He mīhini te tāpine wai e huri ana i te pūngao pūmanawa o te wai hei pūngao miihini. Mā te whakamahi i tēnei mīhini hei taraiwa i tētahi whakaputa hiko, ka taea te huri i te pūngao wai hei
Hiko Koinei te huinga pūngao wai.
Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā tāpine waipēhi hou kia rua ngā wāhanga e ai ki te mātāpono o te rere o te wai me ngā āhuatanga hanganga.
Ko tētahi atu momo tāpine e whakamahi ana i te pūngao nekeneke me te pūngao pūmanawa o te wai e kiia ana he tāpine pānga.
Whakaekenga Whakahē
Ko te wai i tangohia mai i te puna wai whakarunga ka rere tuatahi ki te rūma whakawhiti wai (volute), kātahi ka rere ki te awa piko o te mata o te oma mā te vane ārahi.
Ka puta he kaha tauhohenga i runga i ngā mata o te wai, ka huri ai te impeller. I tēnei wā, ka hurihia te pūngao wai hei pūngao miihini, ā, ka tukuna te wai e rere ana i waho o te oma mā te ngongo hiko.
I raro iho.
Ko te nuinga o ngā mea kei roto i te tāpine pānga ko te rere Francis, te rere whakarara me te rere axial. Ko te rerekētanga matua ko te rerekētanga o te hanganga o te kaikawe.
(1) Ko te mīhini oma Francis he mea hanga i te 12-20 ngā mata miro kua whakangawaritia me ngā wāhanga matua pēnei i te karauna wira me te mowhiti o raro.
Ko te rerenga mai me te rerenga atu o te toki, he whānuitia ngā pane wai e tika ana mō tēnei momo tāpine, he iti te rahinga me te iti o te utu, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā pane wai teitei.
Ka wehea te rere ā-tuaka ki te momo poroporo me te momo hurihuri. He mata pūmau tō te tuatahi, ko te mata hurihuri ia tō te tuarua. Ko te rere ā-tuaka he mea tito i ngā mata e 3-8, te tinana o te poroporo, te koeko waikeri me ētahi atu wāhanga matua. He nui ake te kaha whakawhiti wai o tēnei momo tāpine i tō te rere Francis. Mō te tāpine hoe. Nā te mea ka taea e te mata te whakarerekē i tōna tūranga me te kawenga, he teitei te whai huatanga i roto i te whānuitanga o te huringa kawenga nui. He kino ake te mahi ārai-cavitation me te kaha o te tāpine i ō te tāpine rere-whakauru, ā, he uaua ake hoki te hanganga. I te nuinga o te wā, he pai mō te whānuitanga o te upoko wai iti me te waenga o te 10.
(2) Ko te mahi a te rūma whakahuri wai he whakarite kia rere ōrite te wai ki roto i te pūnaha arataki wai, kia whakaitihia te ngaronga pūngao o te pūnaha arataki wai, kia pai ake ai te wira wai.
te pai o te mahi a te mīhini. Mō ngā tāpine nui me ngā tāpine waenga-rahi me te pane wai i runga ake, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia he volute whakarewa me te wāhanga porowhita.
(3) Ko te tikanga, ka whakaritea te pūnaha arataki wai kia ōrite te āhua huri noa i te kaikawe, me te maha o ngā whana arataki kua whakangawaritia me ō rātou pūnaha hurihuri, me ētahi atu.
Ko te mahi a te hanganga he ārahi i te rere o te wai ki roto i te pūwero kia ōrite, ā, mā te whakarerekē i te whakatuwheratanga o te vane ārahi, hei whakarerekē i te waipuke o te tāpine kia rite ki te
Ka taea hoki e ngā whakaritenga o te whakarerekētanga me te whakarerekētanga o te kawenga o te kaihanga hiko te mahi hei hiri i te wai ina kati katoa.
(4) Paipa tango: Nā te mea kāore e whakamahia ana ētahi o te kaha e toe ana i roto i te rere wai i te putanga o te pūwero, ko te mahi a te paipa tango he whakahoki mai i te
Ko tētahi wāhanga o te pūngao, ā, ka mimiti te wai i raro iho. Ko ngā tāpine iti e whakamahi ana i ngā ngongo hiko tika-kōne, he tino pai te mahi, engari ko ngā tāpine nui me ngā tāpine rahi-waenga ka whakamahia.
