Ko te hiko wai te tukanga hurihanga o te pūngao wai taiao ki te hiko hiko mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga hangarau. Koinei te huarahi taketake o te whakamahi i te pūngao wai. Ko ngā painga, kāore e pau te wahie, kāore e poke i te taiao, ka taea te whakakī tonu i te pūngao wai mā te ua, he māmā ngā taputapu mīhini me te hiko, ā, he ngāwari, he watea hoki te whakahaere. Heoi, he nui te haumitanga whānui, he roa te wā hanga, ā, i ētahi wā ka puta he mate waipuke. He maha ngā wā ka honoa te hiko wai me te whakahaere waipuke, te whakamakuku, te tuku kaipuke, me ētahi atu, kia whānui ai te whakamahinga.
E toru ngā momo whakaputa hiko wai:
1. Te Hiko Wai Tuku Iho
Arā, ko te mana wai momo tāpae, e mōhiotia ana ko te mana wai momo puna wai. Ka hangaia he puna wai mā te penapena wai i roto i te tāpae, ā, ko tōna mana whakaputa nui rawa ka whakatauhia e te rerekētanga i waenga i te rōrahi o te puna wai me te tūranga o te putanga wai me te teitei o te mata wai. Ka kiia tēnei rerekētanga teitei ko te upoko, ka kiia hoki ko te maturuturunga iho, ko te upoko rānei, ā, ko te kaha pūmanawa o te wai he rite ki te upoko.
2. Te hiko wai-o-te-awa (ROR)
Arā, ko te hiko wai rere-awa, e mōhiotia ana ko te hiko wai rere-o-te-awa, he momo hiko wai e whakamahi ana i te hiko wai engari he iti noa te wai e hiahiatia ana, kāore rānei e hiahiatia kia penapenahia he nui te wai hei whakaputa hiko. Kāore e hiahiatia he rokiroki wai mō te hiko wai rere-awa, he iti noa iho rānei te whare rokiroki wai e hiahiatia ana, e kiia ana he puna kaukau whakangawari, he marae rānei ina hangaia he whare rokiroki wai iti. Nā te korenga o ngā whare rokiroki wai nui, he tino tairongo te whakaputa hiko rere-awa ki ngā huringa ā-wā o te nui o te wai e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā puna wai, nō reira ko ngā tipu hiko rere-awa ka tautuhia ko ngā puna hiko wā-poto. Ā, ki te hangaia he puna whakahaere i roto i te tipu hiko Chuanliu ka taea te whakarite i te rere o te wai i ngā wā katoa, ka whakamahia hei tipu hiko heu-pikitia, hei tipu hiko uta-turanga rānei.
3. Te kaha o te tai
Ko te whakaputa hiko tai e ahu mai ana i te pikinga me te hekenga o ngā taumata wai moana i puta mai i ngā tai. I te nuinga o te wā, ka hangaia ngā puna wai hei penapena hiko, engari kei reira anō te whakamahinga tika o te rere o te wai i puta mai i ngā tai hei whakaputa hiko. Kāore i te maha ngā wāhi o te ao e tika ana mō te whakaputa hiko tai, engari e waru i te UK e kiia ana he kaha ki te whakatutuki i te 20% o ngā hiahia hiko o te whenua.
Ko ngā momo whakaputa hiko wai e toru ko ngā teihana hiko wai tuku iho, ā, kei reira tētahi atu momo teihana hiko, ko te Teihana Hiko Pumped Storage, e whakamahi ana i te hiko nui i roto i te pūnaha hiko (te wā waipuke, te hararei, te hiko awaawa iti rānei i te haurua tuarua o te pō). ), ka papua te wai i te puna wai o raro ki te puna wai o runga hei rokiroki; ina piki te kawenga o te pūnaha, ka tukuna te wai i te puna wai o runga, ā, ka peia te tāpine e te tāpine hei whakaputa hiko. He mahi takirua tāna, arā, te heu tihi me te whakakī awaawa, ā, koinei te pūtake hiko heu tihi tino pai mō te pūnaha hiko. Hei tāpiri, ka taea hoki e ia te whakahaere i te auau, te āhua, te ngaohiko, ā, ka mahi hei tārua, he mahi nui tēnei hei whakarite i te mahi haumaru me te kounga teitei o te whatunga hiko me te whakapai ake i te ōhanga o te pūnaha.
Kāore te teihana hiko rokiroki e whakaputa hiko ana, engari he mahi tāna ki te whakarite i te rerekētanga i waenga i te whakaputa hiko me te tuku hiko i roto i te whatunga hiko; he mahi nui tāna ki te whakahaere i te tihi i roto i ngā tihi kawenga poto; ka tere te huri o te tīmatanga me te putanga, ka taea ai te whakarite i te pono o te tuku hiko o te whatunga hiko me te whakapai ake i te kounga hiko. Ināianei kāore i te whakarōpūtia hei hiko wai, engari hei rokiroki hiko.
I tēnei wā, e 193 ngā teihana hiko wai e whakahaerehia ana, neke atu i te 1,000 MW te kaha kua tāutahia i ngā whenua katoa o te ao, ā, e 21 kei te hangaia. I roto i ēnei, e 55 ngā teihana hiko wai kei te whakahaerehia i Haina, neke atu i te 1,000MW te kaha kua tāutahia, ā, e 5 kei te hangaia, koinei te tuatahi o te ao.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-14-2022
