Kutshanje, iPhondo laseSichuan likhuphe uxwebhu "isaziso esingxamisekileyo ekwandiseni umda wonikezelo lwamandla kumashishini amashishini kunye nabantu", efuna bonke abasebenzisi bamandla ukuba bayeke ukuvelisa iintsuku ezi-6 kwisikimu sokusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokulungeleleneyo. Ngenxa yoko, inani elikhulu leenkampani ezidwelisiweyo zachaphazeleka. Ngokukhutshwa kwee-communiques ezininzi, ulwabiwo lwamandla eSichuan luye lwaba ngumba oshushu.
Ngokoxwebhu olukhutshwe ngokudibeneyo liSebe lezoqoqosho kunye nobuchwepheshe bolwazi lwePhondo laseSichuan kunye nenkampani yamandla ombane yeState Grid Sichuan, ixesha lokuthintelwa kwamandla ombane livela kwi-0: 00 ngo-Agasti 15 ukuya kwi-24: 00 ngo-Agasti 20, 2022.
Ngokwezibhengezo zeenkampani ezidwelisiweyo, iintlobo zeenkampani kunye namashishini abandakanyekayo ekunciphiseni amandla eSichuan okwangoku aquka izinto ze-silicon, izichumisi zekhemikhali, iikhemikhali, iibhetri, njl. Ezi zonke zimashishini asebenzisa amandla aphezulu, kwaye la mashishini awona mandla aphambili okunyuka kwexabiso kwi-boom yakutshanje kwimpahla eninzi. Ngoku, inkampani iye yafumana ukuvalwa kwexesha elide, kwaye impembelelo yayo kwishishini yanele ukutsala ingqalelo yawo onke amaqela.
I-Sichuan liphondo elikhulu kwishishini le-photovoltaic laseChina. Ukongeza kwishishini lendawo iTongwei, amandla e-Jingke kunye nethekhnoloji ye-GCL imisele iziseko zokuvelisa eSichuan. Kufuneka kucaciswe ukuba inqanaba lokusetyenziswa kwamandla emveliso ye-photovoltaic silicon kunye nekhonkco lokutsala intonga liphezulu, kwaye ukuthintela amandla kunempembelelo enkulu kula makhonkco amabini. Lo mjikelo wothintelo lwamandla wenza imarike ixhalabe malunga nokuba ukungalingani phakathi konikezelo kunye nemfuno yesixokelelwano semizi-mveliso esele sikhona kuya kuba mbi ngakumbi.
Ngokutsho kwedatha, umthamo osebenzayo we-silicon yesinyithi e-Sichuan yi-817000 yeetoni, ibalwa malunga ne-16% yelizwe lonke. NgoJulayi, imveliso ye-silicon yensimbi e-Sichuan yayiyi-65600 yeetoni, ibalwa kwi-21% yokunikezelwa kwelizwe lonke. Okwangoku, ixabiso lezinto ze-silicon likwizinga eliphezulu. Ngomhla we-10 ku-Agasti, ixabiso eliphezulu lokutya kwekristale enye liye lanyuka laya kwi-308000 yuan / ton.
Ukongeza kwizinto ze-silicon kunye namanye amashishini achaphazelekayo ngumgaqo-nkqubo wokukhawulela amandla, i-aluminium ye-electrolytic, ibhetri ye-lithium, isichumisi kunye namanye amashishini kwiPhondo laseSichuan nawo aya kuchaphazeleka.
KwangoJulayi, iphephancwadi lamandla lafunda ukuba amashishini emizi-mveliso nezorhwebo e-Chengdu nakwiindawo eziyingqongileyo atsala nzima ngenxa yomlinganiselo wombane. Omnye umntu ophethe ishishini lokuvelisa waxelela intatheli yeEnergy Magazine oku: “Kufuneka sikhangele phambili ekufumaneni umbane ngokungaphazanyiswa mihla le.” Eyona nto yoyikisa kakhulu kukuba ngequbuliso sixelelwa ukuba umbane uya kunqunyulwa ngoko nangoko, yaye asinaxesha lakulungiselela ukuvalwa kwawo.