Kāore e taea te keri hohonu rawa ngā paipa wai, nō reira ka whakamahia ngā paipa huti e piko ana ki te tuke.
Hei tāpiritanga, kei roto i te tāpine pānga ētahi tāpine ngongo, ngā tāpine rere whakarara, ngā tāpine papu whakahurihuri, me ētahi atu.
Tāpine pānga:
Ka whakamahia e tēnei momo tāpine te kaha pānga o te rere o te wai tere-rahi hei huri i te tāpine, ā, ko te mea tino noa ko te momo peere.
Ko ngā tāpine peere e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā tipu hiko wai teitei-upoko kua whakahuatia ake nei. Ko ōna wāhanga mahi ko ngā awaawa, ngā pūwero me ngā rehu.
He maha ngā peere wai āhua-pūnu totoka kei te taha o waho o te wira wai mō te ngira, te wira wai me te volute. Ka rerekē te whai huatanga o tēnei tāpine i runga i te kawenga.
He iti noa te panonitanga, engari ko te kaha o te wai e rere ana he mea whakawhāiti e te pūwero, he iti ake i te rere ā-tuaka. Hei whakapai ake i te kaha o te wai e rere ana, whakanuia te putanga me te
Hei whakapai ake i te whai huatanga, kua whakarerekētia te tāpine wai nui mai i te tuaka whakapae ki te tuaka poutū, ā, kua whakawhanakehia mai i te pūwero kotahi ki te pūwero maha.
3. He kupu whakataki ki te hanganga o te tāpine tauhohenga
Ko te wāhanga kua tanumia, tae atu ki te volute, te mowhiti nohoanga, te ngongo hiko, me ētahi atu, kua tanumia katoa ki roto i te turanga raima. He wāhanga tēnei o ngā wāhanga whakawhiti wai me ngā wāhanga waipuke o te waeine.
Volute
Kua wehea te volute ki te volute raima me te volute whakarewa. Ko ngā waeine he upoko wai kei roto i te 40 mita te nuinga e whakamahi ana i te volute raima. Mō ngā tāpine he upoko wai neke atu i te 40 mita, ko ngā volute whakarewa te nuinga e whakamahia ana nā te mea e hiahiatia ana he kaha. Ko ngā painga o te volute whakarewa he kaha teitei, he watea te tukatuka, he māmā te hanganga ā-iwi, ā, he ngāwari te hono atu ki te pene whakawhiti wai o te teihana hiko.
E rua ngā momo whakarewa whakarewa, he mea whakarewa me te mea whakarewa.
Mō ngā tāpine pānga nui me te rahi-waenga, he tata ki te 40-200 mita te hohonu o te wai, ko ngā pūwero pereti maitai te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana. Hei whakahaere i te whakarewa, ka wehea te pūwero kia maha ngā wāhanga kōniko, he porowhita ia wāhanga, ā, ko te wāhanga hiku o te pūwero nā te mea ka iti ake te wāhanga, ā, ka hurihia hei āhua porowhita hei whakarewa mā te mowhiti nohoanga. Ka hurihia ia wāhanga kōniko e te mīhini hurihuri pereti.
I roto i ngā tāpine Francis iti, ka whakamahia ngā volute rino maka e whakarewahia katoatia ana. Mō ngā tāpine pane-teitei me ngā tāpine kaha-nui, ka whakamahia te volute maitai maka, ā, ka whakarewahia te volute me te mowhiti nohoanga ki roto i te mea kotahi.
Ko te wāhanga o raro rawa o te volute he takirere whakaheke wai hei tango i te wai kua kohia i te wā tiaki.
