Nō nā tata nei, he maha ngā whenua kua whakapiki ake i ā rātou whāinga whanaketanga pūngao whakahou. I Ūropi, kua whakapiki ake a Itari i tana whāinga whanaketanga pūngao whakahou ki te 64% i te tau 2030. E ai ki te mahere āhuarangi me te pūngao hou a Itari, i te tau 2030, ka whakapiki ake te whāinga whanaketanga kaha tāuta o Itari mō te pūngao whakahou mai i te 80 miriona kirowati ki te 131 miriona kirowati, me te kaha tāuta o te photovoltaic me te hau ki te 79 miriona kirowati me te 28.1 miriona kirowati. Kua whakapiki ake a Potukara i tana whāinga whanaketanga pūngao whakahou ki te 56% i te tau 2030. E ai ki ngā tumanakohanga a te kāwanatanga o Potukara, ka whakapiki ake te whāinga whanaketanga kaha tāuta o te pūngao whakahou mai i te 27.4 miriona kirowati ki te 42.8 miriona kirowati i te tau 2030. Ka eke te kaha tāuta o te photovoltaic me te hau ki te 21 miriona kirowati me te 10.4 miriona kirowati, ā, ka whakapiki ake te whāinga mō te tāutanga pūtau hiko ki te 5.5 miriona kirowati. E matapaetia ana me haumi te 75 piriona euros ki te whanaketanga o te pūngao hou i Potukara, ā, ko te nuinga o te pūtea ka ahu mai i te rāngai tūmataiti.
I te Middle East, i panuitia e te United Arab Emirates tana rautaki pūngao ā-motu hou, e whakamahere ana ki te whakaneke rua i te whakaputanga pūngao hou i te tau 2030. I roto i tēnei wā, ka haumi te whenua ki te $54.44 piriona i roto i te pūngao hou hei whakatutuki i te hiahia pūngao e tipu haere ana nā te tipu o te taupori. Kei roto hoki i tēnei rautaki he rautaki pūngao hauwai ā-motu hou me te whakatūnga o tētahi whatunga teihana utu waka hiko ā-motu, me ngā kaupapa here hei whakahaere i te mākete waka hiko.
I Āhia, i whakaaetia e te kāwanatanga o Vietnam i ngā wā tata nei te mahere whanaketanga hiko tuawaru a Vietnam (PDP8). Kei roto i te PDP8 te mahere whanaketanga hiko a Vietnam tae noa ki te tau 2030 me tōna tirohanga tae noa ki te tau 2050. Mō te pūngao hou, e matapaetia ana e te PDP 8 ka eke te ōwehenga o te whakaputanga pūngao hou ki te 30.9% ki te 39.2% i te tau 2030, me te 67.5% ki te 71.5% i te tau 2050. I te marama o Tīhema 2022, i whakaputa a Vietnam me IPG (ngā mema o te International Partnership Group) i tētahi tauākī tahi mō te "Fair Energy Transition Partnership". I roto i ngā tau e toru ki te rima e whai ake nei, ka whiwhi a Vietnam i te iti rawa $15.5 piriona, ka whakamahia hei āwhina i a Vietnam ki te tere ake i tana whakawhiti mai i te waro ki te pūngao ma. E whakaaro ana te PDP 8, mēnā ka whakatinanahia katoatia te "Fair Energy Transition Partnership", ka eke te ōwehenga o te whakaputanga pūngao hou ki Vietnam ki te 47% i te tau 2030. Kua pānuitia e te Manatū Ōhanga o Mareia he whakahoutanga ki āna whāinga whanaketanga pūngao hou, e whai ana kia kapi i te 70% o te hanganga hiko ā-motu i te tau 2050, me te whakakore i ngā arai hokohoko whakawhiti-rohe ki te pūngao hou. Ko te whāinga whanaketanga pūngao hou i whakatakotoria e Mareia i te tau 2021 kia kapi i te 40% o te hanganga hiko. Ko te tikanga o tēnei whakahoutanga ka piki ake te kaha pūngao hou kua tāutahia o te whenua tekau ngā whakarea mai i te tau 2023 ki te 2050. I kī te Manatū Ōhanga o Mareia kia tutuki ai ngā whāinga whanaketanga hou, me haumi tata ki te 143 piriona tāra US, tae atu ki te hanganga whatunga, te whakaurunga pūnaha rokiroki pūngao, me ngā utu whakahaere pūnaha whatunga.
