Ngā Pae Hou i te Pūngao o Āhia Waenganui: Te Aranga Ake o te Mana Wai Iti
I te tere haere o te ao pūngao ki te oranga tonutanga, kei te tū a Uzbekistan me Kyrgyzstan i Āhia Waenganui i tētahi huarahi hou mō te whanaketanga pūngao. I te tipu haere o te ōhanga o Uzbekistan, kei te whānui haere te tauine ahumahi o Uzbekistan, kei te tere haere te hanga tāone, ā, kei te piki haere tonu te paerewa oranga mō ōna tāngata. Kei muri i ēnei huringa pai ko te pikinga tonu o te tono pūngao. E ai ki tētahi pūrongo mai i te International Energy Agency (IEA), kua piki ake te tono pūngao o Uzbekistan mā te 40% i roto i te tekau tau kua hipa, ā, e matapaetia ana ka piki ake mā te 50% i te tau 2030. Kei te anga atu hoki a Kyrgyzstan ki te piki haere o te tono pūngao, inā koa i ngā marama hotoke, ina tino kitea te korenga o te hiko, ā, ko te korenga o te pūngao te aukati i tōna whanaketanga ōhanga me te pāpori.
I a ngā pūtake pūngao tuku iho e whai ana ki te whakatutuki i ēnei hiahia e piki haere ana, he maha ngā take e kitea ana. Ahakoa kei a Uzbekistan ētahi rauemi hau māori, kua roa a Uzbekistan e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā wahie pūmua, e anga atu ana ki te mōrearea o te paunga o ngā rauemi me te parahanga nui o te taiao. Ko Kyrgyzstan, me te nui o te mana hiko wai i roto i tana ranunga pūngao, e anga atu ana ki te raruraru o te tawhito o ngā hanganga me te iti o te whai huatanga, e uaua ai te whakatutuki i te hiahia hiko e piki haere ana. I runga i tēnei horopaki, kua puta puku mai te mana hiko moroiti (Micro hydropower) hei otinga pūngao ma, pumau hoki i ngā whenua e rua, me te pūmanawa kāore e tika kia whakaititia.
Uzbekistan: He Whenua Kāore anō kia Whakamahia mō te Mana Wai Iti
(1) Tātaritanga Tūnga Pūngao
Kua roa te hanganga pūngao o Uzbekistan e tino motuhake ana, e 86% o te pūtake pūngao e ahu mai ana i te hau māori. Nā te whakawhirinaki nui ki tētahi pūtake pūngao kotahi ka tūpono te haumarutanga pūngao o te whenua. Mēnā ka rerekē ngā mākete hau māori o te ao, ka raru rānei te tango hau ā-rohe, ka tino pāngia te pūtake pūngao o Uzbekistan. Heoi anō, nā te whakamahinga nui o ngā wahie pūmua kua nui te parahanga o te taiao, me te piki haere tonu o ngā tukunga hauhā, ā, ka nui te pēhanga ki te pūnaha rauropi o te rohe.
I te mea e tipu haere ana te aro o te ao ki te whanaketanga tauwhiro, kua kite a Uzbekistan i te hiahia nui ki te whakawhiti pūngao. Kua whakatakotohia e te whenua he raupapa rautaki whanaketanga pūngao, me te whāinga kia whakapiki ake i te wāhi o te pūngao whakahou i roto i tana whakaputanga hiko katoa ki te 54% i te tau 2030. Mā tēnei whāinga ka whakaratohia he wāhi nui mō te whanaketanga o te hiko wai iti me ētahi atu puna pūngao whakahou.
(2) Te Tūhura i te Pūmanawa Hiko-Hauora Iti
He nui ngā rauemi wai o Uzbekistan, ko te nuinga kei roto i ngā awa o Amu Darya me Syr Darya. E ai ki ngā raraunga mana, he 22 piriona kWh te kaha o te mana hiko wai o te whenua, engari ko te reiti whakamahinga o nāianei he 15% noa iho. Ko te tikanga he nui te kaha mō te whakawhanake i te mana hiko wai iti. I ētahi rohe maunga, pērā i ētahi wāhanga o te Pamir Plateau me ngā Maunga Tian Shan, ko te whenua pari me ngā hekenga awa nui e pai ai mō te hanga teihana mana hiko wai iti. He awa tere te rere o ēnei rohe, e whakarato ana i te puna hiko pumau mō ngā pūnaha mana hiko wai iti.
