Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, isantya sophuhliso lombane owenziwe ngamanzi senze inkqubela ezinzileyo kwaye ukuqina kophuhliso kunyukile. Ukuveliswa kombane nge-Hydropower akusebenzisi amandla ezimbiwa. Ukuphuhliswa kombane ophehliswa ngamanzi kunceda ukucutha ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse kunye nokukhusela indalo esingqongileyo, kunye nokuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo kunye nomdla opheleleyo wezoqoqosho noluntu. Ngaphantsi kwemvelaphi yokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, amathemba ophuhliso lweshishini lombane wamanzi asalungile ixesha elide.
I-Hydropower yenye yeyona mithombo yamandla igqwesileyo yokufezekisa ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni
Njengamandla acocekileyo, amandla ombane awavelisi nakuphi na ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni okanye ungcoliseko; Njengamandla ahlaziyekayo, okoko nje kukho amanzi, amandla ombane awayi kuphelelwa. Okwangoku, i-China ijongene noxanduva olubalulekileyo lwe-carbon peaking kunye ne-carbon neutralization. I-Hydropower ayicocekanga kwaye ayikhutshwanga simahla, kodwa ikwanobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, kwaye inokuthatha inxaxheba kulawulo oluphezulu. I-Hydropower yenye yeyona mithombo yamandla igqwesileyo yokufezekisa ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni. Sijonge phambili kwikamva, umbane waseTshayina uya kuqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni ukufezekiswa kwenjongo “yekhabhoni ephindwe kabini”.
1. Yintoni eyenza ukugcinwa kwepompon kwenza imali
Izikhululo zombane ezimpontshwayo zaseTshayina zisebenzisa i-avareji yeeyure ezi-4 zeekhilowathi zombane kwaye zivelisa kuphela iiyure ezi-3 zeekhilowathi zombane emva kokumpompa, ngokusebenza kakuhle kwe-75% kuphela.
Isikhululo samandla esimpompelweyo simpompa amanzi xa umthwalo wegridi yamandla uphantsi, uguqula amandla ombane abe ngamandla anokubakho emanzini, kwaye uwagcine. Xa umthwalo uphezulu, ukhupha amanzi ukuvelisa umbane. Kufana nobutyebi obukhulu obuhlaziywayo obenziwe ngamanzi.
Kwinkqubo yokumpompa kunye nokuvelisa, akunakuphepheka ukuba kuya kubakho ilahleko. Ngokwe-avareji, isikhululo samandla esimponthiweyo siya kusebenzisa i-4 kwh yombane ukumpompa rhoqo nge-3 kwh yombane, nge-avareji yobuchule obumalunga nama-75%.
Emva koko umbuzo uvela: kubiza malini ukwakha "ubuncwane obuhlawulelwayo" obungaka?
ISikhululo saMandla sokuPhunxa iYangjiang sesona sikhululo samandla esimponthiweyo esinomthamo omkhulu weyunithi enye, eyona ntloko inetha iphezulu kunye nobona bunzulu bungcwatywe eTshayina. Ixhotyiswe ngeseti yokuqala ye-400000 kW iiyunithi zokugcina ezimpontshwayo ezinentloko yeemitha ezingama-700 ezizimeleyo eziphuhliswe kwaye zenziwe eChina, kunye nomthamo ofakiweyo ocetywayo we-2.4 yezigidi ze-KW.
Kuyaqondwa ukuba iprojekthi yeSikhululo saMandla sokuPhuma saseYangjiang inotyalo-mali olupheleleyo lwe-7.627 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan kwaye iya kwakhiwa ngezigaba ezibini. Ukuveliswa kwamandla ngonyaka kuyi-3.6 yeebhiliyoni ze-kwh, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okumpompa ngonyaka yi-4.8 yeebhiliyoni ze-kwh.
Isikhululo samandla okugcina iYang asiyondlela yoqoqosho kuphela yokusombulula umthwalo wexesha lonyaka wegridi yamandla eGuangdong, kodwa ikwayindlela ebalulekileyo yokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nenqanaba lokhuseleko lwamandla enyukliya kunye namandla aseNtshona, ukuphuhlisa amandla amatsha kunye nokusebenzisana nokusebenza okukhuselekileyo nokuzinza kwamandla enyukliya. Inokubaluleka okubalulekileyo kunye okulungileyo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo, okukhuselekileyo kunye noqoqosho lwegridi yamandla e-Guangdong kunye nenkqubo yothungelwano kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kokusebenza kwegridi yamandla.
