Ko te umanga hiko wai, hei pou matua mō te ōhanga ā-motu, he hononga tata ki te whanaketanga o te ōhanga ā-motu me ngā huringa o te hanganga ahumahi. I tēnei wā, kei te pumau te mahi whānui o te umanga hiko wai o Haina, me te pikinga ake o te kaha tāuta hiko wai, te pikinga ake o te kaha whakaputa hiko wai, te pikinga ake o te haumi hiko wai, me te puhoi haere o te tere tipu o te rēhitatanga umanga e pā ana ki te hiko wai. I te whakatinanatanga o te kaupapa here ā-motu "tiaki pūngao me te whakaiti tukunga", kua noho te whakakapinga pūngao me te whakaiti tukunga hei whiringa whai hua mō Haina, ā, kua noho te hiko wai hei whiringa pai mō te pūngao hou.
Ko te whakaputa hiko wai he hangarau pūtaiao e ako ana i ngā take hangarau me ngā take ōhanga o te hanganga miihini me te mahi whakaputa e huri ana i te pūngao wai hei hiko. Ko te pūngao wai e whakamahia ana i roto i te whakaputa hiko wai ko te pūngao pūmanawa e rongoa ana i roto i ngā wai. Hei whakatutuki i te hurihanga o te hiko wai hei hiko, me hanga ngā momo teihana hiko wai rerekē.
Ko te whakatinanatanga o te hiko wai ko te hanganga o ngā teihana hiko wai, kātahi ka whakahaere i te hiko wai. Ka hono te umanga hiko wai waenga i te hiko ki te umanga whatunga hiko o raro hei whakatutuki i te hononga whatunga. Ko te mahi hanga o te teihana hiko wai ko te tohutohu hangarau tuatahi me te whakamahere, te hoko taputapu mō te teihana hiko wai, me te hanganga whakamutunga. He kotahi te hanganga o ngā umanga waenga me raro, me te hanganga pumau.
I te whakatairanga i te tipu ōhanga o Haina, te whakahoutanga o te taha tuku me te hanganga ōhanga, kua noho te tiaki pūngao, te whakaiti i ngā tukunga me te tipu matomato hei kaupapa matua mō te whanaketanga ōhanga. Kua aro nui ngā kāwanatanga o ngā taumata katoa ki te umanga hiko wai, ā, kua tautokona hoki e ngā kaupapa here ahumahi ā-motu. Kua whakaurua e te whenua ngā kaupapa here maha hei tautoko i te whanaketanga o te umanga hiko wai. Ko ngā kaupapa here ahumahi pēnei i te Mahere Whakatinanatanga mō te Whakatau i te Raru o te Whakarērea o te Wai, te Hau, me te Mārama, te Pānui mō te Whakatū me te Whakapai ake i te Tikanga Taurangi Whakamahinga Hiko Pūngao Whakahou, me te Mahere Whakatinanatanga mō te Mahi Pānui a te Manatū Rauemi Wai mō ngā Take Kāwanatanga 2021 kua whakarato i ngā tirohanga whānui mō te whanaketanga o te umanga hiko wai me te taiao whakaputa me te whakahaere pai mō ngā umanga.
He tātaritanga hohonu o te umanga hiko wai
E ai ki ngā rangahau a ngā umanga, i ngā tau tata nei, kua piki haere te kaha tāuta o te hiko wai i Haina i ia tau, mai i te 333 miriona kirowati i te tau 2016 ki te 370 miriona kirowati i te tau 2020, me te tere tipu ā-tau o te 2.7%. E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga hou i te tau 2021, kua eke te kaha tāuta katoa o te hiko wai i Haina ki te 391 miriona kirowati (tae atu ki te 36 miriona kirowati o te rokiroki papu), he pikinga 5.6% ia tau.
I ngā tau tata nei, kua tere te tipu o te rahinga rēhitatanga o ngā umanga e pā ana ki te hiko wai i Haina, mai i te tau 198000 i te tau 2016 ki te 539000 i te tau 2019, me te tere tipu ā-tau toharite o te 39.6%. I te tau 2020, i puhoi haere te tere tipu o te rēhitatanga o ngā umanga e pā ana ki te hiko wai, ā, i heke iho. E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga hou i te tau 2021, e 483000 te katoa o ngā umanga e pā ana ki te hiko wai kua rēhitatia i Haina, he hekenga tau-ki-te-tau o te 7.3%.
Mai i te tohatoha o te kaha tāuta, tae noa ki te mutunga o te tau 2021, ko te kawanatanga me te tauine nui rawa atu o te whakaputa hiko wai i Haina ko te Porowini o Sichuan, me te kaha tāuta o te 88.87 miriona kirowati, ā, i muri mai ko Yunnan me te kaha tāuta o te 78.2 miriona kirowati; Ko ngā kawanatanga i te tuarua ki te tekau ko Hubei, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Fujian, Zhejiang, me Qinghai, me te kaha tāuta mai i te 10 ki te 40 miriona kirowati.