I te rohe o Nukus, kei reira tētahi teihana hiko wai nui me te kaha tāuta o te 480 MW, e whakarato ana i te tautoko hiko nui mō te whanaketanga ōhanga ā-rohe. Haunga ngā teihana hiko wai nui, kei te kaha hoki a Uzbekistan ki te tūhura i te hanganga o ngā tipu hiko wai iti. Kua hangaia kētia ētahi teihana hiko wai iti, ā, kua whakamahia ki ngā wāhi tūmatanui, e whakarato ana i te tuku hiko pumau ki ngā kainoho o te rohe, me te whakapai ake i te kounga o ō rātou oranga. Ehara i te mea ka whakamahia katoatia e ēnei teihana hiko wai iti ngā rauemi wai o te rohe engari ka whakaitihia hoki te whakawhirinaki ki ngā puna hiko tuku iho, ka whakaitihia ngā tukunga waro.
(3) Tautoko a te Kāwanatanga
Hei whakatairanga i te whanaketanga o te pūngao hou, kua whakaurua e te kāwanatanga o Uzbek he raupapa kaupapa here. Mō ngā tautoko, ka tukuna e te kāwanatanga he tautoko pūtea ki ngā kamupene e haumi ana ki ngā kaupapa hiko wai iti hei whakaiti i ngā utu haumi. Mō ngā kamupene e hanga ana i ngā teihana hiko wai moroiti, ka whakaratohia e te kāwanatanga he tautoko i runga i te kaha tāuta o te teihana me te whakaputa hiko, e tino akiaki ana i ngā haumitanga ki te hiko wai iti.
Kua whakatinanahia hoki e te kāwanatanga ētahi kaupapa here pai. Mō ngā taake, ka whiwhi ngā kamupene hiko wai iti i ngā whakahekenga taake, hei whakamama i ō rātou taumahatanga. I ngā wāhanga tuatahi o te mahi, ka taea e ēnei kamupene te whakawātea i ngā taake mō tētahi wā, ā, i muri mai ka taea e rātou te whiwhi i ngā reiti taake iti. Mō te whakamahinga whenua, ka whakatairangahia e te kāwanatanga te whakarato whenua mō ngā kaupapa hiko wai iti, ā, ka tukuna ētahi whakahekenga whakamahinga whenua. Ka waihangahia e ēnei kaupapa here he taiao pai mō te whanaketanga o te hiko wai moroiti.
(4) Ngā Wero me ngā Otinga
Ahakoa te kaha nui o Uzbekistan me ngā kaupapa here pai mō te whakawhanaketanga o te hiko wai iti, he maha tonu ngā wero. I te taha hangarau, kua tawhito te hangarau hiko wai iti i ētahi rohe, ā, he iti te whai huatanga. Ko ētahi teihana hiko wai iti tawhito he tawhito ngā taputapu, he nui ngā utu tiaki, ā, he koretake te whakaputa hiko. Hei whakatika i tēnei, ka taea e Uzbekistan te whakapakari i te mahi tahi me ngā kamupene hangarau o te ao, me te whakauru i ngā hangarau me ngā taputapu hiko wai iti matatau hei whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakaputa hiko. Mā te mahi tahi me ngā whenua pēnei i a Haina me Tiamana, he mātau matatau ki te hiko wai iti, ka taea te kawe mai i ngā hangarau me ngā taputapu hou, hei whakapai ake i ngā teihana hiko wai iti o te whenua.
Ko te korenga o te pūtea tētahi atu take nui. Me nui te haumitanga pūtea mō te hanganga o ngā kaupapa hiko wai iti, ā, he iti noa ngā hongere pūtea ā-rohe o Uzbekistan. Hei kohi pūtea, ka taea e te kāwanatanga te whakatenatena i te haumitanga o te ao, me te kukume i ngā umanga pūtea me ngā kamupene o te ao ki te haumi ki ngā kaupapa hiko wai iti. Ka taea hoki e te kāwanatanga te whakatū i ngā pūtea motuhake hei tautoko i ēnei kaupapa i te taha pūtea.