Ngenxa yengxaki yokulahleka kwamandla, isikhululo samandla esimpompelweyo sisebenzisa umbane omninzi kunokuvelisa amandla, oko kukuthi, ngokwembono yamandla, isikhululo samandla esimpompelweyo kufuneka silahlekelwe yimali.
Nangona kunjalo, inzuzo yezoqoqosho yezikhululo zamandla ezimpontshwayo azixhomeki kwimveliso yamandla ayo, kodwa kwindima yayo yokucheba okuphezulu kunye nokuzaliswa kwentlambo.
Ukuveliswa kombane kwincopho yokusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokugcinwa okumponthiweyo kusetyenziso lwamandla aphantsi kunokuthintela ukuqalisa kunye nokuvalwa kwemizi-mveliso yamandla obushushu amaninzi, ngaloo ndlela kuthintelwa ilahleko enkulu yezoqoqosho ngexesha lokuqalisa kunye nokuvalwa kwezityalo zamandla ashushu. Isikhululo samandla esimpompelweyo sikwanayo neminye imisebenzi efana nokumodareyitha amaza, ukumodareyitha kwesigaba kunye nokuqaliswa kokumnyama.
Iindlela zokutshaja zezikhululo zamandla ezimpompeweyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zahlukile. Abanye bamkela inkqubo yomrhumo wokuqeshisa, kwaye eminye imimandla yamkela inkqubo yamaxabiso ombane amacandelo amabini. Ukongeza kumrhumo wokuqeshwa kwamandla, inzuzo inokufumaneka ngomohluko wamaxabiso ombane ophakamileyo kwintlambo.
2. Iiprojekthi zogcino ezimpompelwe ezintsha ngo-2022
Ukususela ekuqaleni konyaka, ukusayinwa kunye nokuqalwa kweeprojekthi zokugcina ezimpontshwayo kuye kwaxelwa rhoqo: ngoJanuwari 30, iprojekthi yesikhululo samandla sokugcina iWuhai ipompo kunye notyalo-mali olungaphezulu kwe-8.6 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan kunye nomthamo ofakwe kwi-1.2 yezigidi zeekilowatts zamkelwe kwaye zamkelwa yi-Energy Bureau ye-Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region; Ngomhla we-10 kaFebruwari, iprojekthi ye-Xiaofeng River Pumped Storage Power Station kunye notyalo-mali olupheleleyo lwe-7 yeebhiliyoni ze-yuan kunye ne-1.2 yezigidi ze-kilowatts zasayinwa e-Wuhan kwaye zahlala e-Yiling, e-Hubei; Ngomhla we-10 kaFebruwari, inkampani yamandla ye-SDIC kunye noRhulumente wabantu weSixeko saseHejin, iPhondo laseShanxi batyikitye isivumelwano sotyalo-mali kwiiprojekthi zeSikhululo saMandla sePumped Storage, esiceba ukuphuhlisa iiprojekthi zokugcinwa kwe-1.2 yezigidi zeekilowatt; Nge-14 kaFebruwari, umsitho wokuqalisa kwe-Hubei Pingyuan isikhululo samandla esimpompelwe esinomthamo ofakiweyo we-1.4 yezigidi zeekilowatts wabanjwa eLuotian, eHubei.
Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelelanga, ukususela ngo-2021, ngaphezu kwe-100 yezigidi ze-kilowatts zeeprojekthi zokugcinwa kwepompo zenze inkqubela ebalulekileyo. Phakathi kwabo, i-State Grid kunye ne-China Southern Power Grid ziye zadlula i-24.7 yezigidi ze-kilowatts, zibe zinamandla amakhulu ekwakhiweni kweeprojekthi zokugcinwa kwepompo.
Okwangoku, ugcino olumpompelweyo lube yenye yeendawo eziphambili zoyilo lweenkampani ezimbini ezinkulu zegridi yamandla ngexesha le-14 leSicwangciso seMinyaka emiHlanu. Phakathi kwezikhululo zombane ezimponthiweyo ezithe zasetyenziswa e-China, iState Grid Xinyuan phantsi kweState Grid Corporation kunye nenkampani yaseMazantsi yokucheba igridi kunye nenkampani yokumodareyitha rhoqo phantsi kwe-South Grid Corporation i-akhawunti yezabelo eziphambili.
