Mitundu yayikulu ndi kuyambitsa malo opangira magetsi padziko lonse lapansi

Mphamvu yamadzi ndi njira yosinthira mphamvu yamadzi yachilengedwe kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito njira zaukadaulo. Ndiyo njira yoyambira yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu yamadzi. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvuyi ili ndi ubwino wosagwiritsa ntchito mafuta komanso kuipitsa chilengedwe, mphamvu yamadzi imatha kuwonjezeredwa nthawi zonse ndi mvula, zida zamagetsi zosavuta komanso magwiridwe antchito osinthasintha komanso osavuta. Komabe, ndalama zambiri zomwe zimayikidwa ndi zambiri, nthawi yomanga ndi yayitali, ndipo nthawi zina kutayika kwa madzi kumayambitsidwa. Mphamvu yamadzi nthawi zambiri imaphatikizidwa ndi kuchepetsa kusefukira kwa madzi, kuthirira ndi kutumiza kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito mokwanira. (wolemba: Pang Mingli)

Pali mitundu itatu ya magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi:

1. Siteshoni yamagetsi yamagetsi yachizolowezi
Ndiko kuti, mphamvu yamadzi ya dam, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti mphamvu yamadzi ya reservoir. Reservoir imapangidwa ndi madzi omwe amasungidwa mu damu, ndipo mphamvu yake yayikulu yotulutsa madzi imatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa dam ndi kusiyana pakati pa malo otulutsira madzi ndi kutalika kwa pamwamba pa madzi. Kusiyana kumeneku kumatchedwa mutu, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti dontho kapena mutu, ndipo mphamvu yomwe madzi angapezeke imagwirizana mwachindunji ndi mutu.

2. Kuyendetsa malo opangira magetsi a mtsinje (ROR)
Ndiko kuti, mphamvu yamadzi yoyenda mumtsinje, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti mphamvu yamadzi yothamanga, ndi mtundu wa mphamvu yamadzi yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamadzi koma imafuna madzi ochepa okha kapena siifunika kusungira madzi ambiri kuti ipange magetsi. Mphamvu yamadzi yoyenda mumtsinje siifunikira kusungira madzi konse, kapena imangofunika kumanga malo osungira madzi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri. Pomanga malo osungira madzi ang'onoang'ono, malo osungira madzi amtunduwu amatchedwa dziwe losinthira kapena forebay. Chifukwa palibe malo osungira madzi akuluakulu, mphamvu yamadzi yoyenda mumtsinje wa Sichuan imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa madzi kwa nyengo komwe kumachokera ku gwero lamadzi lomwe latchulidwa. Chifukwa chake, malo operekera magetsi oyenda mumtsinje wa Sichuan nthawi zambiri amatanthauzidwa ngati gwero lamphamvu losinthasintha. Ngati thanki yowongolera yomwe imatha kuyendetsa madzi nthawi iliyonse yamangidwa ku fakitole yamagetsi ya Chuanliu, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati malo operekera magetsi ometa kapena malo operekera magetsi oyambira.

3. Mphamvu ya mafunde
Kupanga mphamvu zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito mafunde kumadalira kukwera ndi kutsika kwa madzi a m'nyanja chifukwa cha mafunde. Kawirikawiri, malo osungiramo madzi adzamangidwa kuti apange magetsi, koma palinso kugwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji madzi a m'madzi kuti apange magetsi. Palibe malo ambiri oyenera opangira magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito mafunde padziko lonse lapansi. Pali malo asanu ndi atatu oyenera ku UK, ndipo kuthekera kwake kukuyerekeza kuti kungakwaniritse 20% ya mphamvu zomwe dzikolo likufuna.
Zachidziwikire, malo ogwiritsira ntchito magetsi amagetsi achikhalidwe amalamulira njira zitatu zopangira magetsi amadzi. Kuphatikiza apo, malo ogwiritsira ntchito magetsi opompa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yochulukirapo ya makina amagetsi (magetsi nthawi ya kusefukira kwa madzi, tchuthi kapena kuchepa pakati pausiku) kupompa madzi kuchokera ku dziwe lapansi kupita ku dziwe lapamwamba kuti asungidwe; Pa nthawi yomwe makina adzaza, madzi omwe ali m'dziwe lapamwamba adzayikidwa pansi ndipo turbine yamadzi idzayendetsa jenereta ya turbine yamadzi kuti ipange magetsi. Ndi ntchito ziwiri za kumeta pamwamba ndi kudzaza chigwa, ndiye magetsi abwino kwambiri ometa pamwamba pa makina amagetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati kusintha kwa ma frequency, kusintha kwa gawo, kuwongolera magetsi ndi kuyimirira, zomwe zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kuti gridi yamagetsi ikugwira ntchito bwino komanso moyenera komanso kukonza chuma cha makinawo.
Malo osungira magetsi opompedwa okha sapanga mphamvu zamagetsi, koma amachita gawo logwirizanitsa kutsutsana pakati pa kupanga magetsi ndi kupereka mphamvu mu gridi yamagetsi; Kulamulira kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamagetsi kumachita gawo lofunika kwambiri pakukweza mphamvu zamagetsi kwakanthawi kochepa; Kuyambitsa mwachangu ndi kusintha kwa kutulutsa mphamvu kumatha kutsimikizira kudalirika kwa magetsi mu gridi yamagetsi ndikukweza mtundu wa magetsi mu gridi yamagetsi. Tsopano sikuti imachokera ku mphamvu zamagetsi zamadzi, koma kumachokera ku kusungira mphamvu zamagetsi.
Pakadali pano, pali malo 193 opangira magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi omwe ali ndi mphamvu yoposa 1000MW padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo 21 akumangidwa. Pakati pawo, malo 55 opangira magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi omwe ali ndi mphamvu yoposa 1000MW akugwira ntchito ku China, ndipo 5 akumangidwa, omwe ali pamalo oyamba padziko lonse lapansi.