Ko te koretake o ngā hanganga he mea whakawhāiti anō hoki i te whanaketanga o te hiko wai iti. Kāore i te rawaka te horapa o te whatunga hiko ki ētahi wāhi tūmatanui, ā, he uaua ki te tuku i te hiko e whakaputaina ana e te hiko wai iti ki ngā wāhi e nui ana te tono. Nō reira, me whakapiki ake a Uzbekistan i te haumi ki te hanganga me te whakapai ake i ngā hanganga pēnei i ngā whatunga hiko, me te whakapai ake i te kaha tuku hiko. Ka taea e te kāwanatanga te whakateretere i te hanganga whatunga hiko mā roto i ngā haumitanga me te kukume i te pūtea pāpori, me te whakarite kia taea te tuku pai i te hiko e whakaputaina ana e te hiko wai iti ki ngā kaihoko.
Kyrgyzstan: He Māra Whakatipu mō te Mana Waiora Moroiti
(1) Ngā Rahui Pūngao Wai o te "Pourewa Wai o Āhia Waenganui"
E mōhiotia ana a Kyrgyzstan ko te "Pourewa Wai o Āhia Waenganui," nā tōna āhua whenua ahurei, e whakarato ana i ngā rauemi wai maha. Nā te mea he maunga te 93% o te whenua, he maha ngā ua, he whānui ngā awa hukapapa, ā, e horapa ana ngā awa neke atu i te 500,000 km te roa, ko te tapeke rauemi wai ā-tau o Kyrgyzstan he tata ki te 51 piriona m³. Nā tēnei, ko te pūmanawa hiko wai ā-tau o te whenua he 1,335 piriona kWh, me te pūmanawa hangarau o te 719 piriona kWh me te kaha ōhanga e taea ana te whakamahi he 427 piriona kWh. I roto i ngā whenua CIS, ko Kyrgyzstan te tuatoru, whai muri i a Rūhia me Tajikistan, mō te pūmanawa hiko wai.
Heoi, ko te reiti whakamahinga rauemi hiko wai o Kyrgyzstan i tēnei wā he tata ki te 10% noa iho, he rerekē rawa atu ki tōna pūmanawa hiko wai nui. Ahakoa kua whakatūria e te whenua ngā teihana hiko wai nui pēnei i te teihana hiko wai o Toktogul (i hangaia i te tau 1976, me te kaha nui kua tāutahia), he maha ngā teihana hiko wai iti kei roto tonu i ngā wāhanga tīmatanga o te whanaketanga, ā, he nui tonu te pūmanawa hiko wai kāore anō kia whakamahia.
(2) Te Ahunga Whakamua me ngā Whakatutukitanga o te Kaupapa
I ngā tau tata nei, kua tino ahu whakamua a Kyrgyzstan i roto i te hanganga o ngā teihana hiko wai iti. E ai ki te Kabar News Agency, i te tau 2024, i whakatūria e te whenua he puranga o ngā teihana hiko wai iti me te katoa o te kaha tāuta o te 48.3 MW, pērā i ngā teihana hiko wai o Bala-Saruu me Issyk-Ata-1. I tēnei wā, e 33 ngā teihana hiko wai iti e whakahaerehia ana e te whenua me te katoa o te kaha tāuta o te 121.5 MW, ā, i te mutunga o tēnei tau, e ono atu ngā teihana hiko wai iti e matapaetia ana ka whakahaerehia.
Nā te whakatūnga o ēnei teihana hiko wai iti kua tino whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga tuku hiko ā-rohe. I ētahi wāhi maunga tūmatanui, i te mea kāore i te rawaka te kapinga hiko i mua, kua whai wāhi pai ngā tāngata whenua ki te hiko. Kua tino pai ake te kounga o te oranga o te iwi o te rohe, ā, kāore rātou e noho pōuriuri ana i te pō, me te mahi noa o ngā taputapu o te whare. Ka taea hoki e ētahi pakihi whānau iti te whakahaere pai, ka whakauru i te ora ki roto i te ōhanga o te rohe. Hei tāpiri, ka whakaitihia e ēnei kaupapa hiko wai iti te whakawhirinaki ki ngā pūtake hiko tuku iho me te whakaiti i ngā tukunga waro, ka whai wāhi pai ki te tiaki taiao o te rohe.
