Ko te Penstock e pā ana ki te paipa e whakawhiti ana i te wai ki te tāpine waipēhi mai i te hanganga whakataurite o te puna wai, o te teihana hiko wai rānei (te forebay, te ruuma ngaru rānei). He wāhanga nui o te teihana hiko waipēhi, e tohuhia ana e te pari pari, te pēhanga wai nui o roto, e tata ana ki te whare hiko, ā, e mau ana i te pēhanga wai o te hama wai. Nō reira, e kiia ana hoki he paipa pēhanga teitei, he paipa wai pēhanga teitei rānei.
Ko te mahi a te paipa wai pēhanga he kawe i te pūngao wai. Ka taea te kī he rite te pene ki te "ara" o te teihana hiko wai.
1. Te āhua hanganga o te pene rakau
He rerekē ngā āhua hanganga o ngā pene rakau, o ngā hanganga rerekē, o ngā rauemi rerekē, o te whakatakotoranga o ngā paipa me ngā mea e karapoti ana.
（1） Te rakau tāwharau
1. Paipa tanumia ki roto i te tāhuna
Ko ngā paipa kua tanumia ki roto i te raima o te tinana o te tāhuna ka kiia he paipa kua whakauruhia ki roto i te tāhuna. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā paipa rino. Kei roto i ngā āhua whakatakotoranga he pou piko, he pou whakapae, he poutū hoki.
2. Penstock i muri i te tāhuna
He nui te whakararuraru o te whakaurunga o ngā paipa tanumia ki roto i te tāhuna ki te hanganga o te tāhuna, ā, ka pā ki te kaha o te tāhuna. Nō reira, ka taea te whakarite i te paipa rino ki te pari o raro o te tāhuna i muri i te haere i roto i te tinana o runga o te tāhuna hei paipa o muri o te tāhuna.
（2） Te rakau pene mata
Ko te pūtake o te whare hiko whenua momo whakahurihuri ka whakatakotoria ki waho i te taha o te pari o te maunga hei hanga i te pūtake whenua, e kiia ana ko te paipa tuwhera, ko te pūtake tuwhera rānei.
E ai ki ngā rauemi paipa rerekē, e rua ngā momo:
1. Paipa maitai
2. Paipa raima whakapakari
（3） Te rakau pene i raro i te whenua
Ina kore e pai ngā āhuatanga whenua me te whenua mō te whakatakotoranga o ngā paipa tuwhera, ina rānei kei raro i te whenua te teihana hiko, ka whakaritea te pene rakau ki raro i te whenua hei pene rakau ki raro i te whenua. E rua ngā momo pene rakau ki raro i te whenua: he paipa tanumia me he paipa whakakīia.
2, Aratau tuku wai mai i te pene ki te tāpine
1. Pūtake wai motuhake: kotahi te pene rakau e tuku wai ana ki te kotahi waeine, arā, he paipa kotahi hei tuku wai ki te waeine kotahi.
2. Te tuku wai whakakotahi: ka tukuna te wai e te paipa matua ki ngā waeine katoa o te teihana hiko i muri i te wehenga o te pito.
3. Te puna wai rōpū
Ka tukuna e ia paipa matua te wai ki ngā waeine e rua, neke atu rānei, i muri i te pekanga i te pito, arā, he maha ngā paipa me ngā waeine maha.
Ahakoa e whakamahia ana te tuku wai tahi, te tuku wai rōpū rānei, kaua e neke ake i te 4 ngā waeine e honoa ana ki ia paipa wai.
3, Aratau urunga wai o te pene e tomo ana ki te whare hiko wai
Ka taea te whakarite i te tuaka o te rakau penstock me te ahunga whanaunga o te tipu ki te ahunga pai, ki te taha, ki te taha whakarara rānei.
Wā tuku: Oketopa-17-2022
