Indlela Yokuphucula Ijenereyitha Ye-Francis Turbine

I-turbine yamanzi, apho ii-turbines zeKaplan, Pelton, kunye neFrancis zezona zixhaphakileyo, ngumatshini omkhulu ojikelezayo osebenza ukuguqula amandla e-kinetic kunye ne-potential abe yi-hydroelectricity. Ezi zinto zanamhlanje zevili lamanzi zisetyenziswe iminyaka engaphezu kwe-135 ukuvelisa umbane kwimizi-mveliso, kwaye kutshanje ukuvelisa umbane wamanzi.

Zisetyenziselwa ntoni iiTurbines zamanzi namhlanje?
Namhlanje, amandla ombane aphuma emanzini anegalelo kwi-16% yokuveliswa kwamandla ehlabathini. Kwinkulungwane ye-19, iiturbine zamanzi zazisetyenziswa kakhulu kumandla emizi-mveliso ngaphambi kokuba iigridi zombane zisasazeke. Okwangoku, zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa amandla ombane kwaye zinokufumaneka kumadama okanye kwiindawo apho amanzi amaninzi aphuma khona.
Njengoko imfuno yamandla ehlabathi ikhula ngokukhawuleza kunye nezinto ezifana notshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokunciphisa amafutha efosili, umbane ophuma emanzini unokuba nefuthe elikhulu njengohlobo lwamandla aluhlaza kwihlabathi liphela. Njengoko kuqhubeka uphando lwemithombo yamandla enobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kunye necocekileyo, ii-turbines zikaFrancis zingabonakala zisisombululo esithandwayo nesisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiminyaka ezayo.

IiTurbines Zamanzi Zivelisa Njani Umbane?
Uxinzelelo lwamanzi oludalwe ngamanzi ahamba ngokwendalo okanye ngokwenziwa lukhona njengomthombo wamandla kwiiturbine zamanzi. La mandla ayabanjwa aze aguqulwe abe ngamandla ombane wamanzi. Isityalo samanzi ngokubanzi sisebenzisa idama elisemlanjeni osebenzayo ukugcina amanzi. Amanzi emva koko akhululwa ngokwanda, ahamba ngeturbine, ayijikelezise, ​​aze asebenze ijenereyitha evelisa umbane.

Zinkulu Kangakanani iiTurbines zamanzi?
Ngokusekelwe kwintloko ezisebenza phantsi kwayo, iiturbine zamanzi zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintloko eziphezulu, eziphakathi, nezisezantsi. Iinkqubo zamanzi eziphantsi zinkulu, njengoko iturbine yamanzi kufuneka ibe nkulu ukuze ifikelele kwisantya esiphezulu sokuhamba kwamanzi ngelixa uxinzelelo lwamanzi oluphantsi lusetyenziswa kwiiblades. Kwelinye icala, iinkqubo zamanzi eziphantsi azidingi mjikelo mkhulu kangaka womphezulu, njengoko zisetyenziselwa ukusebenzisa amandla avela kwimithombo yamanzi ehamba ngokukhawuleza.

Itshati echaza ubungakanani beendawo ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo yamandla emvula kuquka ne-turbine yamanzi
Itshathi echaza ubungakanani beendawo ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo yamandla emvula kuquka ne-turbine yamanzi
Ngezantsi, siza kuchaza imizekelo embalwa yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeturbine zamanzi ezisetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa okuhlukeneyo kunye noxinzelelo lwamanzi.

I-Kaplan Turbine (Intloko yoXinzelelo lwe-0-60m)
Ezi turbine zaziwa ngokuba zii-axial flow reaction turbines, njengoko zitshintsha uxinzelelo lwamanzi njengoko ehamba kuwo. I-turbine yeKaplan ifana ne-propeller kwaye inee-blades ezihlengahlengiswayo ukuze zisebenze kakuhle kumanqanaba amanzi kunye noxinzelelo.

Umzobo we-turbine yeKaplan
I-Pelton Turbine (300m-1600m Intloko yoxinzelelo)
I-Pelton turbine—okanye ivili likaPelton—yaziwa njenge-impulse turbine, njengeyo ikhupha amandla emanzini ahambayo. Le turbine ifanelekile ukusetyenziswa kwentloko ephezulu, njengoko ifuna uxinzelelo lwamanzi oluninzi ukuze isebenzise amandla kwiibhakethi ezimile okwecephe, kwaye ibangele ukuba idiski ijikeleze kwaye ivelise amandla.

I-turbine yePelton
I-Francis Turbine (Intloko yoxinzelelo engama-60m-300m)
I-turbine yamanzi yokugqibela neyona idumileyo, i-turbine kaFrancis, ibandakanya ama-60% ombane wamanzi wehlabathi. Isebenza njenge-turbine yempembelelo kunye nempendulo esebenza kwi-medium head, i-turbine kaFrancis idibanisa iingcamango ze-axial kunye ne-radial flow. Ngokwenza oku, i-turbine igcwalisa umsantsa phakathi kwee-turbines eziphezulu nezisezantsi, idala uyilo olusebenzayo ngakumbi, kwaye inika umngeni kwiinjineli namhlanje ukuba ziphucule ngakumbi kuyo.

Ngokukodwa, i-turbine kaFrancis isebenza ngamanzi ahamba nge-spiral casing ukuya kwii-vanes zesikhokelo (ezingashukumiyo) ezilawula ukuhamba kwamanzi ukuya kwiiblade ze-runner (ezihambayo). Amanzi anyanzela i-runner ukuba ijikeleze ngokusebenzisa impembelelo kunye nempendulo yamandla adibeneyo, ekugqibeleni aphume kwi-runner ngetyhubhu yedrafti ekhupha ukuhamba kwamanzi ukuya kwindawo yangaphandle.

Ndingayikhetha njani iYilo yeTurbine yamanzi?
Ukukhetha uyilo olufanelekileyo lwe-turbine kudla ngokuxhomekeka kwinto enye; ubungakanani bentloko kunye nesantya sokuhamba kwamanzi esifikelelekayo kuwe. Wakuba uqinisekile ukuba loluphi uhlobo loxinzelelo lwamanzi onokulusebenzisa, ungagqiba ukuba "uyilo lwe-turbine yokusabela" oluvaliweyo olufana ne-Francis turbine okanye "uyilo lwe-turbine yokuphazamiseka" oluvulekileyo, olufana ne-Pelton turbine lufanelekile na.

Umzobo we-turbine yamanzi
Okokugqibela, ungamisela isantya esifunekayo sokujikeleza kwejenereyitha yakho yombane oyicelileyo.