(3) Te Mana o te Mahi Tahi ā-Ao
He mahi nui tā te mahi tahi ā-ao i roto i te whanaketanga o te hiko wai iti i Kyrgyzstan. Hei hoa nui, kua uru atu a Haina ki te mahi tahi whānui me Kyrgyzstan i roto i te mara hiko wai iti. I te Huihuinga Ōhanga ā-Ao 7 o Issyk-Kul i te tau 2023, i hainatia e te rōpū kamupene Haina he whakaaetanga me Kyrgyzstan ki te haumi i te 2 ki te 3 piriona USD ki te hanganga o te Teihana Hiko Wai o Kazarman Cascade, e whā ngā tipu hiko wai me te kaha tāuta katoa o te 1,160 MW, ā, e matapaetia ana ka whakahaerehia i te tau 2030.
Kua whakaratohia hoki e ngā whakahaere o te ao pēnei i te World Bank me te European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) he pūtea me te tautoko hangarau mō ngā kaupapa hiko wai iti o Kyrgyzstan. Kua tukuna e Kyrgyzstan ētahi kaupapa teihana hiko wai iti ki te EBRD, tae atu ki te hanganga o te Upper Naryn Dam. Kua whakaatu te EBRD i te hiahia ki te whakatinana i ngā "kaupapa matomato" i roto i te whenua, tae atu ki te whakahou i te rāngai pūngao me ngā kaupapa hiko wai. Ehara i te mea ko tēnei mahi tahi o te ao anake ka kawea mai he pūtea e tino hiahiatia ana ki Kyrgyzstan, ka whakamama i ngā here pūtea mō te hanganga kaupapa, engari ka whakaurua mai hoki he hangarau matatau me te tohungatanga whakahaere, ka whakapai ake i ngā taumata hanganga me te whakahaere o ngā kaupapa hiko wai iti o te whenua.
(4) Te tirohanga ki te mahere whanaketanga ā muri ake nei
I runga i te nui o ngā rauemi wai o Kyrgyzstan me te ia o te whanaketanga o nāianei, he whānui ngā tūmanakohanga mō te whanaketanga ā muri ake nei mō ōna hiko wai iti. Kua whakatakotohia e te kāwanatanga he whāinga whanaketanga pūngao mārama me ngā mahere hei whakanui ake i te wāhi o te pūngao whakahou i roto i te hanganga pūngao ā-motu ki te 10% i te tau 2030. Ko te hiko wai iti, hei wāhanga nui o te pūngao whakahou, ka noho ki tētahi tūranga nui i roto i tēnei.
I ngā rā kei te heke mai, me te whanaketanga tonu o te hangarau me te hohonu haere o te mahi tahi o te ao, e matapaetia ana ka whakapiki ake a Kyrgyzstan i ana mahi ki te whakawhanake i ngā rauemi hiko wai iti. Ka hangaia he maha atu ngā teihana hiko wai iti puta noa i te motu, e kore e tutuki noa i te hiahia hiko ā-rohe e tipu haere ana, engari ka whakapiki ake hoki i ngā kaweake hiko me te whakarei ake i te kaha ōhanga o te whenua. Mā te whanaketanga o te hiko wai iti ka akiaki hoki i te whanaketanga o ngā ahumahi e pā ana, pērā i te hanga taputapu, te hanga miihini, te whakahaere me te tiaki hiko, ka waihanga i ngā whai wāhitanga mahi, me te whakatairanga i te whanaketanga kanorau o te ōhanga.
Ngā Tūmanako Mākete: Ngā Huarahi me ngā Wero e Noho Tahi Ana
(I) Ngā Huarahi Noa
Mai i te tirohanga o ngā hiahia whakawhiti pūngao, kei te aro nui a Uzbekistan me Kyrgyzstan ki te mahi tere o te whakarerekē i tā rāua hanganga pūngao. I te mea kei te piki haere tonu te aro o te ao ki te huringa āhuarangi, kua noho ko te whakaiti i ngā tukunga waro me te whakawhanake i te pūngao ma hei whakaae whānuitia e te ao. Kua kaha te urupare a ngā whenua e rua ki tēnei ia, ā, he whai wāhitanga pai tēnei mō te whakawhanake i te mana wai iti. Hei puna pūngao ma, ka taea hoki e te mana wai iti te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki te pūngao tawhito me te whakaiti i ngā tukunga waro, he mea e hangai ana ki te ahunga whakawhiti pūngao i roto i ngā whenua e rua.
