I roto i te ao kanorau o te hiko wai, mai i ngā tāhuna nui ki ngā pico-turbine iti, kua roa te noho a te tāhuna Francis hei hoahoa tino maha ngā whakamahinga me te whānui o te whakamahinga. He pono rawa tēnei i roto i te rāngai iti ki te rahi waenga, kei reira te tāhuna Francis 100kW e tū ana hei hoiho mahi pakari me te tino whai hua, he tino pai mō te whakamahi i te mana o ngā awa me ngā manga hei whakaputa hiko ā-motuhake.
He tāpine tauhohe te tāpine Francis 100kW, arā, ka mahi katoa i roto i te wai, ā, ka whakamahia te pēhanga me te tere o te wai hei whakaputa i te pūngao hurihuri. He rerekētanga matua tēnei mai i ngā tāpine hiko pēnei i te wira Pelton, e whakamahi ana i te pūngao nekeneke o te wai. Ko te ingoa "100kW" e tohu ana i tōna putanga hiko kua whakatauria—he nui hei whakakaha tonu i te 80-100 kāinga toharite o Amerika, he nui tēnei mō tētahi hapori tūmatanui, mō tētahi ahumahi iti, mō tētahi mahi ahuwhenua rānei.
He mea whakamiharo te hoahoa o te tāpine Francis i roto i te hangarau waipēhi. Ka arahina te wai ki roto i tētahi anga porowhita, e mōhiotia ana ko te volute, e tohatoha ōrite ana i te rere huri noa i te tāpine. Kātahi ka haere te wai mā roto i tētahi mowhiti o ngā vane ārahi pumau, ngā kuaha wicket rānei. Ka taea te whakarite i ēnei vane, e āhei ai te kaiwhakahaere ki te whakahaere i te nui me te koki o te rere o te wai e tomo ana ki te oma, kia tino whai hua ai te tāpine i raro i ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te rere o te wai me te pēhanga (upoko). Ko te ngākau o te tāpine ko te oma, he raupapa o ngā mata piko āta e mau ana i waenganui i ngā mowhiti e rua. I a te wai e neke ana i roto i ēnei ara piko, ka whakawhitihia tōna kaha, ka meinga te oma kia hurihuri. Kātahi ka puta te wai mā roto i tētahi ngongo hiko, e āwhina ana ki te whakahoki mai i te pēhanga me te whakanui ake i te whai huatanga.
Ko te whakatauranga 100kW he mea tino pai ki tētahi whānuitanga o ngā āhuatanga wai. I te nuinga o te wā, ka mahi pai tētahi tāpine o tēnei rahi i raro i tētahi pane waenga—mai i te 20 ki te 150 mita—me te tere rere waenga. Nā tēnei he kōwhiringa pai rawa atu mō ngā rohe pukepuke, maunga rānei e wātea ana he hekenga poutū e ranea ana. Ko tōna kaha ki te pupuri i te pai o te mahi (neke atu i te 90%) puta noa i ngā whānuitanga o ngā rerenga nā ōna whana ārahi whakarerekē he painga matua.
He maha ngā whakamahinga o te tāwhana Francis 100kW. Koinei te pou tuara o ngā kaupapa hiko iti me te hiko wai iti, e whakarato ana i te hiko pono, whakahou, me te iti o te tiaki ki ngā hapori kei waho o te hiko. Ka whakamahia hoki ēnei i roto i ngā tipu ahumahi iti, ngā pūnaha whakamakuku, tae atu ki te wāhanga o ngā pūnaha whakaheke i runga i ngā awa nui e tāutahia ana ngā tāwhana maha ki ngā wāhi rerekē.
Hei whakamutunga, ko te tāwhana Francis 100kW te mea tino pai i roto i te hangarau hiko wai. He huarahi kua whakamātauhia, pono, ā, tino whai hua hoki hei huri i te pūngao taiao o te wai e heke ana ki te hiko whai hua. Mō ngā kaupapa he āhua waenga te upoko me te rere, he kōwhiringa tino pai tonu, e whakakotahi ana i ngā mātāpono o ngā rautau o te hihiri wai me ngā rauemi hou me te hangarau hei tuku hiko ma mō ngā tekau tau.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-03-2025