NgoSeptemba kulo nyaka uphelileyo, uXin Baoan, umlawuli weState Grid, wathi esidlangalaleni ukuba iState Grid iceba ukutyala imali efikelela kwi-350 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zase-US (malunga ne-2 yeetriliyoni zeeyuan) kule minyaka mihlanu izayo ukukhuthaza inguqu nokuphuculwa kwegridi yamandla. Ngo-2030, umthamo ofakelweyo wogcino olumpontshwayo e-China uya kwandiswa ukusuka kwi-23.41 yezigidi zeekilowatts zangoku ukuya kwi-100 yezigidi zeekilowatts.
Ngo-Oktobha kulo nyaka uphelileyo, uMeng Zhenping, usihlalo we-China Southern Power Grid Corporation kunye noNobhala weqela elikhokelayo, ubhengeze kwintlanganiso yokuhlanganisa ukwakhiwa kwezikhululo zamandla ezimpompe kumaphondo amahlanu kunye nemimandla esemazantsi ukuba ukwakhiwa kwezikhululo zombane ezimpontshwayo ziya kukhawuleziswa. Kwiminyaka eli-10 ezayo, izigidi ezingama-21 zeekilowathi zezikhululo zamandla ezimpontshwayo ziyakugqitywa kwaye ziqalise ukusebenza. Kwangaxeshanye, ulwakhiwo lwezigidi ezili-15 zeekilowathi zamandla ogcino olumpompelweyo olucetywa ukuqaliswa ukusebenza ngexesha le-16 leSicwangciso seMinyaka emiHlanu luya kuqaliswa. Utyalo-mali lulonke luya kuba malunga ne-200 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, ezinokuhlangabezana nokufikelela kunye nokusetyenziswa malunga ne-250 yezigidi zeekilowatts zamandla amatsha kumaphondo amahlanu kunye nemimandla eseMazantsi.
Ngelixa bezoba umzobo omkhulu, iinkampani ezimbini ezinkulu zegridi yamandla zihlengahlengise iimpahla zazo zokugcina ezimponthiweyo.
NgoNovemba kulo nyaka uphelileyo, i-State Grid Corporation yase-China idlulisele yonke i-51.54% ye-equity ye-State Grid Xinyuan Holding Co., Ltd. kwi-State Grid Xinyuan Group Co., Ltd. mahhala, kwaye idibanise i-asethi yayo yokugcina impompo. Kwixesha elizayo, i-State Grid Xinyuan Group Co., Ltd. iya kuba yinkampani yeqonga yeState Grid ishishini lokugcina elimponthiweyo.
NgoFebruwari 15, Yunnan Wenshan Amandla oMbane, ebandakanyeka ikakhulu kukuveliswa kombane wamanzi, yabhengeza ukuba icwangcise ukuthenga i-100% ye-equity ye-China Southern power grid peak shaving and frequency modulation power generation Co., Ltd. ebanjwe yi-China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd. ngokusebenzisa indawo ye-asethi kunye nokukhutshwa kwesabelo. Ngokwesibhengezo sangaphambili, amandla e-Wenshan aya kuba liqonga lenkampani elidwelisiweyo kwishishini lokugcina elimpompeweyo leChina yaMazantsi eGridi yaMandla.
"Ukugcinwa kwe-pumped okwangoku kubonwa njengeyona ndlela ikhulileyo, ethembekileyo, ecocekileyo kunye neyoqoqosho yokugcina amandla kwihlabathi. Iyakwazi ukubonelela ngomzuzu ofunekayo we-inertia kwinkqubo yamandla kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwenkqubo. Kuyinkxaso ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yamandla entsha kunye namandla amatsha njengomzimba oyintloko. Xa kuthelekiswa namanye amanyathelo asele encopho yokucheba kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla, ineenzuzo ezinkulu ezibanzi. " Peng CAIDE, injineli eyintloko yeSinohydro, yabonisa.
Ngokucacileyo, eyona ndlela ingcono yokuphucula umthamo wegridi yamandla ukwamkela amandla amatsha kukwakha ukugcinwa kompompo okanye ukugcinwa kwamandla e-electrochemical. Nangona kunjalo, ukusuka kumbono wezobugcisa, eyona ndlela yoqoqosho kunye neyokugcina amandla okugcina amandla kwigridi yamandla yangoku kukupompa ukugcinwa. Oku kukwayimvumelwano yoluntu lwangoku lwamazwe ngamazwe.
