Ko ngā āhuatanga o ngā teihana hiko wai ko:
1. Pūngao ma: Kāore ngā teihana hiko wai e whakaputa parahanga, e whakaputa hau kati kōtuhi rānei, ā, he tino puna pūngao ma.
2. Pūngao whakahou: Ka whakawhirinaki ngā teihana hiko wai ki te rere o te wai, ā, e kore te wai e pau katoa, ka waiho hei puna pūngao whakahou.
3. Te pumau nui: Nā te nui o ngā rauemi wai me te pumau o te rere o te wai, ka pumau te putanga hiko o ngā teihana hiko wai, ā, he pai mō ngā hiahia hiko mō te wā roa.
E ai ki ngā tikanga hanga me ngā tikanga whakamahi pūngao wai, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā teihana hiko wai ki ngā kāwai e whai ake nei:
1. Teihana hiko wai momo puna wai: Mā te penapena wai i roto i te tāhuna, ka whakahaerehia te taumata wai o te awa, ā, ka whakamahia te maturuturunga o te wai hei taraiwa i te tāpine waipēhi hei whakaputa hiko.
2. Teihana hiko wai e papua ana: I ngā wāhi iti te teitei, ka whakawhāitihia ngā teihana hiko wai momo puna wai e te nui o te wai. Ka whakamahia e ngā teihana hiko wai e papua ana ngā papu hei papu i te wai mai i ngā wāhi iti ki ngā wāhi teitei, kātahi ka whakaputa hiko mā te kaupapa o te whakahaere o te puna wai.
3. Teihana hiko wai tai: Te whakamahi i ngā piki me ngā heke o te tai hei kohi i te rerekētanga teitei o ngā taumata wai e piki me te heke, hei whakaputa hiko i raro i te mahi a te hiko tai.
4. Teihana hiko rere piston: Mā te whakamahi i ngā wā waipuke, tai me ngā wā pikinga wai hei werohanga tere i te nui o te wai, hei whakaputa hiko tere mā te maturuturunga o te pane i roto i te wā poto hei whakatutuki i te hiahia hiko tihi rangitahi.
I te poto, he puna hiko ma nui ngā teihana hiko wai, ā, he āhuatanga pērā i te ma, te whakahou, me te pumau, ā, e whakarōpūtia ana i runga i ngā tikanga hanga me ngā tikanga whakamahi hiko wai.
He maha ngā momo tāhuna matua i roto i ngā teihana hiko wai:
1. Pānga ā-papa: He pakitara poutū i hangaia ki ngā rauemi pēnei i te raima, i te kōhatu rānei, e mau ana i te pēhanga wai mā te ā-papa. He pumau tonu ngā pānga ā-papa, engari me nui ake ngā rauemi hanga me te whenua e hiahiatia ana. Ko tōna āhuatanga he whānui te raro o te pānga, ā, he whaiti te tihi o te pānga, he mea pai mō ngā āhuatanga e tautokona ana ngā taha e rua o ngā awaawa e ngā turanga toka pai.
2. Tāwharau āwhata: He momo tāwharau he mea hanga ki ngā pakitara piko, e whakamarara ana i te pēhanga wai mā roto i te hanganga āwhata. I te hanganga o tētahi tāwharau āwhata, me hanga tuatahi he anga rakau āhua āwhata rangitahi, kātahi ka ringihia he raima ki runga hei hanga. He pai ngā tāwharau āwhata mō ngā wāhi whaiti me ngā wāhi awaawa teitei, he pai hoki mō ēnei āhuatanga pēnei i te iti o te noho whenua me te pai o te mahi rū whenua.
3. Pānga toka whenua: He momo pānga i hangaia mai i te kohikohinga o te oneone me ngā rauemi kōhatu, ā, kei roto i te pānga he tikanga ārai-mimi hei ārai i te turuturu wai. He iti noa te sima me ētahi atu rauemi e pau ana i ngā pānga toka whenua, engari he roa te wā hei whakaoti i te whakapakeketanga o te tinana o te pānga. He pai ngā pānga toka whenua mō ngā wāhi he papatahi te rere o te wai me te whenua maunga.
4. Pātaka hurihuri: He ārai iti tēnei hei ārahi i te rere o te wai, ā, he rerekē tōna āhua me tōna hanganga i tō te pātaka. Ko ngā pātaka hurihuri ka hangaia i waenganui o ngā awa hei huri i te wai ki ngā tipu hiko, ki ngā mahi whakamakuku rānei. He iti ake te nuinga o te pātaka hurihuri, ā, he māmā noa iho ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana.
