Ko te hītori o te hiko wai i Haina

I puta mai te teihana hiko wai tuatahi o te ao i Parani i te tau 1878, te wāhi i hangaia ai te teihana hiko wai tuatahi o te ao.
I whai wāhi atu hoki te kaihanga a Edison ki te whanaketanga o ngā teihana hiko wai. I te tau 1882, i hangaia e Edison te Teihana Hiko Wai o Abel i Wisconsin, USA.
I te tīmatanga, he iti rawa te kaha o ngā teihana hiko wai i whakatūria. I te tau 1889, ko Hapani te teihana hiko wai nui rawa atu o te ao, engari ko tōna kaha tāuta he 48 kW anake. Heoi, kua tino whanake te kaha tāuta o ngā teihana hiko wai. I te tau 1892, ko te kaha tāuta o te Teihana Hiko Wai o Niagara i te Hononga o Amerika he 44000 kW. I te tau 1895, kua eke te kaha tāuta o te Teihana Hiko Wai o Niagara ki te 147000 kW.

Whai muri i te urunga ki te rautau 20, kua tere te whanaketanga o te hiko wai i ngā whenua nui kua whanake. Hei te tau 2021, ka eke te kaha tāuta o te hiko wai o te ao ki te 1360GW.
Ko te hītori o te whakamahinga o te mana wai i Haina ka taea te whai i ngā tau neke atu i te 2000 ki muri, te whakamahi i te wai hei taraiwa i ngā wira wai, i ngā mira wai, me ngā mira wai mō te whakaputa me te oranga.
I hangaia te teihana hiko wai tuatahi i Haina i te tau 1904. Ko te Teihana Hiko Wai o Guishan tēnei i hangaia e ngā tāngata whakaeke Hapanihi i Taiwan, Haina.
Ko te teihana hiko wai tuatahi i hangaia ki te whenua nui o Haina ko te Teihana Hiko Wai o Shilongba i Kunming, i tīmata i te marama o Ākuhata 1910, ā, i te marama o Mei 1912 ka whakaputa hiko, me te kaha katoa o te 489kW.
I roto i ngā tau rua tekau i muri mai, nā te kore pumau o te āhua o roto, kāore i tino ahu whakamua te whanaketanga hiko wai o Haina, ā, he torutoru noa iho ngā teihana hiko wai iti i hangaia, tae atu ki te Teihana Hiko Wai o Dongwo i te Rohe o Luxian, i Sichuan, te Teihana Hiko Wai o Duodi i Tibet, me ngā Teihana Hiko Wai o Xiadao, Shunchang, me Longxi i Fujian.
I tae mai te wā o te Pakanga Whakahē i a Hapani, i te wā i whakamahia ai ngā rauemi ā-rohe hei ārai i te whakaekenga, ā, ko ngā teihana hiko iti anake i hangaia i te rohe tonga-uru, pērā i te Teihana Hiko Wai o Taohuaxi i Sichuan me te Teihana Hiko Wai o Nanqiao i Yunnan; I te rohe i nohoia e ngā Hapani, kua hangaia e Hapani ētahi teihana hiko wai nui, ko te nuinga ko te Teihana Hiko Wai o Fengman i te Awa o Songhua i te raki-mā-rāwhiti o Haina.
I mua i te whakatūnga o te Repupiripia o Haina, i eke te kaha tāuta o te hiko wai i te whenua nui o Haina ki te 900,000 kW. Heoi, nā te parekura i puta mai i te pakanga, i te wā i whakatūria ai te Repupiripia o Haina, ko te kaha tāuta o te hiko wai i te whenua nui o Haina he 363,300 kW anake.
Whai muri i te whakatūnga o Haina Hou, kua aro nuitia, kua whanakehia hoki te hiko wai. Tuatahi, he maha ngā kaupapa hiko wai i mahue mai i ngā tau pakanga kua whakatikatikaina, kua hangaia anō hoki; i te mutunga o te mahere tau rima tuatahi, kua hangaia, kua hangaia anō hoki e Haina e 19 ngā teihana hiko wai, ā, kua tīmata te hoahoa me te hanga i ngā kaupapa hiko wai nui māna ake. I hangaia te Teihana Hiko Wai o Zhejiang Xin'anjiang me te kaha tāuta o te 662500 kilowatts i tēnei wā, ā, koinei anō te teihana hiko wai nui tuatahi i hoahoatia, i hangaia, i hangaia hoki e Haina tonu.
