UHLOBO LWESITYA SOMZIMBA WAMANZI NGOKWEXABISO
Enye yezinto eziphambili ezichaphazela iindleko zokwakha zezixhobo zokuvelisa umbane luhlobo lwesixhobo esicetywayo. Iindleko zokwakha zingahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni zizitishi zamandla ezisebenzisa amalahle okanye izityalo ezisebenzisa igesi yendalo, ilanga, umoya, okanye izixhobo zokuvelisa umbane. Kubatyali-mali kwizixhobo zokuvelisa umbane, iindleko zokwakha phakathi kwezi ntlobo zezixhobo zokuvelisa umbane zibalulekile xa kuvavanywa ukuba utyalo-mali luya kuba nenzuzo na. Abatyali-mali kufuneka baqwalasele nezinye izinto, njengeendleko zokugcina eziqhubekayo kunye nemfuno yexesha elizayo ukuze kuchongwe izinga elifanelekileyo lembuyekezo. Kodwa eyona nto iphambili kuyo nayiphi na indlela yokubala yindleko yenkunzi efunekayo ukuzisa isixhobo kwi-intanethi. Ngenxa yoko, ingxoxo emfutshane ngeendleko zokwakha zokwenyani zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo zombane yindawo yokuqala eluncedo ngaphambi kokuhlola ezinye iindlela ezichaphazela iindleko zokwakha izikhululo zamandla.
Xa kuhlalutywa iindleko zokwakha izitishi zamandla kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba iindleko zokwakha ezifunyenweyo zinokuchaphazeleka ziindlela ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, ukufikelela kwizixhobo eziqhuba imveliso yamandla kunokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwiindleko zokwakha. Izixhobo ezifana nelanga, umoya, kunye ne-geothermal zisasazwa ngokungalinganiyo, kwaye iindleko zokufikelela nokuphuhlisa ezi zixhobo ziya kwanda ngokuhamba kwexesha. Abantu abaqalayo ukungena kwimarike baya kufumana ukufikelela kwezona zixhobo zingabizi kakhulu, ngelixa iiprojekthi ezintsha zisenokufuneka zihlawule imali eninzi ukuze zifikelele kwizixhobo ezifanayo. Indawo elawulayo yendawo yezitishi zamandla inokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwixesha eliphambili leprojekthi yokwakha. Kwiiprojekthi ezinotyalo-mali olukhulu lokuqala kulwakhiwo oku kunokukhokelela ekunyukeni kwenzala kunye neendleko zokwakha ngokubanzi. Ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nezinto ezininzi ezinokuchaphazela iindleko zokwakha izitishi zamandla, jonga kwi-Capital Cost Estimates for Utility Scale Electricity Generating Plants ekhutshwe yi-US Energy Information Administration (EIA) ngo-2016.
Iindleko zokwakha izitishi zamandla ziboniswa njengeendleko zeedola nge-kilowatt nganye. Ulwazi oluboniswe kweli candelo lubonelelwa yi-EIA. Ngokukodwa, siza kusebenzisa iindleko zokwakha izitishi zamandla kwizixhobo zokuvelisa umbane ezakhiwe ngo-2015, ezifumaneka apha. Olu lwazi lolona lukhoyo ngoku, kodwa i-EIA kulindeleke ukuba ikhuphe iindleko zokwakha izitishi zamandla ngo-2016 ngoJulayi 2018. Kwabo banomdla kwiindleko zokwakha izitishi zamandla, iimpapasho ze-EIA zingomnye wemithombo yolwazi exabisekileyo ekhoyo. Idatha ebonelelwe yi-EIA iluncedo ukubonisa uhlobo oluntsonkothileyo lweendleko zokwakha izitishi zamandla, kwaye igxininisa ubuninzi bezinto eziguquguqukayo ezingenakuchaphazela kuphela iindleko zokwakha izitishi zamandla kodwa kunye nenzuzo eqhubekayo.
IINDLEKO ZOMSEBENZI NEZINTO EZIPHATHEKAYO
Umsebenzi kunye nezixhobo zezona zinto ziphambili ezibangela iindleko zokwakha izitishi zamandla, kwaye zombini zikhokelela ekunyukeni kweendleko zokwakha minyaka le kuzo zonke iimboni. Ukugcina ulwazi ngokuguquguquka komsebenzi kunye nezixhobo kubalulekile xa kuvavanywa iindleko zokwakha zizonke zezitishi zamandla. Ukwakhiwa kwezitishi zamandla ngokubanzi ngumsebenzi omde. Iiprojekthi zinokuthatha phakathi konyaka omnye ukuya kwemithandathu ukuba zigqitywe ubuncinci, ezinye ziqhubeke kakhulu. I-EIA ichaza ngokufanelekileyo ukuba umahluko phakathi kweendleko eziqikelelweyo kunye nezokwenyani zezinto zokwakha kunye nokwakhiwa ngexesha leprojekthi kubalulekile ukuba kuqwalaselwe kwaye kunokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwiindleko zokwakha.
Iindleko zokwakha ngokubanzi ziyanyuka, kodwa ezimbini zezinto eziphambili ezibangela oku ngumthwalo wezinto zokwakha kunye nomsebenzi. Iindleko zezinto zokwakha zinyuke kakhulu kwiinyanga zakutshanje, kwaye zinokuqhubeka nokunyuka ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo yangoku iyaqhubeka. Ngokukodwa, iirhafu zokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kwezinyithi ezibalulekileyo, kubandakanya intsimbi, i-aluminium, kunye nesinyithi, kunye neenkuni ezivela eKhanada, zivelisa ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwiindleko zezinto zokwakha. Iindleko zezinto zokwakha zokwenyani okwangoku zinyuke malunga ne-10% ngoJulayi 2017. Le ndlela ayibonakali incipha kwixesha elizayo. Intsimbi ibaluleke kakhulu kwizakhiwo zezityalo zamandla, ngoko ke iirhafu eziqhubekayo kwintsimbi engeniswayo zinokubangela ukunyuka kweendleko ezinkulu zokwakha zonke iintlobo zezityalo zamandla.
Ukunyuka kweendleko zabasebenzi kushishino lokwakha nako kunegalelo ekunyukeni kweendleko zokwakha. Ukunyuka kweendleko zabasebenzi kubangelwa kukunqongophala kwabasebenzi abanezakhono ezivela kumanani aphantsi abantu abakwiminyaka yoo-1900 kwiindlela zokwakha kunye nokuncipha okukhulu kwabasebenzi bokwakha ngexesha nasemva koqoqosho. Nangona iifemu ezininzi zokwakha zidibanisa iinkqubo zendlela yomsebenzi ukuze zitsale abantu abakwiminyaka yoo-1900 abaninzi kumashishini orhwebo, kuya kuthatha ixesha ukubona ngokupheleleyo isiphumo sale mizamo. Oku kunqongophala kwabasebenzi kubonakala ngokucacileyo kwiindawo zasezidolophini apho kukho ukhuphiswano olunzima lwabasebenzi abanezakhono. Kwiiprojekthi zokwakha izityalo zamandla kufutshane namaziko asezidolophini, ukufikelela kubasebenzi abanezakhono kunokunciphisa kwaye kunokubiza kakhulu.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Julayi-22-2022