Mō ngā kaupapa here pai, kua whakaurua e ngā kāwanatanga e rua he raupapa kaupapa here hei tautoko i te whanaketanga o te pūngao hou. Kua whakatakotohia e Uzbekistan ngā whāinga whanaketanga pūngao hou mārama, me te whakamahere ki te whakanui ake i te ōwehenga o te pūngao hou i roto i te whakaputanga hiko katoa ki te 54% i te tau 2030, me te whakarato tautoko me ngā kaupapa here pai mō ngā kaupapa hiko wai iti. Kua whakaurua hoki e Kyrgyzstan te whanaketanga pūngao hou ki roto i tana rautaki ā-motu, me te whakamahere ki te whakanui ake i te wāhi o te pūngao hou i roto i te hanganga pūngao ā-motu ki te 10% i te tau 2030, ā, kua tautoko kaha i te hanganga o ngā kaupapa hiko wai iti, kua whakatairanga kaha i te mahi tahi o te ao, ā, kua waihangahia he taiao kaupapa here pai mō te whanaketanga o te hiko wai iti.
Kua tautokona hoki e te ahunga whakamua o te hangarau te whanaketanga o te hiko wai iti i ngā whenua e rua. Nā te whanaketanga tonu o te pūtaiao me te hangarau, kua pakari haere te hangarau hiko wai iti, kua whakapaitia tonutia te pai o te whakaputa hiko, ā, kua heke haere ngā utu taputapu. Nā te whakamahinga o ngā hangarau hou pēnei i te hoahoa tāpine matatau me ngā pūnaha whakahaere atamai kua pai ake te hanganga me te whakahaere i ngā kaupapa hiko wai iti, ā, kua watea ake. Nā ēnei ahunga whakamua hangarau kua whakaitihia te mōrearea haumi o ngā kaupapa hiko wai iti, kua whakapai ake i ngā painga ōhanga o ngā kaupapa, ā, kua kukume mai i ngā kaipupuri moni ki te whai wāhi ki ngā kaupapa hiko wai iti.
(II) Te tātari i ngā wero ahurei
He wero kei mua i a Uzbekistan mō te hangarau, te whakapaipai me ngā hanganga i roto i te whanaketanga o te hiko wai iti. He iti te whai huatanga o te hangarau hiko wai iti i ētahi wāhi, ā, he iti te pai o te whakaputa hiko, me whakauru mai he hangarau me ngā taputapu matatau. He nui te haumitanga whakapaipai e hiahiatia ana mō te hanganga o ngā kaupapa hiko wai iti, engari he iti noa ngā hongere putea ā-rohe o Uzbekistan, ā, kua aukatia e te korenga o ngā whakapaipai te ahunga whakamua o ngā kaupapa. I ētahi wāhi tūmatanui, kāore i te rawaka te kapinga o te whatunga hiko, ā, he uaua ki te tuku i te hiko i hangaia e te hiko wai iti ki ngā wāhi e hiahiatia ana. Kua noho te hanganga kāore i te tino pai hei arai mō te whanaketanga o te hiko wai iti.
Ahakoa he nui ngā rauemi wai o Kyrgyzstan, he maha ngā wero motuhake kei mua i a ia. He uaua te whenua, he maha ngā maunga, ā, he uaua hoki te kawe waka, ā, kua nui ngā uauatanga ki te hanganga o ngā kaupapa hiko wai iti me te kawe taputapu. Tērā pea ka pāngia te ahunga whakamua o ngā kaupapa hiko wai iti e te koretake o te tōrangapū, ā, he tūponotanga kei roto i te haumitanga me te whakahaere o ngā kaupapa. He āhua whakamuri te ōhanga o Kyrgyzstan, ā, he iti te kaha hoko o te mākete ā-rohe mō ngā taputapu me ngā ratonga hiko wai iti, ā, ki tētahi taumata ka whakawhāiti i te whānuitanga o te whanaketanga o te umanga hiko wai iti.