Mai i te tirohanga ā-ao, kei te piki haere te uara me te whakanui tonu a ngā whenua i ā rātou haumitanga ki te ao o te pūngao hou, ā, e kitea ana te tere tipu i roto i ngā ao e pā ana. I te haurua tuatahi o tēnei tau, i tāpirihia e Tiamana he rekoata 8 miriona kirowati o te kaha tāuta o te rā me te hau. Nā te hau whenua me te whakaputa hiko o te rā, ka tutuki i te pūngao hou te 52% o te hiahia hiko o Tiamana. E ai ki te mahere pūngao o mua a Tiamana, i te tau 2030, ka ahu mai te 80% o tana tuku pūngao i ngā puna pūngao hou pērā i te rā, te hau, te koiora, me te hiko wai.
E ai ki te pūrongo hou mai i te International Energy Agency, ko te pikinga ake o te tautoko kaupapa here, te pikinga ake o ngā utu wahie pūmua, me te aro nui ake ki ngā take haumarutanga pūngao kei te akiaki i te whakatinanatanga o te mana photovoltaic me te hau. E matapaetia ana ka tere ake te whanaketanga o te umanga pūngao whakahou o te ao i te tau 2023, me te kaha hou kua tāutahia e matapaetia ana ka piki ake tata ki te kotahi-tuatoru tau-ki-te-tau, me ngā whakaurunga mana photovoltaic me te hau e tino tipu ana. I te tau 2024, e matapaetia ana ka piki ake te kaha katoa kua tāutahia e te ao kua whakahoutia ki te 4.5 piriona kirowati, ā, kei te puta tēnei whānui hihiri i roto i ngā mākete nui o te ao, tae atu ki a Ūropi, te Hononga o Amerika, Īnia, me Haina. E matapaetia ana e te International Energy Agency ka rere te $380 piriona i roto i te haumitanga o te ao ki roto i te rāngai pūngao rā i tēnei tau, ka hipa ake i te haumitanga ki te rāngai hinu mō te wā tuatahi. E matapaetia ana i te tau 2024, ka neke atu i te rua te kaha hanga o te umanga photovoltaic. Haunga te hanganga o ngā teihana mana photovoltaic nui i roto i ngā rohe maha o te ao, kei te whakaatu hoki ngā pūnaha whakaputa mana photovoltaic iti i te ia o te tipu tere. I te ao o te pūngao hau, i te mea kei te haere tonu te whanaketanga o ngā kaupapa pūngao hau i whakaroahia i mua i te wā o te mate urutā, ka tino piki ake te mahi whakaputanga pūngao hau o te ao i tēnei tau, me te tipu ā-tau tata ki te 70%. I taua wā anō, kei te heke haere te utu o te pūngao whakahou pēnei i te pūngao rā me te hau, ā, kei te piki haere te mōhio o ngā whenua he pai te whakawhanake i te pūngao whakahou hei whakatika i te huringa āhuarangi, engari he otinga nui hoki hei whakatika i ngā take haumarutanga pūngao.
Heoi, me mōhio anō hoki kei te nui tonu te āputa i roto i te haumi pūngao tauwhiro i roto i ngā whenua whakawhanake. Mai i te whakamanatanga o te Whakaaetanga o Parī i te tau 2015, kua tata rua te pikinga o te haumi ā-ao ki te pūngao whakahou i te tau 2022, engari ko te nuinga kei roto i ngā whenua whakawhanake. I te 5 o Hūrae, i tukuna e te Huihuinga Hokohoko me te Whakawhanaketanga o te Kotahitanga o ngā Whenua o te Ao te Pūrongo Haumi o te Ao 2023, i tohu ai kua whakaatu te haumi pūngao whakahou o te ao i te tau 2022 i te mahi kaha, engari me whakapai tonu. Kua eke te āputa haumi mō ngā whāinga whanaketanga tauwhiro ki te neke atu i te $4 trillion ia tau. Mō ngā whenua whakawhanake, kei muri i te tipu o te tono te haumi ki te pūngao tauwhiro. E kiia ana e hiahia ana ngā whenua whakawhanake ki te $1.7 trillion i roto i te haumi pūngao whakahou i ia tau, engari ko te $544 piriona anake i tae mai i te tau 2022. I whakapuakina anō hoki e te Tari Pūngao o te Ao tētahi tirohanga ōrite i roto i tana Pūrongo Haumi Pūngao o te Ao 2023, e kī ana he kore taurite te haumi pūngao ma o te ao, ko te āputa haumi nui rawa atu i ahu mai i ngā mākete putaiao me ngā whenua whakawhanake. Ki te kore ēnei whenua e whakateretere i tā rātou whakawhiti ki te pūngao ma, ka tūtaki te whenua pūngao o te ao ki ngā āputa hou.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-29-2023
