Kua whakamōhiotia e mātou i mua ko te tāpine waipēhi e wehea ana ki te tāpine pānga me te tāpine pānga. I whakamōhiotia anō hoki i mua te whakarōpūtanga me te teitei o te pane e tika ana mō ngā tāpine pānga. Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā tāpine pānga ki: ngā tāpine peere, ngā tāpine pānga whakarara me ngā tāpine pāwhiri-rua, ka whakamōhiotia i raro nei.
Kei roto tonu i te āhuarangi te kaiārahi o te tāpine impingement, ā, kua hurihia te rere o te wai pēhanga teitei mai i te penstock hei jet kore utu tere-rahi i mua i te urunga ki te tāpine. Ka rerekē, ā, ka whakawhitia te nuinga o tōna pūngao nekeneke ki ngā vanes, ka huri te kaiārahi. I te wā katoa o te tukanga o te jet e pā ana ki te impeller, ka noho tonu te pēhanga i roto i te jet kāore i tino rerekē, arā, he pēhanga āhuarangi.
Tāpine peere: e mōhiotia ana ko te tāpine kutikuti, e whakaaturia ana i te pikitia. Ka pā te pupuhi kore utu tere-teitei mai i te pūwero ki ngā vane poutū i te taha o te porowhita o te kaiārahi. He pai tēnei momo tāpine mō ngā teihana hiko wai he teitei te upoko me te iti o te rere, inā koa ka neke ake te upoko i te 400m, nā te iti o te kaha hanganga me te cavitation, kāore e pai te tāpine Francis, ā, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te tāpine momo peere. Ko te upoko wai e whakamahia ana o te tāpine peere nui he tata ki te 300-1700m, ā, ko te upoko wai e whakamahia ana o te tāpine momo peere iti he tata ki te 40-250m. I tēnei wā, ko te upoko mōrahi o te tāpine peere kua whakamahia i te 1767m (Teihana Hiko o Austria Lesek), ā, ko te upoko hoahoa o te tāpine peere o te Teihana Hiko o Tianhu i tōku whenua he 1022.4m.
Tāpine momo piko
Ka tomo te pupuhi kore utu mai i te pūwero ki te vane mai i tetahi taha o te kaikawe, ā, ka puta atu i te vane mai i tetahi taha i te ahunga e anga ana ki te papa hurihuri o te kaikawe. Ki te whakatauritea ki te momo peere, he nui ake tōna puhaketanga, engari he iti ake te whai huatanga, nō reira ka whakamahia whānuitia tēnei momo tāpine i roto i ngā teihana hiko wai iti me te rahi, ā, ko te upoko e tika ana ko te 20-300m.
tāwhana pāwhiri-rua
E rua ngā wā ka pā te pupuhi o te pūwero ki ngā mata o te kaikawe. He māmā noa te hanganga o tēnei momo tāpine, ā, he ngāwari hoki te hanga, engari he iti te pai o te mahi, ā, he ngoikore te kaha o te mata o te kaikawe. He pai anake mō ngā teihana hiko wai iti kāore e neke atu i te 1000kW te putanga kotahi, ā, ko te nuinga o te wā ko te 5-100m te teitei o te wai e tika ana.
Koinei ngā whakarōpūtanga o ngā tāpine pānga. Ki te whakaritea ki ngā tāpine pānga, he iti ake ngā momo tāpine pānga. Heoi, i ngā wāhi he nui te rerekētanga o te wai, he pai ake te whai hua o ngā tāpine pānga, pērā i te awa o Yarlung Zangbo i tōku whenua, e neke atu ana te hekenga i te 2,000 mita, ā, he mea koretake te hanga i ngā tāke i te wā kotahi. Nō reira, ko te tāpine pānga te whiringa pai rawa atu.
Wā tuku: Hurae-28-2022
