Cov dej hauv qhov xwm txheej txhua tus muaj qee qhov kev nqes hav. Cov dej ntws raws tus dej hauv qab qhov kev ua ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus. Dej ntawm qhov siab siab muaj ntau lub zog muaj peev xwm. Nrog kev pab ntawm cov qauv hydraulic thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, lub zog ntawm cov dej tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, uas yog, kev tsim hluav taws xob. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm hydropower tiam yog peb electromagnetic induction, uas yog, thaum ib tug neeg xyuas pib txiav cov magnetic flux kab nyob rau hauv ib tug magnetic teb, nws yuav tsim tam sim no. Ntawm lawv, "kev txav" ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib hauv qhov chaw sib nqus yog ua tiav los ntawm cov dej ntws cuam tshuam rau lub turbine los hloov dej zog rau hauv kev sib hloov tshuab; thiab cov magnetic teb yog yuav luag ib txwm tsim los ntawm excitation tam sim no generated los ntawm excitation system ntws los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob rotor winding, uas yog, cov hlau nplaum yog tsim los ntawm hluav taws xob.
1. Dab tsi yog qhov excitation system? Txhawm rau kom paub txog lub zog hloov pauv, lub tshuab hluav taws xob synchronous xav tau DC magnetic teb, thiab DC tam sim no uas tsim cov hlau nplaum no hu ua excitation tam sim no ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Feem ntau, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov hlau nplaum hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob rotor raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm electromagnetic induction hu ua excitation. Lub excitation system yog hais txog cov khoom siv uas muab cov excitation tam sim no rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob synchronous. Nws yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob synchronous. Nws feem ntau muaj ob qhov tseem ceeb: lub zog excitation thiab lub excitation regulator. Lub zog excitation muab excitation tam sim no rau lub synchronous generator rotor, thiab lub excitation regulator tswj cov zis ntawm lub excitation zog unit raws li input teeb liab thiab cov kev cai muab.
2. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm excitation system Lub excitation system muaj cov haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv qab no: (1) Raws li kev ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj, nws muab lub tshuab hluav taws xob excitation tam sim no, thiab kho cov excitation tam sim no raws li txoj cai lij choj raws li lub tshuab hluav taws xob qhov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv thauj khoom kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg voltage. Vim li cas thiaj muaj peev xwm tswj tau qhov hluav taws xob ruaj khov los ntawm kev kho qhov kev tawm dag zog tam sim no? Muaj ib qho kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov induced peev xwm (xws li tsis muaj peev xwm load) Ed ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob stator winding, lub davhlau ya nyob twg voltage Ug, lub reactive load tam sim no Ir ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob, thiab longitudinal synchronous reactance Xd:
Lub induced muaj peev xwm Ed yog proportional rau lub magnetic flux, thiab cov magnetic flux nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm excitation tam sim no. Thaum lub excitation tam sim no tseem tsis hloov, cov hlau nplaum flux thiab induced muaj peev xwm Ed nyob twj ywm unchanged. Los ntawm cov qauv saum toj no, nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias qhov hluav taws xob davhlau ya nyob twg ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob yuav txo qis nrog qhov nce ntawm reactive tam sim no. Txawm li cas los xij, txhawm rau ua kom tau raws li tus neeg siv cov kev xav tau ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob, lub davhlau ya nyob twg voltage ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob yuav tsum nyob twj ywm tsis hloov pauv. Obviously, txoj hauv kev kom ua tiav qhov kev xav tau no yog los kho qhov excitation tam sim no ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob raws li qhov hloov pauv tam sim no Ir (uas yog, qhov hloov pauv). (2) Raws li cov xwm txheej thauj khoom, qhov excitation tam sim no raug kho raws li txoj cai muab los kho lub zog reactive. Vim li cas thiaj yuav tsum tau kho lub zog reactive? Ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob ua haujlwm raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm electromagnetic induction, xws li transformers, motors, vuam tshuab, thiab lwm yam. Lawv txhua tus cia siab rau kev tsim ib qho chaw sib nqus sib nqus los hloov thiab hloov lub zog. Lub zog hluav taws xob xav tau los tsim kom muaj qhov sib nqus sib nqus thiab ua kom cov hlau nplaum sib nqus hu ua reactive zog. Tag nrho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nrog electromagnetic coils siv lub zog reactive los tsim ib qho chaw sib nqus. Yog tsis muaj zog reactive, lub cev muaj zog yuav tsis tig, lub transformer yuav tsis muaj peev xwm hloov voltage, thiab ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav tsis ua haujlwm. Yog li ntawd, lub zog reactive yog los ntawm tsis muaj txhais tau tias tsis muaj zog. Raws li ib txwm muaj, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis yog tsuas yog tau txais lub zog hluav taws xob los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob, tab sis kuj yuav tsum tau txais lub zog reactive los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Yog tias lub zog reactive nyob rau hauv daim phiaj hluav taws xob tsis txaus, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav tsis muaj lub zog reactive txaus los tsim ib qho chaw electromagnetic. Tom qab ntawd cov khoom siv hluav taws xob no tsis tuaj yeem tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm, thiab qhov hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav poob, yog li cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau kho lub zog reactive raws li qhov tseeb load, thiab lub reactive fais fab tso zis los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob muaj feem xyuam rau qhov loj ntawm lub excitation tam sim no. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb yuav tsis raug piav qhia ntawm no. (3) Thaum muaj xwm txheej luv luv tshwm sim hauv lub zog hluav taws xob lossis lwm yam laj thawj ua rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob qhov hluav taws xob qhov hluav taws xob poob qis, lub tshuab hluav taws xob tuaj yeem raug yuam kom zoo siab los txhim kho lub zog ruaj khov ntawm lub zog thiab qhov tseeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv relay. (4) Thaum lub tshuab hluav taws xob overvoltage tshwm sim vim kev thauj khoom sai sai thiab lwm yam laj thawj, lub tshuab hluav taws xob tuaj yeem raug quab yuam demagnetized los txwv qhov kev nce siab ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob davhlau ya nyob twg voltage. (5) Txhim kho qhov ruaj khov zoo li qub ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob. (6) Thaum ib theem-rau-theem luv luv Circuit Court tshwm sim hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab ntawm nws cov hlau lead lossis lub tshuab hluav taws xob qhov hluav taws xob qhov hluav taws xob siab dhau lawm, demagnetization tau ua sai sai los txwv qhov kev nthuav dav ntawm kev sib tsoo. (7) Lub zog reactive ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob sib txuas tuaj yeem faib tau tsim nyog.
3. Kev faib tawm ntawm cov tshuab excitation Raws li txoj kev uas lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau txais cov excitation tam sim no (uas yog, cov txheej txheem ntawm excitation fais fab mov), lub excitation system yuav muab faib ua excitation excitation thiab self-excitation: lub excitation tam sim no tau los ntawm lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob yog hu ua excitation sab nraud; cov excitation tam sim no tau los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob nws tus kheej yog hu ua tus kheej excitation. Raws li txoj kev rectification, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua rotary excitation thiab static excitation. Qhov zoo li qub excitation system tsis muaj lub tshuab excitation tshwj xeeb. Yog tias nws tau txais lub zog excitation los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob nws tus kheej, nws yog hu ua self-excitation static excitation. Self-excitation zoo li qub excitation tuaj yeem muab faib ua nws tus kheej-parallel excitation thiab nws tus kheej-compounding excitation.
Txoj kev excitation feem ntau yog tus kheej-parallel excitation static excitation, raws li qhia hauv daim duab hauv qab no. Nws tau txais lub zog excitation los ntawm lub rectifier transformer txuas nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob qhov hluav taws xob, thiab muab lub tshuab hluav taws xob excitation tam sim no tom qab rectification.
Hlau daim duab ntawm tus kheej-parallel excitation zoo li qub rectifier excitation system
Tus kheej-parallel excitation static excitation system feem ntau muaj cov hauv qab no: excitation transformer, rectifier, demagnetization ntaus ntawv, tswj tswj thiab overvoltage tiv thaiv ntaus ntawv. Cov tsib ntu no ua tiav cov haujlwm hauv qab no:
(1) Excitation transformer: Txo qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub tshuab kawg mus rau qhov hluav taws xob sib piv cov rectifier.
(2) Rectifier: Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tag nrho cov kab ke. Peb-theem txuas txuas txuas txuas txuas feem ntau yog siv los ua kom tiav txoj haujlwm hloov pauv ntawm AC mus rau DC.
(3) Demagnetization ntaus ntawv: Cov cuab yeej demagnetization muaj ob ntu, uas yog qhov hloov pauv demagnetization thiab demagnetization resistor. Cov cuab yeej no yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev demagnetization sai ntawm chav tsev thaum muaj xwm txheej.
(4) Kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm: Cov cuab yeej tswj hwm ntawm lub zog excitation hloov cov excitation tam sim no los ntawm kev tswj lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub thyristor ntawm cov khoom siv rectifier kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tswj lub zog reactive thiab voltage ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob.