Mowhiti nohoanga
Ko te mowhiti nohoanga te wāhanga taketake o te tāpine pānga. Haunga te pikau i te pēhanga wai, ka pikau hoki i te taumaha o te waeine katoa me te raima o te wāhanga waeine, nō reira me nui te kaha me te pakari. Ko te tikanga taketake o te mowhiti nohoanga he mowhiti o runga, he mowhiti o raro me te vane arataki pumau. Ko te vane arataki pumau te mowhiti nohoanga tautoko, te pou e tuku ana i te kawenga tuaka, me te mata rere. I taua wā anō, he wāhanga tohutoro matua i roto i te huihuinga o ngā wāhanga matua o te tāpine, ā, ko tētahi o ngā wāhanga tuatahi kua tāutahia. Nō reira, me nui te kaha me te pakari, ā, i taua wā anō, me pai te mahi waipēhi.
He wāhanga pikau kawenga, he wāhanga rere-mā roto hoki te mowhiti nohoanga, nō reira he āhua angiangi te mata rere-mā roto kia iti ai te ngaronga waipēhi.
E toru ngā āhua hanganga o te mowhiti nohoanga: te āhua pou kotahi, te āhua haurua-whakauru, me te āhua whakauru. Mō ngā tāpine Francis, he mowhiti nohoanga hanganga whakauru te tikanga.
Paipa tauira me te mowhiti turanga
Ko te ngongo mimiti he wāhanga o te ara rere o te tāpine, ā, e rua ngā momo: he kōniko tika, he piko hoki. Ko te ngongo mimiti piko te tikanga e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā tāpine nui me ngā tāpine rahi-waenga. Ko te mowhiti turanga te wāhanga taketake e hono ana i te mowhiti nohoanga o te tāpine Francis ki te wāhanga tomokanga o te ngongo mimiti, ā, kua whakauruhia ki roto i te raima. Ko te mowhiti o raro o te kaikawe e hurihuri ana i roto.
Hanganga aratohu wai
Ko te mahi a te pūnaha arataki wai o te tāpine wai he hanga me te whakarerekē i te nui o te rere o te wai e tomo ana ki te oma. Ka whakamahia te mana whakahaere o te vane arataki maha hurihuri me te mahi pai hei whakarite kia uru ōrite te rere o te wai i te taha o te porowhita me te iti o te ngaronga pūngao i raro i ngā tere rere rerekē. oma. Me whakarite kia pai ngā āhuatanga waipēhi o te tāpine, whakatikatika i te rere hei whakarerekē i te putanga o te waeine, hiritia te rere o te wai me te aukati i te hurihuri o te waeine i te wā e kati ana te waeine noa me te wā e kati aituā ana. Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā pūnaha arataki wai nui me te rahi-waenga ki ngā porotaka, ki ngā tāpine rere kōniko (momo-puru me te rere-whakarara) me te radial (ngā tāpine uru-katoa) e ai ki te tūranga tuaka o ngā vane arataki. Ko te nuinga o te pūnaha arataki wai he mea hanga mai i ngā vane arataki, ngā pūnaha whakahaere vane arataki, ngā wāhanga porowhita, ngā ringaringa poutū, ngā hiri me ētahi atu wāhanga.
Te hanganga o te taputapu ārahi vane.
Ko ngā wāhanga porowhita o te tikanga arataki wai ko te mowhiti raro, te taupoki o runga, te taupoki tautoko, te mowhiti whakahaere, te whāriki peera, te whāriki peera pana, me ētahi atu. He uaua ngā kaha o ēnei, ā, he nui ngā whakaritenga hanga.
Mowhiti raro
Ko te mowhiti o raro he wāhanga porowhita papatahi e piri ana ki te mowhiti nohoanga, ko te nuinga he hanganga whakarewa-whakarewa. Nā te iti o ngā tikanga kawe i roto i ngā waeine nui, ka taea te wehewehe kia rua ngā haurua, kia maha atu rānei ngā rau. Mō ngā teihana hiko he pakaru paru, ka mahia ētahi mahi ārai-kakahu ki te mata o te rere. I tēnei wā, ko ngā pereti ārai-kakahu te nuinga o te wā e tāutahia ana ki ngā mata pito, ā, ko te nuinga o ēnei he kowiri tira 0Cr13Ni5Mn. Mena ka hiritia te mowhiti o raro me ngā mata pito o runga me raro o te vane arataki ki te rapa, me whai awaawa hiku, he awaawa hiri rapa momo pereti pēhanga rānei i te mowhiti o raro. Ko te nuinga o tā mātou wheketere he pereti hiri parahi. Ko te kōhao o te kakau vane arataki i te mowhiti o raro me rite ki te taupoki o runga. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te taupoki o runga me te mowhiti o raro mō te poka kotahi o ngā waeine reo me te iti. Inaianei kua poka tika ngā waeine nui ki te mīhini poka CNC i roto i tā mātou wheketere.