Mai i te tirohanga o te whakaputa hiko, i te tau 2021, ko Sichuan te rohe i whakaputa hiko wai teitei rawa atu i Haina, me te whakaputa hiko wai o te 353.14 piriona kilowatt haora, ko te 26.37%; Tuarua, ko te whakaputa hiko wai i te rohe o Yunnan ko te 271.63 piriona kilowatt haora, ko te 20.29%; Anō, ko te whakaputa hiko wai i te rohe o Hubei ko te 153.15 piriona kilowatt haora, ko te 11.44%.
Mai i te tirohanga o te kaha tāuta o te umanga hiko wai o Haina, ko Changjiang Power te hinonga nui rawa atu e pā ana ki te kaha tāuta takitahi o te hiko wai. I te tau 2021, neke atu i te 11% o te whenua te kaha tāuta o te hiko wai a Changjiang Power, ā, ko te kaha tāuta katoa o te hiko wai i raro i ngā rōpū whakaputa hiko matua e rima i tata ki te kotahi hautoru o te whenua; Mai i te tirohanga o te whakaputa hiko wai, i te tau 2021, neke atu i te 15% te ōwehenga o te whakaputa hiko hiko o te awa o Yangtze, ā, tata ki te 20% o te katoa o te motu te ōwehenga o te whakaputa hiko wai i raro i ngā rōpū whakaputa hiko matua e rima. Mai i te tirohanga o te ōwehenga kukū mākete, ko te katoa o ngā rōpū kaha tāuta hiko wai e rima o Haina me te Yangtze River Power e tata ana ki te haurua o te wāhanga mākete; neke atu i te 30% o te whenua te kaha tāuta hiko wai, ā, he nui te ōwehenga kukū o te umanga.
E ai ki te "2022-2027 China Hydroelectric Power Industry Deep Analysis and Development Prospects Prediction Report" nā te China Research Institute of Industry
Ko te nuinga o te umanga hiko wai o Haina e whakahaerehia ana e ngā mana motuhake a te kāwanatanga. Haunga ngā rōpū whakaputa hiko nui e rima, he maha atu anō ngā umanga whakaputa hiko pai rawa atu i roto i te pakihi hiko wai o Haina. Ko ngā umanga i waho o ngā rōpū nui e rima, e tohuhia ana e Yangtze Power, ko rātou te mea nui rawa atu i runga i te kaha tāuta hiko wai takitahi. E ai ki te wāhi o te kaha tāuta hiko wai, ka taea te wehewehe i te taumata whakataetae o te umanga hiko wai o Haina kia rua ngā taumata, ko ngā rōpū nui e rima me Yangtze Power te tuatahi.
Ngā Tirohanga mō te Whakawhanaketanga o te Ahumahi Hiko Wai
I te taha o te mahana o te ao me te hekenga o ngā wahie pūngoi, kei te aro nui haere te ao whānui ki te whakawhanake me te whakamahi i te pūngao hou, ā, kua noho te whanaketanga kaha o te pūngao hou hei whakaaro whānui i waenga i ngā whenua o te ao. He puna pūngao ma, he pūngao hou hoki te whakaputa hiko wai, he hangarau pakari hoki ka taea te whakawhanake i runga i te tauine nui. Ko ngā rahui rauemi hiko wai o Haina te tuatahi o te ao. Ko te whakawhanake kaha i te hiko wai ehara i te mea he huarahi nui hei whakaiti i ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi anake, engari he mahi nui hoki hei aro atu ki te huringa āhuarangi, hei whakatairanga i te tiaki pūngao me te whakaiti i ngā tukunga, me te whakatutuki i te whanaketanga pumau.
Whai muri i ngā whakatipuranga maha o te pakanga tonu a ngā kaimahi hiko wai, te whakahou me te auaha, me te mahi maia, kua eke te umanga hiko wai o Haina ki tētahi peke nui mai i te iti ki te nui, mai i te ngoikore ki te kaha, mai i te whai me te ārahi. Nā te tere o te whanaketanga o te hangarau, he maha ngā wāhanga hiko wai me ngā kaimahi i Haina e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā hangarau hou pēnei i te matauranga horihori me te raraunga nui hei whakarite i te kounga o te hanganga me te haumaru o ngā tāhuna.
I te wā o te Mahere Tau Rima 14, i tautuhia e Haina te rohe wā mō te whakatutuki i ngā whāinga o te pikinga waro me te kore waro, ā, nā tēnei i rongo ai ngā momo pūngao maha i ngā whai wāhitanga me ngā pēhanga e puta mai ana i te wā kotahi. Hei tohu mō te pūngao whakahou, te hiko wai, i roto i te horopaki o te āhuarangi o te ao me te paunga o te pūngao, ko te tono whanaketanga pumau mō te whakapai ake i te hanganga pūngao ka haere tonu ki te akiaki i te whanaketanga o te hiko wai.
I ngā rā kei te heke mai, me arotahi a Haina ki ngā hangarau matua pēnei i te hanga atamai, te whakahaere atamai, me ngā taputapu atamai o te hiko wai, me te whakatairanga kaha i te whakapai ake i te umanga hiko wai, te whakapakari, te arotau, me te whakawhānui i te pūngao ma, te whakanui ake i te whanaketanga o te hiko wai me te pūngao hou, me te whakapai tonu i te taumata o te hanga atamai me te whakahaere whakahaere o ngā teihana hiko wai.
Wā tuku: Paenga-whāwhā-10-2023