ISichuan liphondo elikhulu lombane. Ngokwethiyori, ikwixesha leemvula. Kutheni kukho ingxaki enkulu yothintelo lwamandla eSichuan?
Ukunqongophala kwamanzi kwixesha leemvula sesona sizathu sokuba kutheni iPhondo laseSichuan linyanzeleke ukuba liphumeze uthintelo lombane olungqongqo kulo nyaka.
Umbane waseTshayina uneempawu ezicacileyo “zehlobo elininzi kunye nobusika obomileyo”. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ixesha leemvula eSichuan liqala ngoJuni ukuya kuOktobha, kwaye ixesha elomileyo lisukela ngoDisemba ukuya kuAprili.
Nangona kunjalo, imozulu kweli hlobo ayiqhelekanga ngokugqithisileyo.
Ngokwembono yogcino lwamanzi, imbalela yalo nyaka imbi kakhulu, ichaphazela kakhulu umthamo wamanzi eYangtze River Basin. Ukusukela phakathi kuJuni, imvula kwiYangtze River Basin itshintshile ukusuka ngaphezulu ukuya ngaphantsi. Phakathi kwabo, imvula ekupheleni kukaJuni ingaphantsi kwe-20%, kwaye ngoJulayi ingaphantsi kwe-30%. Ngokukodwa, umlambo oyintloko weendawo ezisezantsi zoMlambo waseYangtze kunye nenkqubo yamanzi yasePoyang Lake ingaphantsi kwe-50%, eyona nto iphantsi kakhulu kwixesha elifanayo kwiminyaka eyi-10 yokugqibela.
Kudliwanondlebe, uZhang Jun, umlawuli we-hydrology bureau yeKhomishoni yoMlambo waseYangtze kunye nomlawuli weenkcukacha zamanzi kunye neziko loqikelelo, wathi: okwangoku, ngenxa yokungabikho kwamanzi angenayo, umthamo wokugcina amanzi kwiindawo ezininzi zokulawula kwiindawo eziphezulu zoMlambo waseYangtze zincinci, kwaye inqanaba lamanzi omlambo ongundoqo ophuma emlanjeni uyehla kumbindi we-Yang. elingaphantsi ngokuphawulekayo kunelo kwangelo xesha linye embalini. Umzekelo, umgangatho wamanzi wezikhululo eziphambili ezifana neHankou kunye neDatong yi-5-6 yeemitha ngaphantsi. Kuqikelelwa ukuba imvula kwi-Yangtze River Basin iseza kuba ngaphantsi embindini nasekupheleni kuka-Agasti, ingakumbi emazantsi ombindi kunye namazantsi oMlambo iYangtze.
Ngomhla we-13 ka-Agasti, umgangatho wamanzi kwisikhululo saseHankou soMlambo waseYangtze e-Wuhan wawuyi-17.55m, eyawela ngokuthe ngqo kwixabiso eliphantsi ngexesha elifanayo ukususela kwiirekhodi ze-hydrological.
Imozulu eyomileyo ayikhokelela kuphela ekunciphiseni okubukhali kwimveliso yombane wamanzi, kodwa ikwanyusa ngokuthe ngqo umthwalo wamandla wokupholisa.
Ukusukela ekuqaleni kwehlobo, ngenxa yobushushu obugqithisileyo, imfuno yamandla okupholisa umoya iye yanda. Intengiso ye-State Grid Sichuan amandla ombane ngoJulayi ifikelele kwi-29.087 yezigidigidi kwh, ukwanda kwe-19.79% unyaka nonyaka, ibeka irekhodi elitsha lokuthengiswa kombane kwinyanga enye.
