Nō nā tata nei, i whakaputa te Porowini o Sichuan i te tuhinga "pānui ohorere mō te whakawhānui i te whānuitanga o te tuku hiko mō ngā umanga ahumahi me te iwi", e kī ana me mutu te whakaputa hiko mō ngā rā e ono i roto i te kaupapa whakamahi hiko tika. Nā reira, he maha ngā kamupene kua rārangihia i pāngia. Nā te putanga mai o ētahi pānui, kua noho te wehewehe hiko i Sichuan hei kaupapa wera.
E ai ki te tuhinga i tukuna ngātahitia e te Tari ōhanga me te hangarau mōhiohio o te Porowini o Sichuan me te kamupene hiko o te State Grid Sichuan, ko te wā o tēnei here hiko mai i te 0:00 i te 15 o Ākuhata ki te 24:00 i te 20 o Ākuhata, 2022. Nō muri mai, he maha ngā kamupene kua rārangihia i whakaputa i ngā pānuitanga e tika ana, e kī ana kua tae mai ngā pānui a te kāwanatanga e tika ana, ā, ka mahi tahi rātou me te whakatinanatanga.
E ai ki ngā pānuitanga a ngā kamupene kua rārangihia, ko ngā momo kamupene me ngā ahumahi e whai wāhi ana ki te herenga hiko o Sichuan i tēnei wā ko ngā rauemi silicon, ngā maniua matū, ngā matū, ngā pākahiko, me ētahi atu. He hinonga nui te whakapaunga hiko katoa ēnei, ā, ko ēnei ahumahi te tino pūtake o te pikinga utu i te pikinga o ngā taonga nui i ēnei rā. Ināianei, kua roa te kati o te kamupene, ā, he nui te pānga ki te ahumahi hei kukume i te aro o ngā rōpū katoa.
He porowini nui a Sichuan i roto i te umanga photovoltaic o Haina. Haunga te umanga ā-rohe a Tongwei, kua whakatūria e Jingke Energy me te hangarau GCL ngā turanga whakaputa i Sichuan. Me mārama ko te taumata whakamahi hiko o te hanga rauemi silicon photovoltaic me te hononga kume tokotoko he nui, ā, he nui te pānga o te here hiko ki ēnei hononga e rua. Mā tēnei huringa here hiko ka āwangawanga te mākete mēnā ka nui haere te kore taurite i waenga i te tuku me te tono o te mekameka ahumahi o nāianei.
E ai ki ngā raraunga, ko te kaha katoa o te silicon whakarewa i Sichuan he 817000 tana, e 16% pea o te kaha katoa o te motu. I te marama o Hūrae, ko te putanga o te silicon whakarewa i Sichuan he 65600 tana, e 21% o te tuku katoa o te motu. I tēnei wā, kua tino teitei te utu o te rauemi silicon. I te 10 o Ākuhata, kua piki te utu mōrahi o te whāngai anō i te tioata kotahi ki te 308000 yuan/tana.
Haunga ngā rauemi silicon me ētahi atu ahumahi e pāngia ana e te kaupapa here here hiko, ka pāngia anō hoki te konumohe hiko, te pākahiko lithium, te tongi me ētahi atu ahumahi i te Porowini o Sichuan.
I te tīmatanga o Hūrae, i rongo te maheni pūngao kei te pāngia ngā umanga ahumahi me ngā umanga arumoni i Chengdu me ōna rohe huri noa e te wehewehenga hiko. I kī atu tētahi kaiwhakahaere o tētahi umanga hanga ki te kairīpoata o te Energy Magazine: "me tumanako tātou ki te tuku hiko kore e mutu i ia rā. Ko te mea tino whakamataku ko te kīia mai ki a tātou ka motuhia tonutia te tuku hiko, ā, kāore he wā ki te whakarite mō te kati."
He kawanatanga nui a Sichuan mō te hiko wai. E ai ki te ariā, kei te wā ua. He aha te take he raruraru nui o te here hiko i Sichuan?
Ko te kore wai i te wā ua te tino take i akiakihia ai te Porowini o Sichuan ki te whakatinana i te aukati hiko tino kaha i tēnei tau.
