Kua eke te tere whanaketanga toharite o ngā rauemi hiko wai iti i Haina ki te 60%, ā, ko ētahi rohe e tata ana ki te 90%. Te tūhura me pēhea te whai wāhi a te hiko wai iti ki te panoni matomato me te whakawhanaketanga o te hanganga pūnaha hiko hou i raro i te papamuri o te tihi waro me te kore waro.
He mea nui te mahi a te hiko wai iti ki te whakaoti rapanga o te whakapaunga hiko i ngā rohe tuawhenua o Haina, te tautoko i te whanaketanga ōhanga me te whanaketanga pāpori o te tuawhenua, me te aro atu ki te huringa āhuarangi. I tēnei wā, kua eke te tere whanaketanga toharite o ngā rauemi hiko wai iti i Haina ki te 60%, ā, ko ētahi rohe e tata ana ki te 90%. Kua neke te arotahi o te whanaketanga hiko wai iti mai i te whanaketanga ā-pūmau ki te keri me te whakahaere i ngā rawa. Nō nā tata nei, i uiuitia e te kairīpoata a Tākuta Xu Jincai, te Kaiwhakahaere o te Pokapū Hiko Wai Iti o te Manatū Rauemi Wai me te Kaiwhakahaere o te Komiti Motuhake Hiko Hiko o te Rōpū Tiaki Wai Hainamana, kia tūhuratia ai te whai wāhi a te hiko wai iti ki te huringa matomato me te whanaketanga o te hanganga o tētahi pūnaha hiko hou i raro i te papamuri o te tihi waro me te kore waro.
I te mutunga o te tau kua hipa, e 136 ngā whenua i whakaaro ki ngā whāinga kore-waro, e kapi ana i te 88% o ngā tukunga hauhā o te ao, 90% o te GDP, me te 85% o te taupori. Kāore e taea te aukati i te ia whānui o te huringa matomato me te iti-waro o te ao. Kua whakaaro hoki a Haina kia whakatinanahia he kaupapa here me he tikanga kaha, me te whai kia eke ki te taumata teitei o ngā tukunga hauhā i te tau 2030, ā, kia whai kia tutuki te kore-waro i te tau 2060.
Neke atu i te 70% o ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi o te ao e pā ana ki te pūngao, ā, e hiahiatia ana kia tino whakahaeretia e tātou ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi e te raruraru āhuarangi. Ko Haina te kaihanga me te kaihoko pūngao nui rawa atu o te ao, e tata ana ki te 1/5 me te 1/4 o te whakaputanga me te whakamahinga pūngao o te ao. He nui te waro i roto i ngā āhuatanga pūngao, he iti te hinu, ā, he iti te hau. Neke atu i te 70% me te 40% te whakawhirinakitanga o te hinu me te hau māori ki waho.
Heoi, e kitea ana e te katoa te tere o te whanaketanga o te pūngao whakahou i Haina i ngā tau tata nei. I te mutunga o te tau kua hipa, kua neke atu i te 1.2 piriona kirowati te kaha katoa o te pūngao whakahou, ā, ko te kaha katoa o te pūngao whakahou o te ao he tata ki te 3.3 piriona kirowati. Ka taea te kī neke atu i te kotahi hautoru o te kaha katoa o te pūngao whakahou i ahu mai i Haina. Kua waiho te umanga pūngao ma o Haina hei painga matua o te ao, me ngā wāhanga matua pēnei i te photovoltaic me te hau e 70% o te wahanga mākete o te ao.
Ko te tere o te whanaketanga o te pūngao hou ka nui ake ngā rauemi ture e hiahiatia ana, ā, ka nui ake hoki ngā painga ture o te hiko wai. Ko te hiko wai te hangarau pūngao hou tino pakari, ā, ka whai wāhi pai ki te whakakore i te waro o te ao. Hei whakautu, kei te whakamahere te kāwanatanga o Amerika ki te haumi $630 miriona ki te whakahou me te whakapai ake i ngā waeine hiko wai puta noa i te motu, ko te arotahi matua ki te tiaki me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te hiko wai.
Ahakoa he iti noa te ōwehenga o te hiko wai iti i roto i te umanga hiko wai o Haina, he mea tino nui tonu. Neke atu i te 10,000 ngā teihana hiko wai iti i Haina, ā, he 100,000 mita pūtoru, neke atu rānei, te kaha rokiroki, he rauemi rokiroki me te ture motuhake ēnei e taea ai te tautoko i te ōwehenga nui o te whakapaunga hiko hou ā-rohe mā te hononga whatunga.