Ukusukela ngomhla we-4 ukuya kowe-16 kaJulayi, iSichuan yafumana imozulu yexesha elide kunye nobushushu obuphezulu obungafane bubonwe embalini. Owona mthwalo uphezulu wegridi yamandla eSichuan ufikelele kwi-59.1 yezigidi zeekilowatts, ukwanda nge-14% kunonyaka ophelileyo. Umyinge wokusetyenziswa kombane wemihla ngemihla kubahlali ufikelele kwi-344 yezigidi zekwh, ukwanda ngama-93.3% kunonyaka ophelileyo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukunikezelwa kwamandla kuyancipha kakhulu, kwaye ngakolunye uhlangothi, umthwalo wamandla uyaqhubeka nokukhula. Ukungalingani phakathi konikezelo lwamandla kunye nemfuno iyaqhubeka ilahleka kwaye ayinakuncitshiswa. Okubangela ukuba ekugqibeleni kuthintelwe amandla.
Izizathu ezinzulu:
Ukuchasana konikezelo kunye nokungabikho kwamandla okulawula
Nangona kunjalo, iSichuan ikwaliphondo lokuhambisa amandla emveli. NgoJuni ka-2022, igridi yamandla yaseSichuan iqokelele i-1.35 yetriliyoni ye-kwh yombane ukuya eMpuma China, kuMntla-ntshona weTshayina, kuMntla we-China, kumbindi we-China, eChongqing naseTibet.
Oku kungenxa yokuba unikezelo lombane kwiPhondo laseSichuan luyintsalela ngokokuveliswa kombane. Ngo-2021, ukuveliswa kwamandla kwiPhondo laseSichuan kuya kuba yi-432.95 billion kwh, ngelixa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla oluntu lonke kuya kuba yi-327.48 yeebhiliyoni ze-kwh. Ukuba ayithunyelwanga, kuya kuhlala kukho inkcitho yombane wamanzi eSichuan.
Okwangoku, umthamo wokuhanjiswa kwamandla kwiPhondo laseSichuan ufikelele kwi-30.6 yezigidi zeekilowatts, kwaye kukho imijelo "emine ngqo kunye nesibhozo etshintshanayo".
Nangona kunjalo, ukuhanjiswa kweSichuan Hydropower ayisiyiyo "ndiyisebenzisa kuqala, kwaye emva koko ndiyihambise xa ndingakwazi ukuyisebenzisa", kodwa ngumgaqo ofanayo "wokuhlawula njengoko uhamba". Kukho isivumelwano sokuba "ukuthunyelwa nini kwaye ukuthunyelwa malini" kumaphondo apho amandla ahanjiswa khona.
Abahlobo baseSichuan banokuziva "bengafanelekanga", kodwa oku kubonisa ukubaluleka kwekhontrakthi. Ukuba akukho kuhanjiswa kwangaphandle, ulwakhiwo lombane oqhutywa ngamanzi kwiPhondo laseSichuan luya kuba lungenaqoqosho, kwaye akusayi kubakho zikhululo zombane ezininzi kangaka. Le yindleko yophuhliso phantsi kwenkqubo yangoku kunye nendlela.
Nangona kunjalo, nokuba akukho kuhanjiswa kwangaphandle, kusekho ukunqongophala kombane wamaxesha athile eSichuan, iphondo elikhulu lombane wamanzi.
Kukho iiyantlukwano zamaxesha onyaka kunye nokunqongophala kwamandla okulawula ukubaleka kumbane oqhutywa ngamanzi e-China. Oku kuthetha ukuba isikhululo sombane wamanzi sinokuthembela kuphela kwisixa samanzi angenayo ukuvelisa umbane. Nje ukuba kufike ixesha elomileyo lasebusika, ukuveliswa kombane kwisikhululo soveliso lombane kuya kuhla kakhulu. Ke ngoko, amandla ombane aseTshayina aneempawu ezicacileyo “zehlobo elininzi kunye nobusika obomileyo”. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ixesha leemvula eSichuan liqala ngoJuni ukuya kuOktobha, kwaye ixesha elomileyo lisukela ngoDisemba ukuya kuAprili.