I te wā o te "Pekenga Nui ki Mua", i eke ngā kaupapa hiko wai hou o Haina ki te 11.862 miriona kW. Kāore i whakaaturia katoatia ētahi kaupapa, ā, i mutu te hanga o ētahi kaupapa i muri i te tīmatanga. I roto i ngā tau e toru i muri mai o ngā āhuatanga taiao, he maha ngā kaupapa i whakamutua, i whakaroahia rānei. I roto i ngā kupu poto, mai i te tau 1958 ki te tau 1965, he tino pōrearea te whanaketanga o te hiko wai i Haina. Heoi, e 31 ngā teihana hiko wai, tae atu ki a Xin'anjiang i Zhejiang, Xinfengjiang i Guangdong, me Xijin i Guangxi, i whakatinanahia hoki mō te whakaputa hiko. I te nuinga, kua eke te umanga hiko wai o Haina ki tētahi taumata whanaketanga.
Kua tae te wā mō te wā "Huringa Ahurea". Ahakoa kua pāngia anō te hanganga hiko wai e te pokanoa nui me te whakangaromanga, ko te whakataunga rautaki mō te hanganga o te raina tuatoru kua whakarato hoki i tētahi whai wāhitanga onge mō te whanaketanga hiko wai i te taha hauauru o Haina. I roto i tēnei wā, e 40 ngā teihana hiko wai, tae atu ki a Liujiaxia i te Porowini o Gansu me Gongzui i te Porowini o Sichuan, i whakatinanahia mō te whakaputa hiko. Ko te kaha tāuta o te Teihana Hiko Wai o Liujiaxia i eke ki te 1.225 miriona kW, koia te teihana hiko wai tuatahi i Haina me te kaha tāuta neke atu i te kotahi miriona kW. I roto i tēnei wā, i hangaia hoki te teihana hiko putunga tuatahi o Haina, a Gangnan, Hebei. I taua wā anō, e 53 ngā kaupapa hiko wai nui me te rahi-waenga i tīmatahia, i tīmatahia rānei i tēnei wā. I te tau 1970, i tīmata te Kaupapa Gezhouba me te kaha tāuta o te 2.715 miriona kW, e tohu ana i te tīmatanga o te hanganga o ngā teihana hiko wai i te awa matua o te awa o Yangtze.
I muri i te mutunga o te "Huringa Ahurea", inā koa i muri i te Huihuinga Tuatoru o te Komiti Matua 11, kua hoki anō te umanga hiko wai o Haina ki tētahi wāhanga o te whanaketanga tere. He maha ngā kaupapa hiko wai pērā i a Gezhouba, Wujiangdu, me Baishan kua tere haere, ā, kua tīmata mana te hanganga o te Teihana Hiko Wai o Longyangxia me te kaha o te waeine o te 320000 kW. I muri mai, i te hau o te puna o te whakahoutanga me te whakatuwheratanga, kua huri tonu te pūnaha hanga hiko wai o Haina me te auaha, e whakaatu ana i te kaha nui. I roto i tēnei wā, i tutuki hoki i ngā teihana hiko rokiroki papu te whanaketanga nui, me te tīmatanga o te wāhanga tuatahi o te papu me te rokiroki i Panjiakou, Hebei, me Guangzhou; Kei te whanake hoki te hiko wai iti, me te whakatinanatanga o te puranga tuatahi o ngā rohe hiko wai taiwhenua 300; Mō te hiko wai nui, kua tīmata te hanganga o ētahi teihana hiko wai nui, pērā i a Tianshengqiao Class II me te kaha tāuta o te 1.32 miriona kW, Guangxi Yantan me te kaha tāuta o te 1.21 miriona kW, Yunnan Manwan me te kaha tāuta o te 1.5 miriona kW, me te Teihana Hiko Wai o Lijiaxia me te kaha tāuta o te 2 miriona kW. I taua wā anō, i whakaritea ngā tohunga ā-rohe hei whakaatu i ngā kaupapa 14 o te Teihana Hiko Wai o ngā Āwhā e Toru, ā, i whakaurua te hanganga o te Kaupapa Āwhā e Toru ki te kaupapa.
