliso ngokukhawuleza, okunokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kokunikezelwa kwamandla kwigridi yamandla kunye nokuphucula igridi yamandla. umgangatho wamandla. Ngoku alahlelwanga njengombane wamanzi, kodwa ukugcinwa kombane.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho izikhululo zombane wamanzi ezili-193 ezisebenzayo ezinomthamo ofakelweyo ongaphezulu kwe-1,000 MW kuwo onke amazwe ehlabathini, kwaye ezingama-21 zisakhiwa. Phakathi kwazo, kukho izikhululo zombane ezingama-55 ezinomthamo ofakiweyo ongaphezulu kwe-1,000MW ezisebenza eTshayina, kwaye ezi-5 zisakhiwa, zibekwe kwindawo yokuqala emhlabeni.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-14-2022