He mārama ngā āhuatanga o te hiko wai o Haina, arā, "he nui te raumati, he maroke te takurua". Ko te tikanga, ko te wā ua i Sichuan mai i Hune ki Oketopa, ā, ko te wā maroke mai i Tīhema ki Āperira.
Heoi, he tino rerekē te āhuarangi i tēnei raumati.
Mai i te tirohanga tiaki wai, he kino te tauraki o tēnei tau, ā, he tino pā ki te nui o te wai o te awa o Yangtze. Mai i waenganui o Hune, kua rerekē te ua i te awa o Yangtze mai i te nui ki te iti. I roto i ēnei, ko te ua i te mutunga o Hune he iti iho i te 20%, ā, ko te ua i te Hūrae he iti iho i te 30%. Ina koa, ko te awa matua o ngā pito whakararo o te awa o Yangtze me te pūnaha wai o te roto o Poyang he iti iho i te 50%, koinei te mea iti rawa i roto i taua wā anō i roto i ngā tau 10 kua hipa.
I roto i tētahi uiuinga, i mea a Zhang Jun, te kaiwhakahaere o te tari wai o te Komihana o te Awa Yangtze me te kaiwhakahaere o te pokapū mōhiohio me te matapae wai: i tēnei wā, nā te korenga o te wai e tomo mai ana, he iti noa te kaha rokiroki wai o te nuinga o ngā puna wai whakahaere i ngā pito whakarunga o te Awa Yangtze, ā, kei te heke tonu te taumata wai o te awa matua i ngā pito waenga me ngā pito whakararo o te Awa Yangtze, he iti iho i tērā i taua wā anō o te hītori. Hei tauira, ko te taumata wai o ngā teihana matua pēnei i a Hankou me Datong he 5-6 mita te iti iho. E matapaetia ana ka iti tonu te ua i te Rohe o te Awa Yangtze i waenganui me te mutunga o Ākuhata, inā koa i te tonga o ngā pito waenga me ngā pito whakararo o te Awa Yangtze.
I te 13 o Ākuhata, ko te taumata wai i te teihana o Hankou o te awa o Yangtze i Wuhan he 17.55m, ā, ko te taumata iti rawa tēnei i roto i taua wā anō mai i ngā rekoata wai.
Ehara i te mea ka heke tere noa te whakaputanga hiko wai i te āhuarangi maroke, engari ka piki ake anō hoki te kawenga hiko mō te whakamatao.
Mai i te tīmatanga o te raumati, nā te tino pāmahana, kua piki ake te hiahia mō te mana whakamatao hauhautanga. Ko te hoko o te hiko o State Grid Sichuan i te marama o Hūrae i eke ki te 29.087 piriona kwh, he pikinga 19.79% ia tau, ā, i whakatūria he rekoata hou mō te hoko hiko i roto i te marama kotahi.
Mai i te 4 ki te 16 o Hūrae, i pāngia a Sichuan e te huarere tino wera nui, roa hoki, kāore i kitea i roto i te hītori. Ko te kawenga mōrahi o te whatunga hiko o Sichuan i eke ki te 59.1 miriona kilowatts, he pikinga 14% mai i te tau kua hipa. Ko te toharite o te whakamahinga hiko o ia rā o ngā kainoho i eke ki te 344 miriona kwh, he pikinga 93.3% mai i te tau kua hipa.
I tētahi taha, kua tino whakaitihia te pūtake hiko, ā, i tētahi taha, kei te piki haere tonu te kawenga hiko. Kei te hē tonu te taurite i waenga i te pūtake hiko me te tono, ā, kāore e taea te whakaiti. Ka mutu, ka hua ake he herenga hiko.
Ngā take hōhonu:
Te whakahē i te tuku me te kore o te kaha ki te whakahaere
Heoi anō, he kawanatanga tuku hiko tuku iho anō hoki a Sichuan. I te marama o Hune 2022, kua kohia e te whatunga hiko o Sichuan te 1.35 trillion kwh o te hiko ki Haina ki te Rawhiti, Haina ki te Tai Hauāuru, Haina ki te Raki, Haina ki waenganui, Chongqing me Tibet.
Nā te mea he nui rawa te hiko e tukuna ana i te Porowini o Sichuan. I te tau 2021, ka eke te hiko e whakaputaina ana i te Porowini o Sichuan ki te 432.95 piriona kwh, ko te hiko e whakamahia ana e te hapori katoa ka eke ki te 327.48 piriona kwh anake. Ki te kore e tukuna atu, ka noho tonu te maumau o te hiko wai i Sichuan.