Te ara o ngā pakihi ki te angitu: ngā rautaki me ngā whakaaro
(I) Te mahi ā-rohe
He mea nui te whakahaere ā-rohe mō ngā umanga ki te whakawhanake i te mākete hiko wai iti i Uzbekistan me Kyrgyzstan. Me mārama hōhonu ngā umanga ki te ahurea o te rohe, me te whakaute i ngā tikanga ā-rohe, ngā whakapono me ngā tikanga pakihi. I Uzbekistan, he nui te ahurea Muhirama. I te wā e whakatinanahia ana te kaupapa, me aro ngā umanga ki ngā whakaritenga mahi i ngā wā motuhake pēnei i te Ramadan kia kore ai e mārama ngā whakaaro nā ngā rerekētanga ahurea.
Ko te whakatū i tētahi tīma ā-rohe te mea nui ki te whakatutuki i ngā mahi ā-rohe. E mōhio ana ngā kaimahi ā-rohe ki te taiao mākete ā-rohe, ngā ture me ngā whakaritenga, me ngā whanaungatanga ā-iwi, ā, ka taea e rātou te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me te mahi tahi me ngā kāwanatanga ā-rohe, ngā umanga me ngā tāngata. Ka taea te kimi i ngā tohunga hangarau, ngā kaiwhakahaere me ngā kaimahi hokohoko ā-rohe hei hanga i tētahi tīma kanorau. He huarahi whai hua hoki te mahi tahi me ngā umanga ā-rohe ki te whakatuwhera i te mākete. He nui ngā rauemi me ngā hononga a ngā umanga ā-rohe i te rohe. Mā te mahi tahi me rātou ka taea te whakaiti i te paepae whakauru mākete me te whakanui ake i te reiti angitu o te kaupapa. Ka taea te mahi tahi me ngā kamupene hanga ā-rohe ki te whakahaere i te hanganga o ngā kaupapa hiko wai iti me te mahi tahi me ngā kamupene hiko ā-rohe ki te hoko hiko.
(II) Te auahatanga hangarau me te urutau
E ai ki ngā hiahia o te rohe, ko te rangahau, te whakawhanake me te whakamahi i ngā hangarau hiko wai iti e tika ana te mea nui mō ngā umanga kia whai tūranga ki te mākete. I Uzbekistan me Kyrgyzstan, he uaua te whenua o ētahi rohe, ā, he rerekē ngā āhua o te awa. Me whakawhanake e ngā umanga ngā taputapu hiko wai iti e urutau ana ki ngā āhua o te whenua me te rere o te wai. I runga i ngā āhuatanga o te hekenga nui me te rere o te wai pōrearea i roto i ngā awa maunga, kua whakawhanakehia ngā tāwhana hiko tino pai me ngā taputapu whakaputa hiko pumau hei whakapai ake i te pai me te pumau o te whakaputa hiko.
Me arotahi hoki ngā umanga ki te auahatanga hangarau me te whakapai ake. I te whanaketanga tonu o te pūtaiao me te hangarau, kei te whakapai tonu hoki te hangarau hiko wai iti. Me whakauru kaha ngā umanga i ngā hangarau me ngā ariā matatau, pērā i ngā pūnaha whakahaere atamai me ngā hangarau aroturuki mamao, hei whakapai ake i te taumata whakahaere me te taumata whakahaere o ngā kaupapa hiko wai iti. Mā roto i ngā pūnaha whakahaere atamai, ka taea te whakatutuki i te aroturukitanga wā-tūturu me te whakahaere mamao o ngā taputapu hiko wai iti, ka taea te kimi me te whakatau i ngā hapa taputapu i te wā tika, ā, ka taea hoki te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga me te pono o ngā taputapu.
