He wāhanga nui ngā tāwhana Francis o ngā tipu hiko wai, ā, he mahi nui tā rātou ki te whakaputa hiko ma, hou hoki. I tapaina ēnei tāwhana i muri i tō rātou kaihanga, a James B. Francis, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā whakaurunga hiko wai puta noa i te ao. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka tūhuratia e mātou ngā āhuatanga matua me te hiranga o ngā tipu hiko tāwhana Francis i roto i te ao o te whakaputa hiko tauwhiro.
Te Anatomi o Francis Turbines
Ko ngā tāpine wai Francis he momo tāpine wai i hangaia kia pai te mahi i raro i ngā āhuatanga waipēhi reo-rahi ki te teitei, mai i te 20 ki te 700 mita te whānui. Kei roto i tō rātou hoahoa ngā wāhanga rere radial me te axial, e whai hua ai mō ngā momo rere wai katoa.
Ko te hanganga taketake o te tāpine Francis he maha ngā wāhanga matua:
Kaikawe: Koinei te ngākau o te tāpine, te wāhi e tomo ai te wai, e taunekeneke ai me ngā mata hei whakaputa i te pūngao miihini. He raupapa mata piko kei te kaikawe, kua hangaia hei whakamahi pai i te pūngao nekeneke o te rere o te wai.
Te Āpiti Porowhita: Ka ārahi te āpiti porowhita i te wai ki te pūwero me te iti o te ngaronga pūngao. Ka āwhina i te pupuri i te rere me te pēhanga pumau i te wā e tomo ana te wai ki te tāpine.
Ngongo Tauira: I muri i te haerenga i roto i te kaikawe, ka puta te wai mā roto i te ngongo tauira, ka āwhina i te whakaiti i te tere me te pēhanga o te putanga, ka whakanui ake i te tango pūngao.
Te Whakahaere o ngā Tūpuna Francis
Ko te mahi a ngā tāpine Francis e ahu mai ana i te kaupapa o te huri i te kaha pūmanawa o te wai e taka ana ki te kaha miihini, ka hurihia hei kaha hiko. Anei tētahi tirohanga whānui mō tā rātou mahi:
Te Whakaurunga Wai: Ka tukuna te wai pēhanga teitei ki roto i te anga porowhita, ka tomo ki te oma.
Te Hurihanga Pūngao: I te rere o te wai i roto i te kaikawe, ka pā ki ngā mata piko, ka huri te kaikawe. Mā tēnei nekehanga hurihuri ka huri te pūngao nekeneke o te wai hei pūngao miihini.
Pūngao Ā-Mīhini ki te Pūngao Hiko: Ka honoa te oma hurihuri ki tētahi whakaputa hiko, e huri ai te pūngao ā-mīhini ki te pūngao hiko mā roto i ngā mātāpono o te arataki hikohiko.
Te Whakaputa Hiko: Kātahi ka tukuna te hiko e whakaputaina ana ki te whatunga hiko hei tohatoha ki ngā kāinga me ngā ahumahi.
Ngā Painga o ngā Whare Hiko o Francis Turbine
He maha ngā painga o ngā tipu hiko tāpine Francis:
Whai Huatanga: He tino whai hua ēnei puta noa i te whānuitanga o ngā tikanga whakahaere, ā, he pai mō ngā kaupapa hiko wai.
Ngāwari: Ka taea e ngā tāpine Francis te urutau ki ngā tere rere wai e rerekē ana, ā, ka taea hoki te whakahaere i ngā tono pane iti me te pane teitei.
Pūngao Ma: He mea whakahou te hiko wai, ā, he iti noa ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi e puta mai ana, e whai wāhi ana ki tētahi heke mai pūngao pumau.
Pūmautanga: E mōhiotia ana ēnei tāpine mō tō rātou pakari me te roa o te ora mahi, e neke atu ana i ngā tekau tau.
Whakamutunga
Ko ngā tipu hiko o ngā tāwhana Francis he tohu mō te auahatanga o te tangata ki te whakamahi i te mana o te wai e rere ana hei whakaputa hiko ma. He mahi nui tā rātou i roto i te whakawhiti ki ngā pūtake hiko pumau, e whakarato ana i tētahi otinga pono, ā, he pai hoki mō te taiao hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia hiko e tipu haere ana o te ao. I a tātou e haere tonu ana ki te tūhura i ngā huarahi ma ake, whai hua ake hoki mō te whakaputa hiko, ko ngā tāwhana Francis tonu te poutokomanawa o te whakaputa hiko wai.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-28-2023