Ngexesha leemvula, ukuveliswa kwamandla kukhulu, kwaye unikezelo ludlula imfuno, ngoko kukho "amanzi ashiywe". Ngexesha lonyaka elomileyo, ukuveliswa kombane akonelanga, nto leyo enokukhokelela ekuboneleleni okungaphaya kwemfuneko.
Kunjalo, iPhondo laseSichuan likwanezinto ezithile zolawulo lwamaxesha onyaka, kwaye ngoku ubukhulu becala lulawulo lwamandla obushushu.
Ngo-Okthobha ka-2021, umthamo wamandla ofakelweyo wePhondo laseSichuan ube ngaphaya kwe-100 lezigidi zeekilowathi, kuqukwa ne-85.9679 yezigidi zeekilowathi zombane oqhutywa ngamanzi kunye nangaphantsi kwe-20 yezigidi zeekilowathi zombane oshushu. Ngokwesicwangciso se-14 seminyaka emihlanu samandla e-Sichuan, ngo-2025, amandla okushisa aya kuba malunga ne-23 yezigidi ze-kilowatts.
Nangona kunjalo, ngoJulayi kulo nyaka, ubukhulu bomthamo wamandla wegridi yamandla yaseSichuan ifikelele kwi-59.1 yezigidi zeekilowatts. Ngokucacileyo, ukuba kukho ingxaki enkulu yokuba i-hydropower ayikwazi ukuvelisa umbane kumanzi aphantsi (nangona ngaphandle kokuqwalasela umqathango we-fuel), kunzima ukuxhasa umthwalo wamandla we-Sichuan ngamandla okushisa kuphela.
Enye indlela yommiselo kukuzilawula ngokwaso kwamandla ombane. Okokuqala, isikhululo sombane wamanzi sikwayindawo yokugcina amanzi enezinto ezahlukeneyo zokugcina amanzi. Ulawulo lwamanzi onyaka lunokuphunyezwa ukunika umbane ngexesha lonyaka elomileyo. Nangona kunjalo, amadama ezikhululo zombane wamanzi ahlala enomthamo omncinci wokugcina kunye nomthamo ophantsi wolawulo. Ngoko ke, i-reservoir ehamba phambili iyafuneka.
Indawo yokugcina amanzi iLongtou yakhiwe kweyona ndawo iphezulu yesikhululo samandla esikwidisyini. Umthamo wokuvelisa amandla ofakiweyo uncinci okanye awukho, kodwa umthamo wokugcina mkhulu. Ngale ndlela, ulawulo lokuhamba kwexesha lonyaka lunokwenziwa.
Ngokweenkcukacha zorhulumente wephondo laseSichuan, umthamo ofakiweyo wezikhululo zamandla ombane ezinomthamo wamaxesha onyaka nangaphezulu kolawulo ungaphantsi kwe-40% yomthamo ofakiweyo wombane oveliswa ngamanzi. Ukuba ukunqongophala okukhulu kwamandla kweli hlotyana yinto eyenzeka ngamaxesha athile, ukunqongophala kombane ngexesha elomileyo ebusika eSichuan kunokuba yimeko eqhelekileyo.
Indlela yokuphepha ukunciphisa amandla?
Kukho amanqanaba amaninzi eengxaki. Okokuqala, ingxaki yamaxesha onyaka yombane ophehlwa ngamanzi ifuna ukomeleza ulwakhiwo lwedama elikhokelayo kunye nokwakhiwa kobonelelo lombane oluguqukayo. Ukuthathela ingqalelo imithintelo yekhabhoni yexesha elizayo, ukwakha isikhululo samandla obushushu kusenokungabi ngumbono olungileyo.