Porowhita whakahaere
Ko te mowhiti whakahaere he wāhanga porowhita e tuku ana i te kaha o te whakawhiti me te huri i te arataki arataki mā roto i te tikanga tuku.
Arataki vane
I tēnei wā, e rua ngā āhua rau paerewa o ngā vane ārahi, he āhua ōrite, he āhua kore ōrite. Ko ngā vane ārahi ōrite te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā tāpine rere tuaka tere motuhake teitei me te koki takai volute kāore i oti; ko ngā vane ārahi kore ōrite te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā volute koki takai katoa, ā, e mahi ana me te rere tuaka tere motuhake iti me te whakatuwheratanga nui. ngā tāpine me ngā tāpine Francis tere motuhake teitei me te reo. Ko ngā vane ārahi (porotaka) he mea whakarewa katoa, ā, ka whakamahia hoki ngā hanganga whakarewa-whakarewa i roto i ngā waeine nui.
He wāhanga nui te whana ārahi o te pūnaha ārahi wai, he mahi nui tāna ki te hanga me te whakarerekē i te nui o te rere o te wai e tomo ana ki te oma. E rua ngā wāhanga o te whana ārahi: te tinana o te whana ārahi me te whānui o te rakau o te whana ārahi. I te nuinga o te wā, ka whakamahia te whakarewa katoa, ā, ka whakamahia hoki e ngā waeine nui te whakarewa whakarewa. Ko ngā rauemi he ZG30 me te ZG20MnSi te nuinga. Hei whakarite i te hurihanga ngāwari o te whana ārahi, me porowhita ngā pou o runga, waenga me raro o te whana ārahi, kaua te nekehanga radial e neke atu i te haurua o te whānui o te tokotoko pokapū, ā, kaua te hapa e whakaaetia ana o te mata pito o te whana ārahi kia kore e poutū ki te tuaka e neke ake i te 0.15/1000. Ko te āhua o te mata rere o te whana ārahi ka pā tika ki te nui o te rere o te wai e tomo ana ki te oma. Ko te pane me te hiku o te whana ārahi he mea hanga ki te kowiri tira hei whakapai ake i te ātete cavitation.
Pūmau o te whana ārahi me te taputapu pana o te whana ārahi
Ko te ringaringa o te whana arataki he wāhanga e mau ana i te diameter o te pou pokapū o te whana arataki, ā, e pā ana tōna hanganga ki te rauemi, te hiri me te teitei o te taupoki o runga. Ko te nuinga he rite ki te rango whakauru, ā, i ngā wāhanga nui, he wāhanga te nuinga, he painga ki te whakarite pai i te āputa.
Mā te taputapu pana o te whana ārahi ka ārai i te whana ārahi kia kaua e pōrewarewa ki runga i raro i te pēhanga wai. Ina nui ake te whana ārahi i te taumaha mate o te whana ārahi, ka ara ake te whana ārahi, ka tukinga ki te taupoki o runga, ā, ka pā ki te kaha o te tokotoko hono. Ko te pereti pana he parahi konumohe te nuinga.
Hiri arataki
E toru ngā mahi hiri a te vane ārahi, ko tētahi hei whakaiti i te ngaronga pūngao, ko tētahi hei whakaiti i te turuturu o te hau i te wā e whakahaere ana i te whakarerekētanga ā-wāhanga, ā, ko te tuatoru hei whakaiti i te cavitation. Kua wehea ngā hiri vane ārahi ki ngā hiri teitei me ngā hiri pito.