Te whakawhanaketanga o te hiko wai iti me te noho tahi o te taiao rauropi
I runga i te āhua o te pikinga waro me te korenga waro, kua neke te ahunga whanaketanga o te hiko wai iti ki te urutau ki te hanganga o ngā pūnaha hiko hou me te whakatutuki i te noho tahi o te whanaketanga hiko wai iti me te taiao. E mārama ana te Mahere Mahi mō te Pikinga Waro i mua i te tau 2030 ki te whakateretere i te whanaketanga matomato o te hiko wai iti hei wāhanga nui o te mahi hurihanga matomato me te iti-waro o te pūngao.
I ngā tau tata nei, he nui ngā mahi a Haina i roto i te whakawhiti matomato me te whakawhanake i te hiko wai iti. Ko tētahi ko te whakawhiti whai hua me te whakawhānui i te kaha o te hiko wai iti. Kua whakangaohia e te kāwanatanga pokapū te 8.5 piriona yuan ki te Mahere Tau Rima 12, e whakaoti ana i te whakawhānui me te whakahou i te whai hua me te kaha o te 4300 teihana hiko wai taiwhenua. Kua whakangaohia e te kāwanatanga pokapū te 4.6 piriona yuan ki te Mahere Tau Rima 13, e whakaoti ana i te whakawhānui me te whakahou i te whai hua me te kaha o te neke atu i te 2100 teihana hiko wai iti i roto i te 22 kawanatanga, me te whakawhiti me te whakaora taiao o neke atu i te 1300 awa. I te tau 2017, i whakarite te International Small Hydropower Center i te whakatinanatanga o te "Global Environment Facility" China Small Hydropower Efficiency Enhancement, Expansion, and Transformation value-added project. I tēnei wā, kua oti ngā mahi whakamātautau mō te 19 kaupapa i roto i te 8 kawanatanga, ā, kei te whakarapopototia ngā wheako hei tiritiri ki te ao whānui.
Ko te tuarua ko te horoi me te whakatikatika i ngā pūnaha hiko wai iti e whakahaerehia ana e te Manatū Rauemi Wai hei whakaora i te hononga awa, hei whakaiti i te maroke, hei whakatika hoki i ngā wāhanga awa. Mai i te tau 2018 ki te tau 2020, i horoia, i whakatikatikaina hoki e te Yangtze River Economic Belt neke atu i te 25000 ngā teihana hiko wai iti, ā, neke atu i te 21000 ngā teihana hiko i whakatinana i te rere ā-taiao e ai ki ngā ture, ā, kua honoa ki ngā tūāpapa ture maha. I tēnei wā, kei te haere tonu te horoi me te whakatikatika i ngā teihana hiko wai iti neke atu i te 2800 i te Kōawa Awa Kōwhai.
Ko te tuatoru ko te waihanga i ngā teihana hiko wai iti matomato hei whakaatu i ngā hiko wai. Mai i te whakatūnga o ngā teihana hiko wai iti matomato i te tau 2017, tae noa ki te mutunga o te tau kua hipa, kua neke atu i te 900 ngā teihana hiko wai iti matomato kua hangaia e Haina. I ēnei rā, kua noho te panonitanga matomato me te whanaketanga o te hiko wai iti hei kaupapa here ā-motu. He maha ngā teihana hiko wai iti i roto i ngā kawanatanga me ngā tāone kua whakatikatika i ngā paerewa hiko wai iti matomato, kua whakapai ake i ngā whakaurunga tukunga me te aroturukitanga o te rere o te wai taiao, ā, kua whakatinana i te whakaora taiao o te awa. Mā te waihanga i tētahi puranga o ngā whakaaturanga hiko wai iti matomato noa, ko tā mātou whāinga he whakatere i te whanaketanga kounga teitei o te panonitanga matomato i roto i ngā awaawa, ngā rohe, tae noa ki te umanga hiko wai iti.
Ko te tuawhā ko te whakahou i ngā teihana hiko wai iti. I tēnei wā, he maha ngā teihana hiko wai iti kua whakarerekē i te momo whakahaere motuhake me te whakahaere ā-motu o te teihana kotahi, ā, kei te whakatū i tētahi momo whakahaere kotahi o ngā tautau teihana hiko i runga i te kaupapa rohe, rohe wai rānei.