(5) Kev tiv thaiv overvoltage: Thaum lub tshuab hluav taws xob rotor Circuit Court muaj overvoltage, lub Circuit Court yog qhib kom siv lub zog overvoltage, txwv tus nqi overvoltage, thiab tiv thaiv lub tshuab hluav taws xob rotor winding thiab nws cov khoom txuas.
Qhov zoo ntawm tus kheej-parallel excitation static excitation system yog: cov qauv yooj yim, cov cuab yeej siv tsawg, kev nqis peev tsawg thiab kev saib xyuas tsawg dua. Qhov tsis zoo yog tias thaum lub tshuab hluav taws xob lossis lub kaw lus luv luv, qhov excitation tam sim no yuav ploj los yog poob zoo heev, thaum lub sijhawm excitation tam sim no yuav tsum tau nce ntau (piv txwv li yuam excitation) nyob rau lub sijhawm no. Txawm li cas los xij, xav tias cov chav loj niaj hnub no feem ntau siv cov busbars kaw, thiab cov kab hluav taws xob siab hluav taws xob feem ntau yog nruab nrog kev tiv thaiv sai thiab muaj kev ntseeg siab, cov chav nyob siv txoj kev excitation no nce, thiab qhov no kuj yog txoj kev excitation tau pom zoo los ntawm cov kev cai thiab cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb. 4. Fais braking ntawm chav tsev Thaum lub tsev yog unloaded thiab kaw, ib feem ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab zog yog khaws cia vim lub loj loj rotational inertia ntawm lub rotor. Ib feem ntawm lub zog no tsuas tuaj yeem nres tag nrho tom qab nws hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv kev sib txhuam kub lub zog ntawm cov kabmob thrust, coj cov kabmob thiab huab cua. Txij li thaum qhov kev sib txhuam poob ntawm huab cua yog proportional rau lub square ntawm linear tshaj tawm ntawm lub voj voog, lub rotor ceev poob sai heev thaum xub thawj, thiab tom qab ntawd nws yuav tsis ua haujlwm ntev ntawm qhov ceev ceev. Thaum lub tsev ua haujlwm ntev ntev ntawm qhov qis qis, lub pob thrust yuav kub hnyiab tau vim tias cov roj zaj duab xis ntawm daim iav phaj hauv qab lub taub hau thiab cov kabmob tsis tuaj yeem tsim. Vim li no, thaum lub sij hawm kaw, thaum lub ceev ntawm chav tsev poob mus rau ib tug tej yam teev nqi, lub chav tsev braking system yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv kev siv. Chav tsev braking tau muab faib ua hluav taws xob braking, mechanical braking thiab ua ke braking. Hluav taws xob braking yog luv luv-circuit peb-theem generator stator ntawm lub tshuab kawg qhov hluav taws xob tom qab lub tshuab hluav taws xob yog decoupled thiab demagnetized, thiab tos rau chav tsev ceev kom poob mus txog 50% mus rau 60% ntawm qhov ntsuas ceev. Los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov laj thawj, lub zog braking yog muab, thiab cov excitation regulator hloov mus rau lub fais braking hom ntxiv excitation tam sim no rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob rotor winding. Vim tias lub tshuab hluav taws xob tig, lub stator induces luv luv-circuit tam sim no nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm rotor magnetic teb. Lub electromagnetic torque generated tsuas yog opposite rau inertial kev taw qhia ntawm lub rotor, uas plays lub luag hauj lwm braking. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm realizing fais braking, lub braking fais fab mov yuav tsum tau muab externally, uas yog ze ze rau lub ntsiab Circuit Court qauv ntawm lub excitation system. Ntau txoj hauv kev kom tau txais hluav taws xob nres excitation fais fab mov muaj nyob rau hauv daim duab hauv qab no.
Ntau txoj hauv kev kom tau txais hluav taws xob nres excitation fais fab mov
Nyob rau hauv thawj txoj kev, lub excitation ntaus ntawv yog ib tug self-parallel excitation thaiv txoj kev. Thaum lub tshuab kawg yog luv luv, lub excitation transformer tsis muaj fais fab mov. Lub braking fais fab mov yog los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb nres transformer, thiab lub nres transformer yog txuas nrog cov nroj tsuag zog. Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, feem ntau cov dej siv hluav taws xob siv ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm tus kheej excitation zoo li qub rectifier excitation system, thiab nws yog kev lag luam ntau dua los siv tus choj rectifier rau lub zog excitation thiab lub zog nres hluav taws xob. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev no tau txais cov hluav taws xob nres excitation fais fab mov yog ntau dua. Lub zog braking workflow ntawm txoj kev no yog raws li nram no:
(1) Lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tau qhib thiab lub kaw lus raug txiav tawm.
(2) Lub rotor winding yog demagnetized.