He hiri kei waenganui me raro o te whānui o te pou o te vane ārahi. Ina hiritia te whānui o te pou, ka hiritia te pēhanga wai i waenganui i te mowhiti hiri me te whānui o te pou o te vane ārahi. Nō reira, he kōhao waikeri kei roto i te ringaringa. Ko te hiri o te whānui o raro o te pou he mea nui hei ārai i te urunga o te paru me te pakaru o te whānui o te pou.
He maha ngā momo tikanga tuku hiko ārahi, ā, e rua ngā mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana. Ko tētahi ko te momo pane marau, he pai te āhua o te ahotea, ā, he pai mō ngā waeine nui me ngā waeine rahi-waenga. Ko tētahi ko te momo kakau taringa, he āhua māmā te hanganga, ā, he pai ake mō ngā waeine iti me ngā waeine rahi-waenga.
Ko te tikanga tuku kakau taringa he mea hanga nui mai i te ringa ārahi, te pereti hono, te kī haurua wehe, te pine kutikuti, te ringaringa rakau, te uhi pito, te kakau taringa, te pine tokotoko hono ringaringa hurihuri, me ētahi atu. Kāore i te pai te kaha, engari he māmā te hanganga, nō reira he pai ake mō ngā waeine iti me te rahi.
Tikanga taraiwa marau
Ko te tikanga tuku pane marau he mea hanga nui mai i te ringa ārahi, te pereti hono, te pane marau, te pine pane marau, te tīwiri hono, te nati, te haurua kī, te pine kutikuti, te ringaringa rakau, te taupoki pito me te mowhiti utu, me ētahi atu.
Ka honoa te ringa o te vane ārahi me te vane ārahi ki tētahi kī wehe hei tuku tika i te taipana whakahaere. Ka tāutahia he taupoki pito ki te ringa o te vane ārahi, ā, ka whakairihia te vane ārahi ki runga i te taupoki pito me tētahi tīwiri whakatikatika. Nā te whakamahinga o tētahi kī wehe-haurua, ka neke ake, ka neke iho te vane ārahi ina whakatikatikaina te āputa i waenga i ngā mata pito o runga me raro o te tinana o te vane ārahi, engari kāore ngā tūranga o ētahi atu wāhanga tuku e pāngia.
I roto i te tikanga tuku pane marau, kua rite te ringa o te whana ārahi me te pereti hono ki ngā pine kutikuti. Mena ka mau ngā whana ārahi nā ngā mea ke, ka piki tere te kaha whakahaere o ngā wāhanga tuku e tika ana. Ina piki te ahotea ki te 1.5 ngā wā, ka tapahia tuatahitia ngā pine kutikuti. Tiakina ētahi atu wāhanga tuku mai i te kino.
Hei tāpiritanga, i te hononga i waenga i te pereti hono, te mowhiti whakahaere rānei me te pane marau, kia noho whakapae ai te tīwiri hono, ka taea te tāuta i tētahi mowhiti utu hei whakatikatika. Ko ngā miro i ngā pito e rua o te tīwiri hono he taha maui, he taha matau hoki, kia taea ai te whakatikatika i te roa o te tokotoko hono me te whakatuwheratanga o te whana ārahi i te wā e tāuta ana.
Wāhanga hurihuri
Ko te wāhanga hurihuri he mea hanga nui mai i te oma, te pou matua, te whāriki me te taputapu hiri. Ka huihuia te oma, ka whakarewaina hoki e te karauna o runga, te mowhiti o raro me ngā mata. Ko te nuinga o ngā pou matua o te tāpine he mea whakarewa. He maha ngā momo whāriki ārahi. E ai ki ngā āhuatanga whakahaere o te teihana hiko, he maha ngā momo whāriki pēnei i te whakahinuhinu wai, te whakahinuhinu hinu angiangi me te whakahinuhinu hinu maroke. Ko te tikanga, ko te nuinga o te teihana hiko he momo rango hinu angiangi, he whāriki poraka rānei.