I te nuinga o te wā, i ngā wā o mua, ko te whāinga matua o te hanganga hiko wai iti ko te whakarato hiko me te whakatutuki i te hiko ā-whenua. Ko te huringa o nāianei o te hiko wai iti e arotahi ana ki te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga, te haumaru, me ngā pānga taiao o te teihana hiko, me te whakatutuki i te huringa matomato kounga teitei. Ko te whanaketanga pumau o te hiko wai iti ā muri ake nei ka whai wāhi motuhake ki te whakahaere i te rokiroki hiko, ka āwhina ki te whakatutuki i te whāinga "waro takirua".
I te tirohanga whakamua, ka taea te huri i ngā teihana hiko wai iti o nāianei hei teihana hiko rokiroki papu hei whakatairanga i te whakamahinga o te pūngao hou, me te whakatutuki i te huringa matomato o te hiko wai iti. Hei tauira, i te marama o Mei i te tau kua hipa, whai muri i te whakahoutanga o te teihana hiko rokiroki papu o Chunchangba i Xiaojin County, Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province, i whakatūria he whakaurunga o te hiko wai, te photovoltaic, me te rokiroki papu.
Hei tāpiritanga, he kaha te whakakotahitanga o te hiko wai me te pūngao hou, ā, he whānuitia ngā rohe me ngā rahinga nui o ngā teihana hiko wai iti, ā, he nui te wāhanga kāore e whai wāhi pai ki te whakahaere i te tuku hiko. Ka taea e ngā teihana hiko wai iti te whai wāhi ki ngā tipu hiko mariko hei mahi tahi ki te arotau i te whakahaere mahi me ngā tauwhitinga mākete, me te whakarato ratonga āwhina pēnei i te heu tihi, te whakahaere auau, me te tārua mō te whatunga hiko.
Ko tētahi atu whai wāhitanga kāore e taea te wareware ko te whakakotahitanga o te hiko wai me ngā tiwhikete matomato, te hiko matomato, me te hokohoko waro ka kawea mai he uara hou ki te tākaro. Hei tauira, mā te tiwhikete matomato o te ao, i te tau 2022, i tīmatahia e mātou te whakawhanaketanga o ngā tiwhikete matomato o te ao mō te hiko wai iti. I whiriwhiria e mātou he 19 ngā teihana hiko i te Rohe Whakaaturanga Lishui o te Pokapū Hiko Wai Iti o te Ao hei whakaaturanga mō te whakawhanaketanga tiwhikete matomato o te ao, ā, i oti te rēhitatanga, te tukunga, me te hokohoko o te 140000 tiwhikete matomato o te ao mō te puranga tuatahi o ngā teihana hiko e 6. I tēnei wā, i roto i ngā tiwhikete matomato o te ao katoa pērā i te hiko hau, te hiko photovoltaic, me te hiko wai, ko te hiko wai te kaupapa me te nui o te tukunga, me te hiko wai iti e 23%. Ko ngā tiwhikete matomato, te hiko matomato, me te hokohoko waro e whakaata ana i te uara taiao o ngā kaupapa hiko hou, e āwhina ana ki te hanga i tētahi pūnaha mākete me te tikanga roa mō te whakaputa me te kai hiko matomato.
Hei whakamutunga, e hiahia ana ahau ki te whakanui ko te whanaketanga matomato o te hiko wai iti i Haina ka taea hoki te āwhina i te whakaoranga o te taiwhenua. I tēnei tau, kei te whakatinanahia e Haina te "Kaupapa Mana Hau mō ngā Mano o ngā Kāinga me ngā Tāone" me te "Kaupapa Whakaahua mō ngā Mano o ngā Whare" hei whakatairanga tonu i te whanaketanga whakamātautau o ngā hiko whakaahua tuanui tohatoha puta noa i te rohe, hei whakatairanga i te whakamahinga pūngao taiwhenua ma, me te whakahaere i te hanganga whakamātautau o te hurihanga pūngao taiwhenua. Ko te hiko wai iti he puna pūngao whakahou me ngā mahi rokiroki me te whakahaere pūngao ahurei, ā, he hua taiao hoki e ngāwari ana te whakatutuki i te huringa uara i ngā rohe maunga. Ka taea e ia te whakatairanga i te huringa pūngao taiwhenua ma me te iti-waro me te āwhina ki te whakatairanga i te oranga whānui.
Wā tuku: Akuhata-07-2023