(3) Lub hwj chim hloov nyob rau sab thib ob ntawm lub excitation transformer yog qhib.
(4) Lub tsev hluav taws xob nres luv-circuit hloov tau raug kaw.
(5) Lub hwj chim hloov nyob rau sab thib ob ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob raug kaw.
(6) Lub rectifier choj thyristor tau ua rau kev coj ua, thiab lub tsev nkag mus rau lub zog nres hluav taws xob.
(7) Thaum qhov ceev ntawm chav tsev yog xoom, hluav taws xob nres raug tso tawm (yog tias siv cov braking sib xyaw, thaum qhov ceev nce mus txog 5% mus rau 10% ntawm qhov ntsuas ceev, kev siv tshuab braking yog siv). 5. Intelligent excitation system Intelligent hydropower plant yog hais txog lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob lossis chaw nres tsheb hydropower nrog cov ntaub ntawv digitization, kev sib txuas lus sib txuas lus, kev sib koom ua qauv, kev sib koom ua lag luam, kev ua haujlwm zoo, thiab kev txiav txim siab ntse. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntse ntse tau muab faib ua cov txheej txheem txheej txheem, txheej txheej chav tsev, thiab chaw nres tsheb tswj txheej, siv 3-txheej 2-txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej (GOOSE network, SV network) thiab chaw nres tsheb txheej txheej network (MMS network). Intelligent hydropower nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov cuab yeej ntse. Raws li lub hauv paus tswj system ntawm hydro-turbine generator teeb, thev naus laus zis txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub excitation system plays lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim kho ntawm ntse hydropower nroj tsuag.
Hauv cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob ntse, ntxiv rau kev ua tiav cov haujlwm tseem ceeb xws li pib thiab nres lub tshuab hluav taws xob turbine, nce thiab txo qis reactive zog, thiab kev kaw thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, lub excitation system kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua tau raws li IEC61850 cov ntaub ntawv qauv thiab kev sib txuas lus, thiab txhawb kev sib txuas lus nrog chaw nres tsheb tswj txheej network (MMS network) thiab OSE txheej txheem network (SV) network thiab txheej txheem network. Cov cuab yeej excitation system yog teem rau ntawm chav tsev txheej ntawm lub ntse hydropower chaw nres tsheb system qauv, thiab lub merging unit, ntse davhlau ya nyob twg, pab tswj chav tsev thiab lwm yam khoom siv los yog cov cuab yeej ntse yog teem rau ntawm txheej txheej txheem. Lub system qauv yog qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab hauv qab no.
Intelligent excitation system
Lub khoos phis tawj tswj hwm ntawm chaw nres tsheb tswj txheej ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob ntse ntse ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm IEC61850 tus qauv kev sib txuas lus, thiab xa cov teeb liab ntawm qhov kev tawm dag zog rau lub tshuab computer ntawm kev saib xyuas los ntawm MMS network. Lub ntse excitation system yuav tsum tuaj yeem txuas nrog GOOSE network thiab SV network keyboards los sau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm txheej txheej txheej txheem. Cov txheej txheem txheej txheem xav kom cov ntaub ntawv tso tawm los ntawm CT, PT thiab cov khoom hauv zos yog tag nrho hauv daim ntawv digital. CT thiab PT yog txuas nrog lub merging unit (electronic transformers yog txuas nrog optical cables, thiab electromagnetic transformers yog txuas nrog cables). Tom qab cov ntaub ntawv tam sim no thiab voltage yog digitized, lawv txuas nrog SV network hloov ntawm optical cables. Cov khoom siv hauv zos yuav tsum tau txuas nrog lub davhlau ya nyob twg ntse ntawm cov cables, thiab qhov hloov pauv lossis analog teeb liab tau hloov mus rau hauv cov teeb liab digital thiab xa mus rau GOOSE network hloov ntawm optical cables. Tam sim no, lub excitation system tau pib qhov kev sib txuas lus ua haujlwm nrog chaw nres tsheb tswj txheej MMS network thiab txheej txheem txheej GOOSE / SV network. Ntxiv nrog rau kev ua kom tau raws li kev sib txuas lus hauv network ntawm IEC61850 tus qauv kev sib txuas lus, lub tshuab ua kom zoo siab yuav tsum muaj kev saib xyuas hauv online, kev kuaj xyuas qhov yuam kev thiab kev sim ua haujlwm yooj yim thiab kev saib xyuas. Qhov kev ua tau zoo thiab kev siv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom siv ua haujlwm ntse ntse excitation yuav tsum tau sim hauv kev siv engineering tiag tiag yav tom ntej.
Post lub sij hawm: Oct-09-2024