I te tekau tau whakamutunga o te rautau 20, kua tere te whanaketanga o te hanganga hiko wai o Haina. I te marama o Hepetema 1991, ka tīmata te hanganga o te Teihana Hiko Wai o Ertan i Panzhihua, Sichuan. Whai muri i te maha o ngā tautohetohe me ngā whakaritenga, i te marama o Tīhema 1994, ka tīmata mana te Kaupapa Teihana Hiko Wai rongonui o Three Gorges. Mō ngā teihana hiko rokiroki papu, kua tīmatahia hoki ngā Ming Tombs o Beijing (800000kW), Tianhuangping o Zhejiang (1800000kW), me te wāhanga rokiroki papu II o Guangzhou (12000000kW); Mō ngā hiko wai iti, kua whakatinanahia te hanganga o te tuarua me te tuatoru o ngā wāhanga hiko wai o ngā rohe hiko taiwhenua. I te tekau tau kua pahure ake nei, kua piki ake te kaha tāuta o te hiko wai i Haina mā te 38.39 miriona kW.
I te tekau tau tuatahi o te rautau 21, e 35 ngā teihana hiko wai nui kei te hangaia, ā, ko te katoa o te kaha kua tāutahia e 70 miriona kW, tae atu ki ngā teihana hiko wai tino nui pērā i te 22.4 miriona kW o te Kaupapa o Three Gorges me te 12.6 miriona kW o Xiluodu. I roto i tēnei wā, neke atu i te 10 miriona kW te toharite kua whakatinanahia i ia tau. Ko te tau tino hītori ko te tau 2008, i te wā i honoa mana ai te waeine whakamutunga o te teihana hiko taha matau o te Kaupapa o Three Gorges ki te whatunga mō te whakaputa hiko, ā, i whakatinanahia ngā waeine 26 katoa o ngā teihana hiko taha maui me te taha matau o te Kaupapa o Three Gorges i hangaia tuatahitia.
Mai i te tekau tau tuarua o te rautau 21, kua whakawhanakehia ngā teihana hiko wai nunui i te awa matua o te awa o Jinsha, ā, kua whakamahia tonutia mō te whakaputa hiko. Ko te Teihana Hiko Wai o Xiluodu me te kaha tāuta o te 12.6 miriona kW, ko Xiangjiaba me te kaha tāuta o te 6.4 miriona kW, ko te Teihana Hiko Wai o Baihetan me te kaha tāuta o te 12 miriona yuan, ko te Teihana Hiko Wai o Wudongde me te kaha tāuta o te 10.2 miriona yuan, me ētahi atu teihana hiko wai nunui kua whakamahia mō te whakaputa hiko. I roto i ēnei, kua eke te kaha tāuta kotahi o te Teihana Hiko Wai o Baihetan ki te 1 miriona kW, ā, kua eke ki te taumata teitei rawa atu o te ao. Mō ngā teihana hiko rokiroki papu, tae noa ki te tau 2022, e 70 noa iho ngā teihana hiko rokiroki papu kei te hangaia i te rohe whakahaere o te State Grid o Haina, me te kaha tāuta o te 85.24 miriona kilowatts, arā, 3.2 me te 4.1 ngā wā i te tau 2012. I roto i ēnei, ko te Teihana Hiko Pupuri Pamu o Hebei Fengning te teihana hiko rokiroki papu nui rawa atu o te ao, me te kaha katoa o te 3.6 miriona kirowati.
I te whakatairanga tonu i te whāinga "waro rua" me te whakapakari tonu i te tiaki taiao, kei te anga atu hoki te whanaketanga hiko wai o Haina ki ētahi āhuatanga hou. Tuatahi, ka haere tonu te wehe me te kati o ngā teihana hiko wai iti kei roto i ngā rohe tiaki, ā, tuarua, ka piki tonu te ōwehenga o te pūngao rā me te hau i roto i te kaha hou kua tāutahia, ā, ka heke te ōwehenga o te hiko wai; Hei whakamutunga, ka arotahi mātou ki te hanga kaupapa hiko wai nunui, ā, ka piki tonu te pūtaiao me te whai whakaaro o ngā kaupapa hanga.