Intatheli yafunda ukuba ngoku, ukuyila kunye nokuveliswa kweeyunithi zokupompa kunye nokugcina e-China ziye zaqaphela indawo yokuhlala, kwaye iteknoloji ikhulile. Iindleko zotyalo-mali kwixesha elizayo kulindeleke ukuba zigcinwe malunga ne-6500 yuan / kW. Nangona iindleko ze-kilowatt nganye zomthamo wokutsheva oguquguqukayo wokuguqulwa kwamandla amalahle zinokuba ngaphantsi njenge-500-1500 ye-yuan, i-peak yokucheba umthamo ofunyenwe ngokuguqulwa okuguquguqukayo kwamandla amalahle kwi-kilowatt nganye malunga ne-20% kuphela. Oku kuthetha ukuba utshintsho oluguquguqukayo lwamandla amalahle lufuna ukufumana amandla okucheba okuphezulu kwe-1kW, kwaye utyalo-mali lwangempela malunga ne-2500-7500 yuan.
"Kwixesha eliphakathi kunye nexesha elide, ukugcinwa kwempompo yeyona teknoloji yokugcina amandla oqoqosho. Isikhululo samandla sokugcina ipompo singumthombo wamandla oguquguqukayo ohlangabezana neemfuno zenkqubo entsha yamandla kwaye unoqoqosho olungcono." Abanye abantu kwishishini bagxininisa kwintatheli.
Ngokunyuka kancinci kotyalo-mali, impumelelo eqhubekayo yethekhinoloji kunye nokuphunyezwa okukhawulezileyo kweeprojekthi, ishishini lokugcina elimponthiweyo liya kukhokelela kuphuhliso oluya phambili.
NgoSeptemba kulo nyaka uphelileyo, uLawulo lweSizwe lwaMandla lukhuphe isicwangciso sophuhliso lwexesha eliphakathi kunye nexesha elide lokugcinwa kwepompo (2021-2035) (emva koko kubhekiselwa kuyo njengesicwangciso), esicetywayo ukuba ngo-2025, umlinganiselo opheleleyo wokupompa umthamo wokupompa ofakwe ekusebenzeni uya kuphinda kabini isicwangciso seminyaka emihlanu ye-13, ukufikelela ngaphezu kwe-62 yezigidi zeekilowatts; Ngo-2030, isikali sisonke somthamo wogcino olumpontshiweyo olufakwa ekusebenzeni luya kuphinda-phinda lowo wesicwangciso seminyaka emihlanu ye-14, sifikelele malunga ne-120 yezigidi zeekilowatts.
Njengenxalenye eyimfuneko yolwakhiwo lwenkqubo yamandla entsha, kulindeleke ukuba inkqubela phambili yolwakhiwo logcino olumpompelweyo, ulwahlulo logcino lwamandla, lunokugqithisa ubulindelweyo.
Ngexesha “lesicwangciso seminyaka emihlanu”, umthamo omtsha wonyaka ofakelweyo wogcino olumpontshiweyo uya kufikelela malunga nezigidi ezi-6 zeekhilowathi, kwaye “isicwangciso seminyaka emihlanu yeshumi elinesihlanu” siza kunyuka siye kutsho kwi-12 yezigidi zeekilowatts. Ngokutsho kwedatha edlulileyo, umthamo omtsha wonyaka wokufakelwa kwendawo yokugcina impompo malunga ne-2 yezigidi ze-kilowatts. Ngokusekwe kumyinge wotyalo-mali oluyi-5000 yuan ngekilowathi, isikali esitsha sotyalo-mali sonyaka ngexesha "lesicwangciso seminyaka emihlanu" kunye "nesicwangciso seminyaka emihlanu" siya kufikelela malunga ne-20 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan kunye nama-50 eebhiliyoni ngokulandelelanayo.
“Uguqulo oluthotyiweyo logcino lwezikhululo zombane zesiqhelo ezikhankanywe kwisicwangciso nalo lubaluleke kakhulu. I-hybrid pumped storage eguqulweyo isuka kwizikhululo zombane eziqhelekileyo zamanzi zihlala zineendleko zokusebenza eziphantsi kunye neenzuzo ezicacileyo ekukhonzeni ukusetyenziswa kwamandla amatsha kunye nokwakhiwa kwenkqubo yamandla entsha, ekufuneka iqwalaselwe.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-15-2022