Francis runner
Kei roto i te pūwero Francis he karauna o runga, he mata, he mowhiti o raro. Ko te karauna o runga he mowhiti ārai-tātari hei whakaiti i te ngaronga o te turuturu wai, me tētahi taputapu whakaiti-pēhanga hei whakaiti i te pana wai tuaka. Kei te mowhiti o raro hoki he taputapu ārai-tātari.
Ngā mata oma tuaka
E rua ngā wāhanga o te mata o te oma rere axial (te wāhanga matua mō te huri i te pūngao): te tinana me te porowhita. Ka whakarewahia motuhaketia, ā, ka honoa ki ngā wāhanga miihini pēnei i ngā tīwiri me ngā pine i muri i te tukatuka. (I te nuinga o te wā, neke atu i te 5 mita te whānui o te oma). Ko te nuinga o te wā ka hangaia he ZG30 me te ZG20MnSi. Ko te maha o ngā mata o te oma he 4, 5, 6, me te 8.
Tinana o te kaiurungi
Kei te tinana o te oma ngā mata katoa me te tikanga whakahaere, ka honoa te taha o runga ki te pou matua, ā, ka honoa te taha o raro ki te kōne waikeri, he āhua uaua. Ko te nuinga o te wā, he mea hanga te tinana o te oma ki te ZG30 me te ZG20MnSi. He porowhita te āhua hei whakaiti i te ngaronga rōrahi. Ko te hanganga motuhake o te tinana o te oma ka whakawhirinaki ki te tūranga whakaritenga o te whakawhiti me te āhua o te tikanga whakahaere. I roto i tōna hononga ki te pou matua, ko te tīwiri hononga anake te kawenga mō te kaha tuaka, ā, ko te taipana ka kawea e ngā pine porotaka e tohatohahia ana i te ahunga radial o te mata hononga.
Tikanga whakahaere
Hononga tika ki te anga whakahaere:
1. Ina kei waenganui te koki o te mata, ka whakapae te ringa, ā, ka poutū te tokotoko hono.
2. Ka whakamahia e te ringa hurihuri me te mata he pine porotaka hei tuku i te taipana, ā, ko te tūranga radial kei te taha o te mowhiti pakū.
3. Kua wehea te tokotoko hono ki ngā tokotoko hono o roto, o waho hoki, ā, kua tohatohahia te kaha kia ōrite.
4. He kakau taringa kei te anga whakahaere, he mea watea mō te whakarerekē i te wā e huihui ana. Ko te pito e ōrite ana o te kakau taringa me te anga whakahaere he mea here ki te pine here hei ārai i te mau o te tokotoko hono ina whakapūmauhia te kakau taringa.
5. He rite te āhua o te anga whakahaere ki te "I". Ko te nuinga o ēnei e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā waeine iti me ngā waeine rahi-waenga, e 4 ki te 6 ngā mata.
Tikanga hononga tika, kāore he anga whakahaere: 1. Kua whakakorea te anga whakahaere, ā, ka peia tika te tokotoko hono me te ringa hurihuri e te piston whakawhiti i roto i ngā waeine nui.
Tikanga hononga piko me te anga whakahaere: 1. Ina kei waenganui te koki hurihuri o te mata, he nui te koki piko o te ringa hurihuri me te tokotoko hono. 2. Ka whakanuia te whiu o te whakawhiti, ā, i roto i te oma ka nui ake ngā mata.
Rūma oma
He hanganga maitai ā-ao te rūma oma, he mea whakarewa ki te pereti maitai, ā, ko ngā wāhanga o waenganui e ngāwari ana ki te cavitation he mea hanga ki te maitai kore waikura hei whakapai ake i te ātete cavitation. He pakari te rūma oma hei whakatutuki i te whakaritenga o te wehenga ōrite i waenga i ngā mata oma me te rūma oma i te wā e whakahaerehia ana te waeine. Kua hangaia e tā mātou wheketere he tikanga tukatuka katoa i roto i te tukanga hanga: A. Tukatuka mīhini hurihuri poutū CNC. B, tukatuka tikanga whakahōtaka. Ko te wāhanga koeko tika o te ngongo tauira kua whakarārangihia ki ngā pereti maitai, kua hangaia i roto i te wheketere, ā, kua huihuia ki te wāhi.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-26-2022