(III) Ngā rautaki whakahaere mōrearea
I roto i te whakahaere i ngā kaupapa hiko wai iti i Uzbekistan me Kyrgyzstan, me whakahaere e ngā umanga he aromatawai whānui me te urupare whai hua ki ngā kaupapa here, mākete, taiao me ētahi atu mōrearea. Mō ngā mōrearea kaupapa here, ka rerekē pea ngā kaupapa here o ngā whenua e rua i roto i te wā. Me aro nui ngā umanga ki ngā au kaupapa here ā-rohe, me te whakarerekē i ngā rautaki kaupapa i te wā tika. Mena ka rerekē te kaupapa here tautoko a te kāwanatanga ā-rohe mō ngā kaupapa hiko wai iti, me whakarite wawe ngā umanga, me te kimi i ētahi atu puna moni, me te whakaiti rānei i ngā utu kaupapa.
Ko te mōrearea mākete tētahi arotahi anō hoki me aro atu ngā umanga. Tērā pea ka pāngia ngā kaupapa a te kamupene e ngā panonitanga o te tono mākete me ngā whakatikatika rautaki a ngā kaiwhakataetae. Me whakapakari e ngā umanga te rangahau mākete, me mārama ki te tono mākete me te āhua o ngā kaiwhakataetae, me te whakatakoto rautaki mākete whaitake. Mā te rangahau mākete, me mārama ki te tono hiko a ngā kainoho me ngā umanga o te rohe, tae atu ki ngā painga hua me ngā ratonga a ngā kaiwhakataetae, kia taea ai te whakatakoto rautaki mākete whakataetae ake.
Kaua hoki e warewarehia ngā mōrearea taiao. Tērā pea ka pāngia te taiao ā-rohe e te hanganga me te whakahaere i ngā kaupapa hiko wai iti, pērā i ngā huringa o ngā pūnaha rauropi awa me te noho o ngā rauemi whenua. Me whakahaere e ngā umanga he aromatawai taiao whānui i mua i te whakatinanatanga o te kaupapa, me te whakatakoto i ngā tikanga tiaki taiao e tika ana hei whakarite i te whanaketanga pumau o te kaupapa. I te wā o te hanganga o te kaupapa, me mahi i ngā tikanga tiaki oneone me te wai hei whakaiti i te kino ki ngā rauemi whenua; i te wā o te whakahaere kaupapa, me whakapakari te aroturuki me te tiaki i ngā pūnaha rauropi awa kia kore ai e pakaru te taurite o te taiao.
Whakamutunga: Ka whakamārama te hiko wai iti i te heke mai o Āhia Waenganui
Kei te whakaatu te hiko wai iti i te kaha me te pūmanawa onge i runga i te taumata hiko o Uzbekistan me Kyrgyzstan. Ahakoa e pā ana ngā whenua e rua ki ō rātou ake wero i runga i te huarahi whanaketanga, ko te tautoko kaha o ngā kaupapa here, te nui o ngā rauemi wai me te ahunga whakamua tonu o te hangarau kua whakarato i te turanga pakari mo te whanaketanga o te hiko wai iti. I te whanaketanga āta haere o ngā kaupapa hiko wai iti, ka haere tonu te whakapai ake i te hanganga hiko o ngā whenua e rua, ka whakaitihia te whakawhirinaki ki te hiko pūmua tuku iho, ā, ka tino whakaitihia ngā tukunga waro, he mea nui rawa atu tēnei mo te urupare ki te huringa āhuarangi o te ao.
Mā te whanaketanga o te hiko wai iti ka whai wāhi nui ki te whanaketanga ōhanga o ngā whenua e rua. I Uzbekistan, mā te hanganga o ngā kaupapa hiko wai iti ka akiaki i te whanaketanga o ngā ahumahi e pā ana, ka whakatairanga hoki i te kanorau ōhanga. I Kyrgyzstan, kāore e taea e te hiko wai iti te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia pūngao ā-rohe anake, engari ka noho hei pūwāhi tipu ōhanga hou, ka whakapiki ake hoki i te moni whiwhi ā-motu mā te kaweake hiko. Ki taku whakaaro, ā, i roto i ngā rā kei te heke mai, ka noho te hiko wai iti hei rama e whakamārama ana i te ara whanaketanga pūngao o Uzbekistan me Kyrgyzstan, ā, ka whai wāhi nui ki te whanaketanga pumau o ngā whenua e rua.
Te wā tuku: 10-Pepuere-2025
