Mitundu yayikulu komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo opangira magetsi padziko lonse lapansi

Mphamvu ya Hydropower ndi njira yosinthira mphamvu yamadzi achilengedwe kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito njira zaukadaulo.Ndi njira yoyambira yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zamadzi.Mtundu wogwiritsidwa ntchito uli ndi ubwino wosagwiritsa ntchito mafuta komanso kuwononga chilengedwe, mphamvu zamadzi zimatha kuwonjezeredwa ndi mpweya, zida zosavuta za electromechanical ndi ntchito yosinthika komanso yabwino.Komabe, ndalama zambiri zimakhala zazikulu, nthawi yomanga ndi yayitali, ndipo nthawi zina kuwonongeka kwa madzi kumadzetsa.Mphamvu ya hydropower nthawi zambiri imaphatikizidwa ndikuwongolera kusefukira kwamadzi, kuthirira ndi kutumiza kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mokwanira.(wolemba: Pang Mingli)

Pali mitundu itatu ya mphamvu zamagetsi:

1. Malo opangira magetsi apamadzi
Ndiye kuti, dam hydropower, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti reservoir hydropower.Malo osungiramo madzi amapangidwa ndi madzi osungidwa mu damu, ndipo mphamvu yake yochuluka yotulutsa mphamvu imatsimikiziridwa ndi voliyumu yosungiramo madzi ndi kusiyana pakati pa malo otulutsira madzi ndi kutalika kwa madzi.Kusiyana kwa kutalika kumeneku kumatchedwa mutu, womwe umadziwikanso kuti dontho kapena mutu, ndipo mphamvu yamadzi yomwe ingakhalepo imayenderana mwachindunji ndi mutu.

2. Kuthamanga kwa mtsinje wa hydropower station (ROR)
Ndiko kuti, mtsinje wamtsinje wa hydropower, womwe umadziwikanso kuti runoff hydropower, ndi mtundu wa mphamvu ya hydropower yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamadzi koma imafuna madzi ochepa kapena safunikira kusunga madzi ambiri kuti apange mphamvu.Mtsinje wothamanga wa hydropower pafupifupi sufuna kusungirako madzi konse, kapena umangofunika kumanga malo osungiramo madzi ochepa kwambiri.Pomanga zing'onozing'ono zosungiramo madzi, malo osungira madzi amtunduwu amatchedwa dziwe lokonzekera kapena forebay.Chifukwa palibe malo akuluakulu osungiramo madzi, mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu ya Sichuan imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa madzi kwa nyengo yomwe yatchulidwapo.Chifukwa chake, Sichuan flow power plant nthawi zambiri imatanthauzidwa ngati gwero lamphamvu lapakatikati.Ngati thanki yoyang'anira yomwe imatha kuwongolera kuyenda kwa madzi nthawi iliyonse imamangidwa munyumba yamagetsi ya Chuanliu, imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo opangira mphamvu zometa kapena malo opangira magetsi.

3. Mphamvu ya mafunde
Kupanga mphamvu kwa mafunde kumatengera kukwera ndi kutsika kwamadzi am'nyanja chifukwa cha mafunde.Nthawi zambiri, malo osungira adzamangidwa kuti apange magetsi, koma palinso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwachindunji kwa madzi apamtunda popanga magetsi.Palibe malo ambiri abwino opangira mphamvu zamafunde padziko lapansi.Pali malo asanu ndi atatu oyenerera ku UK, ndipo kuthekera kwake kukuyerekezedwa kukhala kokwanira kukwaniritsa 20% ya mphamvu zomwe dziko likufuna.
Zachidziwikire, mawayilesi wamba opangira mphamvu yamadzi amawongolera njira zitatu zopangira mphamvu zamagetsi.Kuphatikiza apo, malo opangira magetsi opopera nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yochulukirapo yamagetsi (mphamvu munyengo ya kusefukira kwamadzi, tchuthi kapena kutsika pakati pausiku) kupopera madzi kuchokera ku dziwe lapansi kupita kumalo osungira chapamwamba kuti asungidwe;Pachimake cha kuchuluka kwa dongosolo, madzi omwe ali pamwamba pake adzayikidwa pansi ndipo turbine yamadzi idzayendetsa jenereta ya turbine yamadzi kuti ipange magetsi.Ndi ntchito ziwiri za kumeta nsonga ndi kudzaza zigwa, ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yometa pamakina amagetsi.Kuphatikiza apo, itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati kusinthasintha pafupipafupi, kusinthasintha kwa magawo, kuwongolera ma voliyumu ndi standby, zomwe zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kuti gululi lamagetsi likuyenda bwino komanso lapamwamba komanso kuwongolera chuma chadongosolo.
Pumped storage power station palokha simapanga mphamvu zamagetsi, koma imagwira ntchito pogwirizanitsa kutsutsana pakati pa kupanga magetsi ndi magetsi mu gridi yamagetsi;Kuwongolera kwapamwamba kwambiri kumagwira ntchito yofunikira pakulemetsa kwakanthawi kochepa;Kuyamba mwachangu ndi kusintha kotulutsa kumatha kutsimikizira kudalirika kwamagetsi a gridi yamagetsi ndikuwongolera mtundu wamagetsi amagetsi.Tsopano sizimatchedwa hydropower, koma kusungirako mphamvu.
Pakali pano, pali malo okwana 193 opangira magetsi opangira magetsi padziko lonse lapansi ndipo 21 akumangidwa.Pakati pawo, malo opangira magetsi okwana 55 okhala ndi mphamvu yopitilira 1000MW akugwira ntchito ku China, ndipo 5 akumangidwa, omwe ali oyamba padziko lonse lapansi.