He tāpine wai momo-whakaoho te tāpine Turgo i hangaia mō ngā tono pane-waenga, ā, he pai te mahi me ngā pane kupenga i waenga i te 15 me te 300 mita. I hangaia, i patenthia hoki e Eric Crewdson i te tau 1919, i whakawhanakehia te Turgo hei whakakī i te hiahia o te mākete mō tētahi putanga tere motuhake teitei ake o te tāpine Pelton. Nā tōna hoahoa ka taea e ia te whakahaere i tētahi tere rere nui ake i te wira Pelton o te diameter kotahi, ka hua ake he putanga mana teitei ake, ā, he maha ngā wā ka whakakorehia te hiahia mō ngā tuku tere utu nui mā te whakahohe i te hononga tika ki tētahi whakaputa hiko.
He rerekē ki te hoahoa Pelton, arā, ka pā ngā pupuhi wai ki ngā peere i waenganui, ā, ka hurihia ki muri, ka anga te pupuhi o te Turgo ki tētahi koki koi (ko te tikanga he 22.5°) ki te papa o te kaikawe. Ka tomo te wai mai i tētahi taha o te kaikawe, ka puta mai i tērā taha, ka whakaiti i te pokanoa i waenga i te rerenga atu me te pupuhi e haere mai ana. Mā tēnei ara rere whai hua, me te kaikawe he tere motuhake teitei ake, ka tino pai te Turgo mō ngā wāhi he nui ngā rerekētanga o te rere.
Ngā Wāhanga Matua me te Hoahoa
Ko te hanga o te tāpine Turgo me whai huarahi tika ki te whakarite i ōna wāhanga matua kia pai ai te whai huatanga me te roa o te wā.
Te Kaieke
Te Mahi me te Hiranga: Ko te oma te ngākau o te tāpine, te wāhi e whakawhitihia ai te pūngao mai i te wai ki te hurihanga ā-pūkaha. Ka pā tika tōna hoahoa ki te whai huatanga o te tāpine.
Hoahoa Mata: Kei ngā oma Turgo ngā mata he āhua 3D uaua, ā, he āhua 勺状 (sháo zhuàng – rite ki te koko). Kua hangaia te mata o te mata hei whakahaere i te tere me te whakaoti i te tango wai, hei whakaiti i te kaha e haria ana e te rerenga atu. Mō ngā tāpine nui ake, he wāhanga whakawhiti hau (pērā i te parirau rererangi) ngā mata hei whakapai ake i te mahi waipēhi, ahakoa me nui ake te tika o te hanga. Hei whakaiti i te utu, ka hangaia ētahi mata iti ake, iti rānei, i roto i te āhua porowhita, he māmā ake te hanga me te iti noa o te painga.
Hanganga: Ko te tikanga hanga he mea hanga te oma mai i ngā mata maha. Ko tētahi tikanga hanga noa ko te hanga mata mai i te rau maitai matotoru 2mm, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia he mīhini pēhi, ā, muri iho ka tapahia, ka whakaotia. Kātahi ka huihuia ēnei mata, ka whakapirihia ki waenganui i te hipoki o waho (wài lún huán – mowhiti wira o waho) me te pokapū o roto (nèi lún gǔ – pokapū wira o roto). Ka tāpirihia e te hipoki o waho te kaha ki ngā mata, ā, ka āwhina ki te whakaiti i ngā ngaronga o te hau.
Te Pūwero me te Mana Rere
Te Mahi o te Pūwero: Ko te mahi a te pūwero he whakatere i te wai pēhanga mai i te pene ki roto i te wai tere-rahi (shè liú -射流). He ngongo kōniko tēnei e whakaiti haere ana i te horahanga whakawhiti, e whakanui ana i te tere o te wai.
Te Whakahaere Rere: Hei whakahaere i te putanga hiko o te tāpine, me whakahaere te rere o te wai. Ka tutuki tēnei mā te takirere tao (te takirere ngira rānei) kei roto i te pūwero, e neke whakamua ana, e neke whakamuri ana rānei hei whakarerekē i te diameter o te jet, mā te takirere whakahaere ā-ringa rānei i runga i te penstock. Hei tāpiri, ka whakamahia ngā whakakā jet hei tikanga haumaru hei huri tere i te jet mai i te kaiwhakahaere mēnā ka ngaro ohorere te kawenga, hei tiaki i te tāpine mai i te tere rawa me te penstock mai i ngā pēhanga ngaru.
Ngā Peera me te Whakakī
Ngā Peera: Me tautoko te huihuinga peera i te taumaha whakakotahi o te oma me te rotor whakaputa hiko, me tu atu ki te pana axial, me te whakahaere i ngā kaha radial i te wā e whakahaerehia ana. Ko te whakatakotoranga noa mō te waeine Turgo moroiti-wai ka uru pea ki te peera roera pana me te peera poi radial rarangi kotahi. Kua hangaia ēnei peera kia pakari, kia kaha ki te tu atu i ngā āhuatanga mahi kino rawa atu, tae atu ki te tere oma rangitahi.