I tēnei wā, kua eke te kaha tuku hiko o te Porowini o Sichuan ki te 30.6 miriona kilowatt, ā, e "whā ngā hongere tuku tika me ngā hongere tuku tauutuutu e waru".
Heoi, ehara te tukunga o te hiko wai o Sichuan i te "Ka whakamahia e au i te tuatahi, kātahi ka tukuna ina kore e taea e au te whakamahi", engari he kaupapa rite tonu o te "utu i a koe e whakamahi ana". He whakaaetanga kei reira mō te "āhea me te nui o te tukunga" i ngā kawanatanga e tukuna ana te hiko.
Ahakoa te whakaaro o ngā hoa o Sichuan he "koretake", e whakaatu ana tēnei i te hiranga o te kirimana. Ki te kore he tuku ki waho, ka kore e whai hua te hanganga hiko wai i te Porowini o Sichuan, ā, ka kore e nui ngā teihana hiko wai. Koinei te utu o te whanaketanga i raro i te pūnaha me te tikanga o nāianei.
Heoi, ahakoa kāore he tuku hiko mai i waho, kei te noho tonu te korenga o te hiko i Sichuan, he kawanatanga hiko wai nui.
He rerekētanga ā-wā, ā, kāore hoki he kaha ki te whakahaere i te rere o te wai i roto i te hiko wai i Haina. Ko te tikanga, ko te nui o te wai e tomo mai ana ka taea anake te whakawhirinaki ki te teihana hiko wai hei whakaputa hiko. Kia tae mai te wā maroke o te takurua, ka tino heke te kaha whakaputa hiko o te teihana hiko wai. Nō reira, he mārama ngā āhuatanga o te hiko wai o Haina, arā, "he nui te raumati me te maroke o te takurua". Ko te tikanga, ko te wā ua i Sichuan mai i Hune ki Oketopa, ā, ko te wā maroke mai i Tīhema ki Āperira.
I te wā ua, he nui te whakaputanga hiko, ā, ahakoa te nui o te wai e tukuna ana, ka nui ake i te hiahia, nō reira he "wai kua whakarērea". I te wā maroke, kāore e ranea te whakaputanga hiko, ā, ka nui ake pea te hiahia mō te wai e tukuna ana.
He pono, kei te Porowini o Sichuan ētahi tikanga whakahaere ā-wā, ā, i nāianei ko te whakahaere hiko wera te nuinga.
I te marama o Oketopa 2021, kua neke atu i te 100 miriona kilowati te kaha hiko kua tāutahia o te Porowini o Sichuan, tae atu ki te 85.9679 miriona kilowati o te hiko wai me te iti iho i te 20 miriona kilowati o te hiko wera. E ai ki te mahere tau rima 14 o te pūngao Sichuan, i te tau 2025, ka tata te kaha wera ki te 23 miriona kilowati.
Heoi, i te marama o Hūrae o tēnei tau, i eke te kawenga hiko mōrahi o te whatunga hiko o Sichuan ki te 59.1 miriona kilowatt. Mēnā he raruraru nui kāore e taea e te hiko wai te whakaputa hiko i te iti o te wai (ahakoa te kore e whakaarohia te here o te wahie), he uaua ki te tautoko i te kawenga hiko o Sichuan mā te hiko wera anake.
Ko tētahi atu tikanga whakahaere ko te whakahaere-ā-koe i te hiko wai. Tuatahi, he puna wai anō hoki te teihana hiko wai, he rerekē te kaha o te puna wai. Tērā pea ka whakatinanahia he ture wai ā-wā hei whakarato hiko i te wā maroke. Heoi, he iti te kaha rokiroki o ngā puna wai o ngā teihana hiko wai, ā, he iti te kaha whakahaere. Nō reira, me whai puna wai matua.
Kei te pito rawa o runga o te teihana hiko o te awaawa te hanganga o te puna wai o Longtou. He iti, he iti rānei te kaha whakaputa hiko kua tāutahia, engari he nui te kaha rokiroki. Mā tēnei, ka taea te whakahaere i te rere o ngā wā.
