Mitundu yayikulu komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo opangira magetsi padziko lonse lapansi

Mphamvu ya Hydropower ndi njira yosinthira mphamvu yamadzi achilengedwe kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito njira zaukadaulo. Ndi njira yoyambira yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zamadzi. Mtundu wogwiritsira ntchito uli ndi ubwino wosagwiritsa ntchito mafuta komanso kuwononga chilengedwe, mphamvu zamadzi zimatha kuwonjezeredwa nthawi zonse ndi mpweya, zida zosavuta za electromechanical ndi ntchito yosinthika komanso yabwino. Komabe, ndalama zambiri zimakhala zazikulu, nthawi yomanga ndi yayitali, ndipo nthawi zina kutayika kwa madzi kumadzetsa. Mphamvu ya Hydropower nthawi zambiri imaphatikizidwa ndi kuwongolera kusefukira kwa madzi, kuthirira ndi kutumiza kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mokwanira. (wolemba: Pang Mingli)

Pali mitundu itatu ya hydropower:

1. Malo opangira magetsi apamadzi
Ndiye kuti, dam hydropower, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti reservoir hydropower. Malo osungiramo madzi amapangidwa ndi madzi osungidwa mu damu, ndipo mphamvu yake yochuluka yotulutsa mphamvu imatsimikiziridwa ndi voliyumu yosungiramo madzi ndi kusiyana pakati pa malo otulutsira madzi ndi kutalika kwa madzi. Kusiyana kwautali uku kumatchedwa mutu, womwe umadziwikanso kuti dontho kapena mutu, ndipo mphamvu yamadzi yomwe imatha kukhala yofanana ndi mutu.

2. Kuthamanga kwa mtsinje wa hydropower station (ROR)
Ndiko kuti, mtsinje wamtsinje wa hydropower, womwe umadziwikanso kuti runoff hydropower, ndi mtundu wina wamagetsi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamadzi koma amangofunika madzi ochepa kapena safunikira kusunga madzi ambiri kuti apange mphamvu. Mtsinje wothamanga kwambiri wa hydropower pafupifupi sufuna kusungirako madzi konse, kapena umangofunika kumanga malo ochepa kwambiri osungira madzi. Pomanga zing'onozing'ono zosungiramo madzi, malo osungiramo madzi amtunduwu amatchedwa dziwe lokonzekera kapena forebay. Chifukwa palibe malo akuluakulu osungiramo madzi, mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu ya Sichuan imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa madzi kwa nyengo yomwe yatchulidwapo. Chifukwa chake, Sichuan flow power plant nthawi zambiri imatanthauzidwa ngati gwero lamphamvu lapakatikati. Ngati thanki yoyang'anira yomwe imatha kuwongolera kuyenda kwa madzi nthawi iliyonse imamangidwa munyumba yamagetsi ya Chuanliu, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo ometa kwambiri kapena malo opangira magetsi.

3. Mphamvu ya mafunde
Kupanga mphamvu zamafunde kumatengera kukwera ndi kutsika kwamadzi am'nyanja chifukwa cha mafunde. Nthawi zambiri, malo osungira adzamangidwa kuti apange magetsi, koma palinso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwachindunji kwa madzi apamtunda popanga magetsi. Palibe malo ambiri abwino opangira mphamvu zamafunde padziko lapansi. Pali malo asanu ndi atatu oyenerera ku UK, ndipo kuthekera kwake kukuyerekezedwa kukhala kokwanira kukwaniritsa 20% ya mphamvu zomwe dziko likufuna.
Zachidziwikire, malo opangira mphamvu zamagetsi wamba amawongolera njira zitatu zopangira mphamvu zamagetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, malo opangira magetsi opopera nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yochulukirapo yamagetsi (mphamvu munyengo ya kusefukira kwamadzi, tchuthi kapena kutsika pakati pausiku) kupopera madzi kuchokera pankhokwe yapansi kupita ku dziwe lapamwamba kuti asungidwe; Pachimake cha kuchuluka kwa dongosolo, madzi omwe ali pamwamba pake adzayikidwa pansi ndipo makina opangira madzi adzayendetsa jenereta ya turbine yamadzi kuti apange magetsi. Ndi ntchito ziwiri za kumeta nsonga ndi kudzaza zigwa, ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yometa pamakina amagetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati kusinthasintha pafupipafupi, kusinthasintha kwa magawo, kuwongolera ma voliyumu ndi kuyimilira, zomwe zimagwira ntchito yofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kuti ma gridi amagetsi akuyenda bwino komanso apamwamba komanso kuwongolera chuma chadongosolo.
Pumped storage power station palokha simapanga mphamvu yamagetsi, koma imagwira ntchito pogwirizanitsa kutsutsana pakati pa kupanga magetsi ndi magetsi mu gridi yamagetsi; Kuwongolera kwapamwamba kwambiri kumakhala ndi gawo lofunikira pakulemetsa kwakanthawi kochepa; Kuyamba mwachangu ndi kusintha kotulutsa kumatha kutsimikizira kudalirika kwamagetsi a gridi yamagetsi ndikuwongolera mtundu wamagetsi amagetsi. Tsopano sizimatchedwa hydropower, koma kusungirako mphamvu.
Pakali pano, pali malo 193 opangira magetsi opangira magetsi padziko lonse lapansi ndipo 21 akumangidwa. Pakati pawo, masiteshoni 55 opangira magetsi opangira madzi opitilira 1000MW akugwira ntchito ku China, ndipo 5 akumangidwa, omwe ali oyamba padziko lonse lapansi.