Te Hanga me te Hanganga Tuku Iho
Mō ngā oma maitai, he mea noa te whakarewa whakarewa tuku iho me te miihini tika. Nā te āhua 3D uaua o ngā mata, he maha ngā wā ka hiahiatia he mira Mana Tau Rorohiko (CNC) hei whakatutuki i te tika e hiahiatia ana, inā koa mō ngā kōtaha hauhautanga whai hua ake. E ai ki te kōrero, mō ngā turbine iti māmā ake, ka taea te tā, te wero rānei i ngā mata mai i te pepa whakarewa, kātahi ka whakarewahia, he tikanga utu nui ake tēnei.
Ko te hanganga o ngā wāhanga hanganga o te tāpine, pērā i te anga, he maha ngā wā ka uru ki te whakarewanga o ngā pereti maitai kua hurihia. Ko te pūwero me ētahi atu wāhanga whakahaere rere ka hangaia mai i ngā konganuku ātete-waikura pērā i te parahi, te maitai kore waikura rānei hei ārai i te horo.
Ngā Tikanga Hou me ngā Tikanga Auaha
Ngā Utauta Hoahoa Matatau: Ko te hangahanga o ēnei rā e tino whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā Aromatawai Wai Rorohiko (CFD) me ētahi atu taputapu hoahoa tau. Mā ēnei kete pūmanawa ka taea e ngā kaihangarau te whakatauira i te rere o te wai mā roto i te oma, me te arotau i te āhua o te mata mō te tango pūngao me te whai huatanga nui i mua i te hanganga o tētahi tauira tūturu.
Te Hanga Tāpiri (Tānga 3D): Kua puta te tānga 3D hei taputapu kaha mō te hanga, inā koa mō ngā tāwhana Turgo tauine-piko, mō te hanga tauira rānei. Kua angitu te rangahau ki te whakaputa i ngā mata tāwhana Turgo katoa mā te whakamahi i ngā pūreretā 3D. Ko te tukanga e whai ake nei:
Te hoahoa i te mata i roto i te pūmanawa whakatauira 3D (hei tauira, SolidWorks).
E kaweake ana i te hoahoa hei kōnae STL.
Te whakarite i te tānga mā te whakamahi i te pūmanawa tapatapahi (hei tauira, Ultimaker Cura), me āta whirihora ngā tawhā matua pēnei i te rere o te miro o te pūwero, te mātotoru whakakī, ngā hanganga tautoko, me te pāmahana tā.
Te whakahaere i te tānga ki runga i tētahi pūreretā 3D kua whakatikatikaina.
Mā tēnei tikanga ka taea te hanga tere me te whai hua o ngā wāhanga matatini, he mea tino pai mō ngā tono iti, ritenga.
Te Mahi me ngā Painga
Ina hangaia tika, he maha ngā painga whakamīharo o ngā tāpine Turgo:
Whai Hua: Ka taea e te tāpine Turgo i hangaia pai te whakatutuki i ngā whai huatanga teitei. Ko ngā waeine whakahaere e eke ana ki te 87%, ā, ko ētahi whakamātautau taiwhanga e whakaatu ana i ngā tihi tae atu ki te 90%. Ka taea tonu e ngā tāpine Pico-tauine te whakatutuki i ngā whai huatanga neke atu i te 80%.
Pakari me te iti o te Tiaki: E mōhiotia ana te tāpine Turgo mō tōna hanganga māmā me te pakari, ā, he iti noa iho ngā whakaritenga tiaki. Ko tōna hoahoa, inā koa te ara jet koki, he iti ake te hekenga o te mahi mai i ngā rauemi whakakoi pēnei i te onepu, te paru rānei, ki te whakaritea ki ētahi atu tāpine, nā te mea he ōrite ake te tohatoha o te kakahu puta noa i ngā mata o te mata.
Ngāwari Whakahaere: Ko tētahi o ngā kaha matua o te Turgo ko tōna kaha ki te pupuri i te whai huatanga teitei i runga i ngā momo rerenga wai. Nā tēnei he tino pai mō ngā kaupapa wai rere-o-te-awa ka rerekē te rere o te wai. Kāore i rite ki ngā tāpine Francis, ka heke tere te mahi i ngā rerenga iti, ka haere tonu te Turgo ki te whakaputa hiko whai hua.
Ko ngā ia o ngā mahi hanga tāpine Turgo ā muri ake nei e tohu ana ki te haere tonu o te arotautanga hoahoa mā te whakatauira matatau me te whānui ake o te whakamahinga o te hanga tāpiri mō te hanga tauira me te hanga wāhanga whakamutunga. I te haere tonu o ngā mahi rangahau me te whanaketanga, e ai ki ngā tuhinga me ngā mahi mātauranga, ka taea e tātou te tumanako ka nui ake ngā whakapainga i roto i te mahi me te whai huatanga utu o ēnei mīhini hiko wai maha-whakamahinga.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 17-2025