E ai ki ngā raraunga a te kāwanatanga ā-rohe o Sichuan, ko te kaha tāuta o ngā teihana hiko puna wai me te kaha ā-wā, me te kaha neke atu i te ture, he iti iho i te 40% o te kaha tāuta katoa o te hiko wai. Mena he take noa te korenga o te hiko i tēnei raumati, ko te korenga o te hiko i te wā maroke i te takurua i Sichuan he āhuatanga noa pea.
Me pēhea te karo i te herenga mana?
He maha ngā taumata o ngā raruraru. Tuatahi, me whakapakari te raruraru ā-wā o te hiko wai i te hanganga o te puna wai matua me te hanganga o te pūnga hiko ngāwari. I runga i ngā here waro ā muri ake nei, kāore pea i te pai te hanga i tētahi teihana hiko wera.
E pā ana ki ngā wheako o Nōwei, he whenua Nordic, e 90% o tōna hiko e tukuna ana e te hiko wai, e kore e whakarite noa i te haumaru me te pumau o te hiko ā-rohe, engari ka taea hoki te whakaputa hiko matomato. Ko te kī ki te angitu kei roto i te hanganga tika o te mākete hiko me te mahi katoa o te kaha whakahaere o te puna wai tonu.
Ki te kore e taea te whakatau i te raruraru o te wā, mai i te tirohanga o te mākete me te ōhanga parakore, he rerekē te hiko wai i te waipuke me te maroke, nō reira me huri noa te utu hiko i te huringa o te tuku me te tono. Ka ngoikore rānei tēnei i te kukume o Sichuan ki ngā umanga e kai nui ana i te hiko?
Ae, kāore e taea te whakawhanui i tēnei. He pūngao ma, he pūngao hou hoki te hiko wai. Ehara i te mea ko te utu hiko anake engari ko tōna uara matomato hoki me whai whakaaro. Heoi anō, ko te raruraru o te nui o te wai me te iti o te wai o te hiko wai ka whakapai ake i muri i te hanganga o te puna wai o Longtou. Ahakoa ka arahi te tauhokohoko mākete ki te piki haere o te utu hiko, kāore e nui te rerekētanga i ngā wā katoa.
Ka taea e tātou te whakahou i ngā ture mō te tuku hiko o waho o Sichuan? I raro i te here o te ture "tango, utu rānei", ki te uru te pūnga hiko ki tētahi wā korekore, ahakoa kāore te rōpū whiwhi hiko e hiahia ana ki te nui o te hiko o waho, me mimiti e ia, ā, ko te mate ka pā ki ngā painga o ngā umanga whakaputa hiko o te kawanatanga.
Nō reira, kāore anō kia puta he ture tino tika, engari kia tika tonu. I raro i te āhuatanga e uaua ana te whakatinana i te "whatunga kotahi ā-motu" mō tētahi wā poto, nā te mākete hiko katoa e tika ana me te iti o ngā rauemi hiko matomato, me whakaaro pea ki te rohe mākete o ngā rohe tuku, kātahi ka mahi tika ngā kaupapa mākete whiwhi ki ngā kaupapa mākete tuku. Mā tēnei, ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te "kore he kore hiko i ngā rohe tuku hiko" me te "hoko hiko i runga i te tono i ngā rohe whiwhi".
Mēnā he nui te kore taurite i waenga i te tuku hiko me te tono, he pai ake te aukati hiko kua whakaritea i te aukati hiko ohorere, hei karo i ngā mate ōhanga nui ake. Ehara te aukati hiko i te whāinga, engari he huarahi hei ārai i ngā aituā whatunga hiko nui ake.
I ngā tau e rua kua pahure ake nei, kua puta whakarere mai te "wehewehenga hiko" i roto i tā tātou tirohanga. E whakaatu ana tēnei kua pahemo te wā hua o te whanaketanga tere o te umanga hiko. I raro i te awe o te maha o ngā āhuatanga, tera pea me aro atu tātou ki tētahi raruraru uaua haere tonu o te taurite o te tuku hiko me te tono.
Ko te aro atu ki ngā take me te whakaoti rapanga mā te whakahounga, te auahatanga hangarau me ētahi atu huarahi te kōwhiringa tika rawa atu hei "whakakore rawa i te here mana" anō.
Wā tuku: 17 o Ākuhata-2022
