I-injini ye-injini yamanzi, kunye ne-Kaplan, i-Pelton, kunye ne-Francis turbines zezona zixhaphakileyo, ngumatshini omkhulu ojikelezayo osebenza ukuguqula amandla e-kinetic kunye namandla anokubakho kumbane wamanzi. Ezi zilinganisi zale mihla zevili lamanzi zisetyenziswe ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-135 ukuvelisa umbane kwimizi-mveliso, kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla ombane kutsha nje.
Ziziphi iiTurbines zaManzi ezisetyenziselwa namhlanje?
Namhlanje, umbane owenziwe ngamanzi unegalelo kwi-16% yokuveliswa kwamandla ehlabathi. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, iiinjini zamanzi zazisetyenziselwa ubukhulu becala amandla emizi-mveliso ngaphambi kokuba iigridi zombane zisasazeke. Okwangoku, zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa amandla ombane kwaye zinokufunyanwa kumadama okanye kwiindawo apho ukuhamba kwamanzi amaninzi kwenzeka khona.
Ngemfuno yamandla ehlabathi enyuka ngokukhawuleza kunye nezinto ezifana nokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokunciphisa amafutha e-fossil, umbane owenziwe ngamanzi unamandla okwenza impembelelo enkulu njengendlela yamandla aluhlaza kwisikali sehlabathi jikelele. Njengoko ukhangelo lwemithombo yamandla ehambelana nokusingqongileyo kunye nococeko luqhubeka, iiinjini zomoya zikaFrancis zinokungqineka zisisicombululo esithandwa kakhulu nesisanda kwamkelwa kwiminyaka ezayo.
Iiinjini zaManzi ziwenza njani uMbane?
Uxinzelelo lwamanzi oludalwe kumanzi endalo okanye amanzi aqukuqelayo ngokwendalo lukhona njengomthombo wamandla kwiiinjini zamanzi. La mandla ayabanjwa aze ajikwe abe ngamandla ombane oqhutywa ngamanzi. Umzi-mveliso woveliso lombane uya kusebenzisa idama kumlambo osebenzayo ukugcina amanzi. Emva koko amanzi akhutshwa ngokwawongezelelekileyo, aqukuqele kwi-injini yomoya, ayijikelezise, aze avule ijenereyitha ethi emva koko ivelise umbane.
Zinkulu kangakanani iiinjini zamanzi?
Ngokusekwe kwintloko abasebenza phantsi kwayo, iiinjini zamanzi zinokuhlelwa zibe ziintloko eziphakamileyo, eziphakathi, nezisezantsi. Iinkqubo zamandla ombane aneentloko ezisezantsi zinkulu, njengoko i-iturbine yamanzi kufuneka ibenkulu ukuphumeza isantya sokuhamba okuphezulu ngelixa uxinzelelo lwamanzi oluphantsi lusetyenziswa ngapha kweencakuba. Kananjalo, iisistim zombane onentloko ephezulu aziwufuni umphezulu wesangqa esikhulu kangako, njengoko zisetyenziselwa ukusebenzisa amandla kwimithombo yamanzi ahamba ngokukhawuleza.
Itshathi echaza ubungakanani beendawo ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo yombane wamanzi kuquka iijinithi yamanzi
Itshathi echaza ubungakanani beendawo ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo yombane wamanzi kuquka neinjini yomoya wamanzi
Ngezantsi, siza kuchaza imizekelo embalwa yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeinjini zamanzi ezisetyenziselwa izicelo ezahlukeneyo kunye noxinzelelo lwamanzi.
I-Kaplan Turbine (0-60m Pressure Head)
Ezi turbines zaziwa njengeaxial flow reaction turbines, njengoko zitshintsha uxinzelelo lwamanzi njengoko equkuqela kuwo. I-injini ye-Kaplan ifana ne-propeller kwaye ibonisa ii-blades ezihlengahlengiswayo ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kuluhlu lwamanzi kunye noxinzelelo lwamanqanaba.
Umzobo we-Kaplan turbine
Pelton Turbine (300m-1600m Intloko yoxinzelelo)
I-Pelton turbine-okanye ivili lePelton-yaziwa ngokuba yi-injini ye-impulse, njengenye ekhupha amandla emanzini ahambayo. Le turbine ifanelekile kwizicelo eziphezulu zentloko, njengoko idinga umthamo ophezulu woxinzelelo lwamanzi ukusebenzisa amandla kwiibhakethi ze-spoon, kwaye ibangele ukuba idiski ijikeleze kwaye ivelise amandla.
Pelton turbine
UFrancis Turbine (60m-300m iNtloko yoxinzelelo)
I-injini yomoya yokugqibela neyona idumileyo, i-Francis turbine, yenza i-60% yamandla ombane ehlabathi. Isebenza njengeempembelelo kunye ne-reaction turbine esebenza kwintloko ephakathi, i-Francis turbine idibanisa i-axial kunye ne-radial flow concepts. Ngokwenza oku, i-injini yomoya igcwalisa umsantsa phakathi kweeiturbines eziphezulu kunye nezisezantsi, idala uyilo olusebenzayo ngakumbi, kunye nomngeni weenjineli namhlanje ukuphucula ngakumbi kuyo.
Ngokuthe ngqo, i-injini yomoya kaFrancis isebenza ngamanzi aqukuqela kwindawo ejiyileyo ukuya kwimibhobho yesikhokelo (emile) elawula ukuhamba kwamanzi ukuya kwiiblades (ezihambayo) zembaleki. Amanzi anyanzela umgijimi ukuba ajikeleze ngempembelelo edibeneyo kunye nokuphendula kwamandla, ekugqibeleni aphume umgijimi ngetyhubhu eyidrafti ekhupha ukuhamba kwamanzi kwindawo yangaphandle.
Ndilukhetha njani uYilo lwe-iturbine yamanzi?
Ukukhetha uyilo lwe-iturbine olulolona lulungileyo luhlala lusehla kwinto enye; ubungakanani bentloko kunye nesantya sokuqukuqela esifikelelekayo kuwe. Nje ukuba ufumanise ukuba loluphi uhlobo loxinzelelo lwamanzi onokuthi ulusebenzise, ungagqiba ekubeni “uyilo lweijini yokusabela” oluvalelweyo olufana ne-Francis turbine okanye “uyilo lweinjini ye-impulse” evulekileyo, njenge turbine ye-Pelton ifaneleka ngcono.
Umzobo we turbine yamanzi
Okokugqibela, unokuseka isantya esiyimfuneko sokujikeleza kwejenereyitha yakho yombane ecetywayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-15-2022