I te nuinga o te wā, he āhuatanga me ngā painga me ngā ngoikoretanga o ngā momo tāhuna wai hiko. Ko te whiriwhiri i te momo tāhuna me ahu mai i ngā āhuatanga whenua o te rohe, ngā āhuatanga wai me te āhuarangi, me ētahi atu āhuatanga tūturu.
Ko te pūnaha pokapū o tētahi teihana hiko wai te tikanga kei roto i ēnei wāhanga e whai ake nei:
1. Puna wai: te kawenga mō te penapena i ngā puna wai me te whakarato i te wai e tika ana mō te whakaputa hiko.
2. Ngā wāhi tukunga waipuke: e whakamahia ana hei whakahaere i te taumata wai me te rere o te puna wai, hei whakarite i te haumaru o te whakahaerenga o te puna wai, me te ārai i te putanga mai o ngā āhuatanga kino pēnei i te waipuke.
3. Pūnaha hurihanga: Whakauruhia te wai mai i te puna wai ki roto i te wae whakaputa hiko hei whakaputa hiko. Kei roto i te pūnaha hurihanga wai ngā taputapu pēnei i te whakaurunga wai, te awa whakauru, te paipa pēhanga, me te takirere whakahaere.
4. Huinga whakaputa hiko: he taputapu e huri ai te pūngao wai e whakaurua mai ana hei pūngao hiko.
5. Pūnaha tuku: Ka tukuna te hiko e whakaputaina ana e te huinga whakaputa hiko ki te kaiwhakamahi.
6. Pūnaha whakahaere: He pūnaha e aroturuki ana, e whakahaere ana, e whakahaere ana hoki i te mahi a ngā teihana hiko wai, tae atu ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere aunoa, ngā taputapu aroturuki, me ngā pūnaha whakahaere rorohiko.
Ko ngā whakaaro mō te aromatawai rawa o ngā teihana hiko wai ko ēnei āhuatanga e whai ake nei:
1. Te tūnga whenua o ngā teihana hiko wai: Ko te tūnga whenua o ngā teihana hiko wai tētahi o ngā mea matua e pā ana ki tō rātou uara. Tērā pea he rerekētanga nui i roto i te taiao mākete me te tautoko kaupapa here e pā ana ki ngā teihana hiko wai i ngā wāhi whenua rerekē, me tino whai whakaaro ki ēnei.
2. Ngā tawhā hangarau o ngā teihana hiko wai: Ko te kaha tāuta, te upoko wai, te tere rere me ētahi atu tawhā hangarau o ngā teihana hiko wai ka pā tika ki te kaha whakaputa hiko me ngā painga ōhanga, ā, me mārama whānui me te aromatawai pūtaiao.
3. Āhuatanga hononga whatunga: He pānga nui tō te hononga whatunga o ngā teihana hiko wai ki ngā moni whiwhi me ngā utu whakahaere o te whakaputa hiko, ā, he mea tika kia whakaarohia katoatia ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te pumau o te whatunga, te roa o te raina tuku hiko, me te kaha o te whakawhiti hiko.
4. Te whakahaere i te mahi me te tiaki: Ko te tūnga o ngā taputapu, te tūnga tiaki, me ngā tuhinga haumaru mō te hanga o ngā teihana hiko wai he tohu nui hei aromatawai i ō rātou uara, ā, me tirotirohia me te aromatawai whānuitia.
5. Āhuatanga kaupapa here me ngā ture: Ka rerekē anō hoki te pānga o te taiao kaupapa here me ngā ture kei reira ngā teihana hiko wai ki ō rātou uara, inā koa mō te tautoko kaupapa here pēnei i ngā kaupapa here tautoko, ngā whakatenatena taake, me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga taiao.
6. Āhua pūtea: Ko te āhua pūtea o tētahi teihana hiko wai tētahi o ngā mea nui e pā ana ki tōna uara, tae atu ki te haumitanga, te pūtea, ngā utu whakahaere, te moni whiwhi mai i te whakaputa hiko, me ētahi atu āhuatanga.
7. Āhuatanga whakataetae: Ka rerekē anō hoki te pānga o te āhuatanga whakataetae mākete kei reira ngā teihana hiko wai ki ā rātou moni whiwhi me te tūranga mākete. He mea tika kia mārama whānuitia te taiao whakataetae mākete me te āhua o ngā kaiwhakataetae nui.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, me whai whakaaro te aromatawai rawa o ngā teihana hiko wai ki ngā āhuatanga maha, me tātari whānui, me te whakatau hoki i tō rātou uara tuturu.
Wā tuku: Mei-06-2023
