Hei pūtake pūngao whakahou tere-tauhohe, ko te mana wai te tikanga he whakahaere i te tihi me te auau i roto i te whatunga hiko, ko te tikanga me mahi ngā waeine mana wai i raro i ngā āhuatanga e rerekē ana i ngā āhuatanga hoahoa. Mā te tātari i te maha o ngā raraunga whakamātautau, ka tohuhia ina mahi te tāpine i raro i ngā āhuatanga kāore i te hoahoa, inā koa i raro i ngā āhuatanga kawenga wāhanga, ka puta he pao kaha i roto i te ngongo hiko o te tāpine. Ko te auau iti o tēnei pao pehanga ka pā kino ki te mahi pumau o te tāpine me te haumaru o te waeine me te awheawhe. Nō reira, kua nui te āwangawanga o te umanga me te ao mātauranga mō te pao pehanga o te ngongo hiko.
Mai i te tīmatanga o te whakaaro mō te pēhanga o te ngongo hiko o te tāwhana i te tau 1940, kua āwangawangahia, kua kōrerohia hoki te take e te tini o ngā tohunga. I tēnei wā, e whakapono ana ngā tohunga ko te pēhanga o te ngongo hiko i raro i ngā āhuatanga kawenga hapa i puta mai i te nekehanga porowhita i roto i te ngongo hiko; ko te noho o te porowhita ka kore e ōrite te tohatoha pēhanga i runga i te wāhanga whakawhiti o te ngongo hiko, ā, me te hurihanga o te whitiki porowhita, ka huri hoki te mara pēhanga kore taurite, ka huri te pēhanga i ia wā, ka hanga he pēhanga. Ko te porowhita porowhita i puta mai i te rere hurihuri i te tomokanga o te ngongo hiko i raro i ngā āhuatanga kawenga hapa (arā, he wāhanga tangential o te tere). I whakahaerehia e te Tari Whakaora o Amerika he rangahau whakamātautau mō te porowhita i roto i te ngongo hiko, ā, i tātarihia te āhua me te whanonga o te porowhita i raro i ngā nekehanga porowhita rerekē. E whakaatu ana ngā hua, ina tae te nekehanga porowhita ki tētahi taumata, ka puta te roopu porowhita porowhita i roto i te ngongo hiko. Ka puta te awhiowhio porowhita i raro i ngā āhuatanga kawenga ā-wāhanga, nō reira, ina kei waenganui i te 0.5 me te 0.85 te tere rere whanaunga (Q/Qd, ko Qd te tere rere o te pūwāhi hoahoa) o te mahi tāpine, ka puta te pao nui o te pēhanga i roto i te ngongo tauira. He iti noa te auau o te wāhanga matua o te pao pēhanga i puta mai i te whitiki awhiowhio, he rite ki te 0.2 ki te 0.4 ngā wā o te auau hurihuri o te kaikawe, ā, ko te iti o te Q/Qd, ko te teitei ake o te auau pao pēhanga. Hei tāpiri, ina puta te cavitation, ka whakanui ake ngā mirumiru hau e puta ana i roto i te awhiowhio i te rahi o te awhiowhio, ā, ka kaha ake te pao pēhanga, ā, ka rerekē anō hoki te auau o te pao pēhanga.
I raro i ngā āhuatanga kawenga ā-wāhanga, ka taea e te pēhanga o te ngongo mimiti te whakararu nui ki te mahi pumau me te haumaru o te waeine hiko wai. Hei pehi i tēnei pēhanga o te mimiti, he maha ngā whakaaro me ngā tikanga kua whakaarohia, pērā i te tāuta i ngā tara ki te pakitara o te ngongo mimiti me te whakaputa hau ki roto i te ngongo mimiti he rua ngā tikanga whai hua. I whakamahia e Nishi me ētahi atu ngā tikanga whakamātautau me ngā tikanga tau hei ako i te pānga o ngā tara ki te pēhanga o te ngongo mimiti, tae atu ki ngā pānga o ngā momo tara rerekē, ngā pānga o te maha o ngā tara me ō rātou tūranga tāutanga. E whakaatu ana ngā hua ka taea e te tāutanga o ngā tara te whakaiti i te rerekētanga o te awhiowhio me te whakaiti i te pēhanga o te mimiti. I kitea anō e Dmitry me ētahi atu ka taea e te tāutanga o ngā tara te whakaiti i te kaha o te pēhanga o te mimiti mā te 30% ki te 40%. Ko te hauhautanga mai i te kōhao waenga o te pou matua ki te ngongo mimiti he tikanga whai hua anō hoki hei pehi i te pēhanga o te mimiti. Ko te nui o te rerekētanga o te awhiowhio. Hei tāpiri, ko Nishi me ētahi atu... i ngana hoki ki te whakapūhau i te ngongo hiko mā roto i ngā kōhao iti i te mata o te tara, ā, i kitea ka taea e tēnei tikanga te pehi i te pēhanga o te hau, ā, he iti rawa te nui o te hau e hiahiatia ana ina kore e taea e te tara te mahi.
Wā tuku: Akuhata-09-2022
