Kāore he whakamāramatanga ōrite, he wehewehenga rānei o te whānuitanga o te kaha o te whakaputa hiko wai iti (e kiia nei ko te hiko wai iti) i roto i ngā whenua o te ao. Ahakoa i roto i te whenua kotahi, i ngā wā rerekē, kāore ngā paerewa i te ōrite. I te nuinga o te wā, e ai ki te kaha kua tāutahia, ka taea te wehewehe i te hiko wai iti ki ngā taumata e toru: te moroiti, te iti me te iti. Kotahi anake te taumata o ētahi whenua, ā, ko ētahi whenua kua wehea ki ngā taumata e rua, he tino rerekē. E ai ki ngā ture o nāianei o tōku whenua, ko ngā mea he iti iho i te 25,000 kW te kaha kua tāutahia ka kiia he teihana hiko wai iti; ko ngā mea he iti iho i te 25,000 kW te kaha kua tāutahia, ā, he iti iho i te 250,000 kW he teihana hiko wai reo-rahi; ko ngā mea he nui ake i te 250,000 kW te kaha kua tāutahia, he teihana hiko wai nui.
Hangarau Hikohiko Wai Iti He tukanga kua roa nei te hangarau o te huri i te kaha nekeneke i roto i te wai ki ētahi atu momo hiko, ā, kua whakamahia pai mō ngā rautau hei whakaputa hiko. Nō reira, kua noho ko tētahi o ngā huarahi matua mō te whakaputa hiko i roto i ngā whenua maha, inā koa ētahi whenua iti ake te whanaketanga i Āwherika, Āhia me Amerika ki te Tonga. I tīmata te hangarau i runga i te tauine iti, ā, i mahi ki ētahi hapori tata ki ngā miihini hiko, engari i te whānui haere o te mōhiotanga, kua taea ai te whakaputa hiko nui me te tuku tawhiti. Ka whakamahia e ngā miihini hiko wai nui ngā puna wai nui e hiahia ana kia hangaia he tāke motuhake hei whakahaere i te rere o te wai, me te whakamahi i te whenua nui mō tēnei kaupapa. Nō reira, kua piki haere ngā āwangawanga mō te pānga o ēnei whanaketanga ki te taiao me ngā rauropi. Nā ēnei āwangawanga, me te utu nui o te tuku, kua hoki mai te hiahia ki te whakaputa hiko wai iti. I te tīmatanga, i ngā wāhanga tōmua o te whanaketanga o tēnei hangarau, ehara te whakaputa hiko i tana kaupapa matua. Ko te mana wai te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana hei mahi miihini hei whakatutuki i ngā mahi kua whakaritea pēnei i te papu wai (te tuku wai ā-whare me te whakamakuku), te huri witi me ngā mahi miihini mō ngā mahi ahumahi.
Kua kitea he utu nui, he kino hoki ki te taiao ngā tipu hiko wai pokapū nui, ā, ka whakararuraru i te taurite o ngā rauropi. E whakaatu ana ngā wheako ko rātou te pūtake matua o te utu nui o te tuku hiko me te nui o te whakapaunga hiko. Haunga tēnā, kāore he awa i Āwherika ki te Rawhiti e taea te tautoko i aua taputapu me te pumau, engari he awa iti kei reira ka taea te whakamahi mō te whakaputa hiko iti. Me whakamahi pai ēnei rauemi hei whakarato hiko ki ngā kāinga taiwhenua marara. Haunga ngā awa, tera atu anō ngā huarahi hei tiki hiko mai i ngā rauemi wai. Hei tauira, ko te pūngao wera o te moana, te pūngao tai, te pūngao ngaru, tae atu ki te pūngao waiariki he pūtake pūngao wai katoa ka taea te whakamahi. Haunga te pūngao waiariki me te pūngao waiariki, kāore te whakamahinga o ngā pūtake pūngao wai katoa i pā ki te pūnaha tuku hiko o te ao. Ahakoa te pūngao waiariki, tētahi o ngā hangarau whakaputa hiko tawhito rawa atu kua whanake pai, kua whakamahia whānuitia i ēnei rā, e 3% noa iho o te whakaputa hiko katoa o te ao. He nui ake te kaha o te pūngao waiariki hei pūtake pūngao i Āwherika i tō Ūropi ki te Rawhiti, ā, he rite ki tērā i Amerika ki te Raki. Engari, ahakoa ko te whenua o Āwherika te kaiārahi o te ao mō te kaha o te hiko wai kāore anō kia whakamahia, e mano tini tonu ngā tāngata whenua kāore e whai wāhi atu ki te hiko. Ko te kaupapa whakamahi o te hiko wai ko te huri i te kaha o te kaha kei roto i te wai i roto i te puna wai hei kaha nekeneke kore utu mō ngā mahi miihini. Ko te tikanga o tēnei me noho te taputapu e penapena ana i te wai ki runga ake i te pūwāhi hurihanga kaha (pēnei i te miihini whakaputa hiko). Ko te nui me te ahunga o te rere kore utu o te wai ka whakahaeretia mā te whakamahi i ngā paipa wai, e ārahi ana i te rere o te wai ki te wāhi e puta ai te tukanga hurihanga, ā, mā reira ka puta te hiko. 1
Te tūranga me te hiranga o te hiko wai iti Ko te umanga hiko te umanga matua o te ōhanga ā-motu. He take nui hoki te pūngao i roto i tō tātou whenua i ēnei rā. He wāhanga nui o te whakahoutanga ahuwhenua te whakapūngao hiko taiwhenua, ā, he puna pūngao pai hoki ngā rauemi hiko wai iti o te motu hei whakarato hiko taiwhenua. I roto i ngā tau, me te tautoko a ngā taumata kāwanatanga me ngā taumata ā-rohe, kua whakaohokia ngā kaha maha, kua honoa tata te whakahaere wai me te whakaputa hiko, ā, kua eke te pakihi whakaputa hiko wai iti ki te whanaketanga kaha. He tino nui ngā rauemi hiko wai iti o tōku whenua. E ai ki te rangahau o ngā rauemi hiko wai taiwhenua (10MW≤teihana kotahi te kaha tāuta≤50MW) i whakaritea e te kāwanatanga, ko te nui o ngā rauemi hiko wai taiwhenua ka taea te whakawhanake i roto i te whenua ko te 128 miriona kW, ā, ko te nui o ngā rauemi hiko wai iti ka taea te whakawhanake (kei runga ake i te 10MW) ka arotakehia. Awa me te 0.5MW≤teihana kotahi te kaha tāuta
Wā tuku: Hepetema-15-2022
