E rere ana ngā awa mō ngā mano māero te tawhiti, ā, he nui te pūngao kei roto. Ko te whanaketanga me te whakamahinga o te pūngao wai tūturu hei hiko ka kiia ko te mana wai. Ko ngā huānga matua e rua e hanga ana i te pūngao waipēhi ko te rere me te pūngao. Ko te awa tonu te mea e whakatau ana i te rere, ā, ka tino iti te tere whakamahinga pūngao nekeneke o te whakamahi tika i te wai o te awa, nā te mea kāore e taea te whakakī i te wāhanga katoa o te awa ki ngā tāpine wai.
Ko te whakamahinga waipēhi te nuinga o te whakamahi i te pūngao pūmanawa, ā, me heke te whakamahinga o te pūngao pūmanawa. Heoi, ko te hekenga tūturu o ngā awa ka puta haere i te taha o te awa, ā, i roto i te tawhiti poto, he iti noa te hekenga tūturu o te rere o te wai. Me mahi ngā mahi hangarau tika hei whakanui ake i te hekenga, arā, ko te whakaemi i te hekenga tūturu marara hei hanga i tētahi pane wai ka taea te whakamahi.
Ngā painga o te hiko wai
1. Te whakaora i te pūngao wai
I ahu mai te pūngao wai i te rerenga wai taiao, e ahu mai ana i te hau maori me te rere o te wai. Mā te rere o te wai ka taea te hangarua me te whakamahi anō i te pūngao wai, nō reira ka kiia te pūngao wai ko te "pūngao whakahou". He tūranga motuhake tō te "pūngao whakahou" i roto i te hanganga pūngao.
2. Ka taea te whakamahi whānui i ngā rauemi wai
Ka whakamahia e te hiko wai te pūngao o te wai anake, ā, kāore e pau te wai. Nō reira, ka taea te whakamahi whānui i ngā rauemi wai, ā, hei tāpiri atu ki te whakaputa hiko, ka taea hoki e rātou te whai hua i te wā kotahi mai i te whakahaere waipuke, te whakamakuku wai, te tuku kaipuke, te tuku wai, te whakatipu ika, te tūruhi, me ētahi atu āhuatanga, me te whakahaere i te whanaketanga maha-whāinga.
3. Te whakahaere i te pūngao wai
Kāore e taea te penapena i te pūngao hiko, ā, ka oti te whakaputa me te kai i te wā kotahi. Ka taea te penapena i te pūngao wai i roto i ngā puna wai, ka whakaputaina i runga i ngā whakaritenga o te pūnaha hiko. Ka mahi ngā puna wai hei whare putunga pūngao mō te pūnaha hiko. Mā te whakahaere i ngā puna wai ka whakapai ake i te kaha o te pūnaha hiko ki te whakahaere i ngā kawenga, ka whakapiki ake i te pono me te ngāwari o te tuku hiko.
4. Te whakahurihuri i te whakaputanga hiko wai
Ka taea e te tāpine wai e ārahi ana i te wai mai i te wāhi teitei ki te wāhi iti te whakaputa hiko, ā, ka huri i te kaha wai hei kaha hiko; Nā reira, ka mimitihia ngā wai kei ngā taumata o raro e ngā papu hiko, ka tukuna ki ngā puna wai i ngā taumata teitei hei rokiroki, ka huri i te kaha hiko hei kaha wai. Mā te whakamahi i te kaha hurihuri o te whakaputa hiko wai hei hanga teihana hiko rokiroki papu, he mahi motuhake tāna ki te whakapai ake i te kaha whakahaere kawenga o te pūnaha hiko.
5. Ngāwari o te whakahaere o te waeine
He māmā noa iho ngā taputapu o ngā waeine whakaputa hiko wai, he ngāwari, he pono hoki te whakahaere, ā, he tino watea ki te whakanui, ki te whakaiti rānei i ngā kawenga. Ka taea te tīmata tere, te whakamutu rānei i runga i ngā hiahia o ngā kaiwhakamahi, ā, he ngāwari hoki te mahi aunoa. He tino pai ēnei mō te mahi i ngā mahi whakaheke tere me te whakarerekē auau o te pūnaha hiko, me te mahi hoki hei tūnga ohorere, hei whakatikatika kawenga, me ētahi atu mahi. Ka taea e rātou te whakanui ake i te pono o te pūnaha hiko, me ngā painga hihiri tino pai. Ko ngā teihana hiko wai ngā kaikawe matua o ngā kawenga hihiri i roto i te pūnaha hiko.
