Ko te tāpine wai, ko ngā tāpine Kaplan, Pelton, me Francis ngā mea e tino kitea ana, he mīhini hurihuri nui e mahi ana ki te huri i te pūngao nekeneke me te pūngao pūmanawa ki te hiko wai. Neke atu i te 135 tau te whakamahinga o ēnei momo rite o te wira wai mō te whakaputa hiko ahumahi, ā, nō nā tata nei te whakaputa hiko wai.
He aha ngā mahi a ngā tāpine wai i ēnei rā?
I ēnei rā, e 16% o te whakaputa hiko o te ao e whai wāhi ana ki te hiko wai. I te rautau 19, i whakamahia nuitia ngā tāwhana wai mō te hiko ahumahi i mua i te horapa o ngā whatunga hiko. I tēnei wā, e whakamahia ana ēnei mō te whakaputa hiko, ā, ka kitea i roto i ngā tāpua, i ngā wāhi rānei e nui ana te rere o te wai.
I te tere o te pikinga o te hiahia mō te pūngao o te ao, me ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te huringa āhuarangi me te hekenga o ngā wahie pūmua, ka taea e te hiko wai te whai pānga nui hei momo pūngao matomato puta noa i te ao. I te haere tonu o te rapu i ngā pūtake hiko e pai ana ki te taiao, e ma ana hoki, tera pea ka waiho ngā tāpine Francis hei otinga tino rongonui, ā, ka piki haere te whakamahinga i ngā tau e haere ake nei.
Me pēhea te whakaputa hiko mai i ngā tāpine wai?
Ko te pēhanga wai e puta mai ana i te wai e rere ana i te taiao, i te wai rānei e rere ana i te hanga, koia te pūtake pūngao mō ngā tāwhana wai. Ka hopukina tēnei pūngao, ka hurihia hei hiko wai. Ko te tikanga, ka whakamahia e te tipu hiko wai he tāwhana i runga i te awa ora hei penapena wai. Kātahi ka tukuna te wai i roto i ngā wāhanga iti, ka rere mā roto i te tāwhana, ka hurihia, ka whakahohe i tētahi miihini whakaputa hiko e whakaputa ana i te hiko.
Kia Pēhea te Rahi o ngā Tāpine Wai?
I runga i te pane e whakahaerehia ana, ka taea te whakarōpū i ngā tāwhana wai ki te pane teitei, te pane waenga, me te pane iti. He nui ake ngā pūnaha hiko wai pane iti, nā te mea me nui te tāwhana wai kia eke ki te tere rere teitei, ā, ka whakamahia te pēhanga wai iti puta noa i ngā mata. Waihoki, kāore e hiahiatia e ngā pūnaha hiko wai pane teitei tētahi porowhita mata nui, nā te mea ka whakamahia hei whakamahi i te pūngao mai i ngā puna wai tere haere.
He tūtohi e whakamārama ana i te rahi o ngā wāhanga rerekē o te pūnaha hiko wai tae atu ki te tāpine wai
He tūtohi e whakamārama ana i te rahi o ngā wāhanga rerekē o te pūnaha hiko wai tae atu ki te tāpine wai
Kei raro nei, ka whakamāramahia e mātou ētahi tauira o ngā momo tāpine wai rerekē e whakamahia ana mō ngā tono rerekē me te pēhanga wai.
Kaplan Turbine (Upoko Pēhanga 0-60m)
E mōhiotia ana ēnei tāpine he tāpine tauhohenga rere axial, nā te mea ka whakarerekētia e rātou te pēhanga o te wai i a ia e rere ana i roto. He rite te tāpine Kaplan ki te poroporo, ā, he mata whakarerekē hei whakanui ake i te whai huatanga i runga i te whānuitanga o te wai me te pēhanga.
He hoahoa tāpoi Kaplan
Tāpine Pelton (300m-1600m te pane pēhanga)
Ko te tāpine Pelton—te wira Pelton rānei—e mōhiotia ana ko te tāpine e tango ana i te kaha mai i te wai e neke ana. He pai tēnei tāpine mō ngā tono pane teitei, nā te mea he nui te pēhanga wai e hiahiatia ana hei whakamahi i te kaha ki runga i ngā peere ahua-pūnu, ā, ka huri te kōpae me te whakaputa hiko.
Tāpine Pelton
Tāpine Francis (Upoko Pēhanga 60m-300m)
Ko te tāpine wai whakamutunga, ko te tāpine Francis, e 60% o te mana wai o te ao e whakamahia ana. He tāpine pānga me te tauhohenga e mahi ana i te pane waenga, ka whakakotahi te tāpine Francis i ngā ariā rere tuaka me te rere radial. Mā te mahi i tēnei, ka whakakīia e te tāpine te āputa i waenga i ngā tāpine pane teitei me te pane iti, ka hangaia he hoahoa whai hua ake, ā, ka werohia ngā kaihangarau o ēnei rā ki te whakapai ake i a ia.
Ina koa, ka whakahaerehia e te tāpine Francis te wai e rere ana i roto i te anga porowhita ki roto i ngā whao ārahi (pūmau) e whakahaere ana i te rere o te wai ki ngā mata o te oma (e neke ana). Ka akiakihia te oma e te wai kia huri i roto i te pānga me te tauhohenga o ngā kaha, ā, ka puta atu i te oma mā roto i te ngongo tauira e tuku ana i te rere o te wai ki te taiao o waho.
Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i tētahi hoahoa mō te mīhini wai?
Ko te whiriwhiri i te hoahoa tāpine tino pai ka whakawhirinaki ki tētahi mea; te nui o te upoko me te tere rere e taea ana e koe. Kia whakatauhia e koe te momo pēhanga wai ka taea e koe te whakamahi, ka taea e koe te whakatau mēnā he pai ake te "hoahoa tāpine tauhohenga" kua kati pēnei i te tāpine Francis, he "hoahoa tāpine impulse" tuwhera rānei, pēnei i te tāpine Pelton.
Te hoahoa tāpoi wai
Hei whakamutunga, ka taea e koe te whakarite i te tere hurihuri e hiahiatia ana o te miihini hiko e whakaarohia ana e koe.
Te wā tuku: Hōngongoi-15-2022