Ngokubhekiselele kumava eNorway, ilizwe laseNordic, i-90% yamandla ayo inikezelwa ngamandla e-hydropower, engaqinisekisanga kuphela ukhuseleko kunye nokuzinza kwamandla asekhaya, kodwa inokuvelisa amandla aluhlaza. Isitshixo sempumelelo silele kulwakhiwo olufanelekileyo lwemarike yamandla kunye nomdlalo opheleleyo wolawulo lwamandla edama ngokwalo.
Ukuba ingxaki yexesha lonyaka ayinakusonjululwa, ngokwembono yentengiso ecocekileyo kunye nezoqoqosho, amandla ombane ahluke kwizikhukula kunye nezomileyo, ngoko ke ixabiso lombane kufuneka litshintshe ngokwendalo ngotshintsho lonikezelo kunye nemfuno. Ngaba oku kuya kuwenza buthathaka umtsalane weSichuan kumashishini asebenzisa amandla aphezulu?
Kakade ke, oku akunakwenziwa ngokubanzi. I-Hydropower ngamandla acocekileyo nahlaziyekayo. Akunjalo kuphela ixabiso lombane kodwa kunye nexabiso layo eliluhlaza kufuneka liqwalaselwe. Ngaphezu koko, ingxaki yamanzi aphezulu kunye namanzi aphantsi ombane ophehlwa ngamanzi anokuphuculwa emva kokwakhiwa kwedama laseLongtou. Nokuba intengiselwano yemarike ikhokelela ekuguqukeni kwexabiso lombane, akusayi kubakho mahluko mkhulu rhoqo.
Ngaba sinokuyihlaziya imithetho yokuhanjiswa kwamandla angaphandle eSichuan? Ngaphantsi kwesithintelo somgaqo othi "thatha okanye uhlawule", ukuba umbane ungena kwixesha elingenasiphelo, nokuba ngaba iqela elifumana amandla alifuni amandla amaninzi angaphandle, kuya kufuneka liwafunxe, kwaye ilahleko iya kuba yiminqweno yamashishini okuvelisa umbane kwiphondo.
Ngoko ke, akuzange kubekho umgaqo ogqibeleleyo, kuphela ukuba ube nobulungisa kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Phantsi kwemeko yokuba eyona "grid yesizwe" kunzima ukuyiqonda okwexeshana, ngenxa yemarike yamandla apheleleyo enobulungisa kunye nokunqongophala kwemithombo yamandla aluhlaza, kunokuba yimfuneko ukuba kuqwalaselwe kuqala umda wemarike wamaphondo okuphela kokuthumela, kwaye emva koko izifundo zemakethi zokugqibela ezifumanayo zijongana ngqo nezifundo zokuthumela imarike yokuphela. Ngale ndlela, kunokwenzeka ukuhlangabezana neemfuno "zokungabikho kunqongophala kombane kumaphondo ekupheleni kokuhanjiswa kombane" kunye "nokuthengwa kombane ngokwemfuno kumaphondo ekupheleni kolwamkelo lwamandla"
Kwimeko yokungalingani okukhulu phakathi konikezelo lwamandla kunye nemfuno, uthintelo lombane olucwangcisiweyo ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo lungcono kunothintelo lwamandla ngequbuliso, olunqanda ilahleko enkulu yezoqoqosho. Unyino lwamandla ayisosiphelo, kodwa yindlela yokuthintela iingozi ezinkulu zegridi yamandla.
Kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo, "umlinganiselo wamandla" uvele ngokukhawuleza ngakumbi nangakumbi kumbono wethu. Oku kubonisa ukuba ixesha lesahlulo sophuhliso olukhawulezayo lweshishini lamandla lidlulile. Phantsi kweempembelelo zoluhlu lwezinto, kusenokufuneka sijongane nengxaki eyandayo yobonelelo lwamandla kunye nokulingana kwemfuno.
Ukujongana nezizathu ngenkalipho kunye nokusombulula iingxaki ngohlaziyo, ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe kunye nezinye iindlela zolona khetho luchanekileyo "ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo umda wamandla" kwakhona.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-17-2022