6. He iti te utu me te tino whai hua o te whakaputa hiko wai
Kāore te hiko wai e kai wahie, ā, kāore e hiahiatia he nui o ngā tāngata me ngā whare e whakangaohia ana ki te whakamahi me te kawe i te wahie. He māmā noa ngā taputapu, he iti ake ngā kaiwhakahaere, he iti ake te hiko āwhina, he roa te ora o ngā taputapu, ā, he iti ngā utu whakahaere me te tiaki. Nō reira, he iti te utu whakaputa hiko o ngā teihana hiko wai, 1/5 ki te 1/8 noa iho o te utu o te teihana hiko wahie pūmua. Hei tāpiri, he teitei te tere whakamahinga pūngao o ngā teihana hiko wai, neke atu i te 85%, ko te utu o te teihana hiko wahie pūmua he tata ki te 40% noa iho.
7. He pai ki te whakapai ake i te taiao taiao
Kāore te whakaputa hiko wai e whakapoke i te taiao. Ko te whānui o te mata wai o te puna wai e whakahaere ana i te āhuarangi o te rohe me te tohatoha o te rere o te wai i te wā me te wāhi, he mea pai hei whakapai ake i te taiao taiao o ngā rohe e karapoti ana. Mō ngā tipu hiko waro, me tuku e ia tana waro mata te 30kg o te SO2, ā, neke atu i te 30kg o te puehu matūriki ka tukuna. E ai ki ngā tatauranga o te 50 tipu hiko waro nui me te rahi waenga puta noa i te motu, 90% o ngā tipu hiko e tuku ana i te SO2 me te kukū neke atu i te 860mg/m3, he parahanga tino kino. I tēnei ao o nāianei e aro nui ana ki ngā take taiao, he mea nui te whakateretere i te hanganga hiko wai me te whakanui ake i te ōwehenga o te hiko wai i Haina hei whakaiti i te parahanga taiao.
Ngā huakore o te hiko wai
Te haumitanga nui kotahi – he nui ngā mahi oneone me ngā mahi raima mō te hanganga o ngā teihana hiko wai; Heoi anō, ka nui ngā mate waipuke ka pā mai, ā, me utu nui ngā utu whakanohonoho; He roa ake hoki te wā hanga i te hanganga o ngā tipu hiko waiariki, ka pā ki te huringa o ngā moni hanga. Ahakoa ka tohaina ētahi o ngā haumitanga ki ngā kaupapa tiaki wai e ngā tari whai pānga, he nui ake te haumitanga mō ia kirowati o te hiko waiariki i tērā o te hiko waiariki. Heoi anō, i ngā mahi ā muri ake nei, ka whakakorengia ngā penapena i roto i ngā whakapaunga whakahaere ā-tau i ia tau. Ko te wā utu nui rawa atu e whakaaetia ana e pā ana ki te taumata whanaketanga o te whenua me te kaupapa here pūngao. Mena he iti iho te wā utu i te uara e whakaaetia ana, e whakaarohia ana he tika te whakanui ake i te kaha tāuta o te teihana hiko waiariki.
Mōrearea o te hinganga – Nā te waipuke, ka āraia e ngā tāhuna te nui o te wai, ngā āhuatanga taiao, ngā kino i mahia e te tangata, me te kounga o te hanganga, ka pā kino pea ki ngā rohe o raro me ngā hanganga. Tērā pea ka pāngia te pūnaha hiko, ngā kararehe me ngā tipu e ēnei hinganga, ā, ka nui hoki ngā mate me ngā whara.
Te kino o te pūnaha rauropi – Ka nui te waipuke ka puta mai i ngā puna wai nui i runga ake i ngā tāhuna, ā, ka whakangaromia ngā whenua papaku, ngā ngahere awaawa, me ngā whenua tarutaru i ētahi wā. I taua wā anō, ka pāngia hoki te pūnaha rauropi wai e karapoti ana i te tipu. He pānga nui ki ngā ika, ki ngā manu wai, me ētahi atu kararehe.
Wā tuku: Paenga-whāwhā-03-2023
