Cov Caij Nyoog Siv Hluav Taws Xob Rov Ua Dua Tshiab hauv Uzbekistan: Lub Peev Xwm thiab Kev Cia Siab ntawm Cov Chaw Tsim Hluav Taws Xob Hydropower

Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev thawb thoob ntiaj teb rau kev daws teeb meem lub zog ruaj khov, Uzbekistan tau ua pov thawj tias muaj peev xwm loj heev hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob rov ua dua tshiab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv hydropower, ua tsaug rau nws cov peev txheej dej ntau.

Cov peev txheej dej ntawm Uzbekistan muaj ntau heev, suav nrog cov dej khov, cov dej ntws, cov pas dej, cov pas dej khaws dej, cov dej hla ciam teb, thiab cov dej hauv av. Raws li kev xam pom tseeb los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij hauv zos, lub peev xwm ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm cov dej ntws hauv lub tebchaws ncav cuag 88.5 billion kWh txhua xyoo, thaum lub peev xwm ua tau yog 27.4 billion kWh ib xyoos, nrog rau lub peev xwm teeb tsa ntau dua 8 lab kW. Ntawm cov no, tus dej Pskem hauv xeev Tashkent sawv tawm ua "lub zog hluav taws xob muaj nqis," nrog rau lub peev xwm teeb tsa ua tau ntawm 1.324 lab kW, suav txog 45.3% ntawm Uzbekistan cov peev txheej hydropower muaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov dej xws li To'polondaryo, Chatqol, thiab Sangardak kuj muaj lub peev xwm tsim hluav taws xob tseem ceeb.

Kev tsim kho hluav taws xob hauv Uzbekistan muaj keeb kwm ntev. Txij li thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 1, 1926, lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob thawj zaug hauv lub tebchaws, Bo'zsuv GES – 1, tau pib ua haujlwm nrog lub peev xwm teeb tsa ntawm 4,000 kW. Lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob loj tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws, Chorvoq Hydropower Plant, maj mam pib ua haujlwm ntawm xyoo 1970 thiab 1972. Nws lub peev xwm teeb tsa tau hloov kho los ntawm 620,500 kW mus rau 666,000 kW tom qab kev kho kom niaj hnub. Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 2023, tag nrho cov peev xwm teeb tsa hluav taws xob hauv Uzbekistan tau mus txog 2.415 lab kW, suav txog kwv yees li 30% ntawm nws lub peev xwm ua tau. Xyoo 2022, tag nrho cov hluav taws xob tsim tawm ntawm Uzbekistan yog 74.3 billion kWh, nrog rau lub zog rov ua dua tshiab tau pab txhawb 6.94 billion kWh. Ntawm qhov no, hluav taws xob tsim tawm 6.5 billion kWh, suav txog 8.75% ntawm tag nrho cov hluav taws xob tsim tawm thiab tswj hwm kev tsim hluav taws xob rov ua dua tshiab nrog 93.66% feem. Txawm li cas los xij, muab lub teb chaws lub peev xwm ua tau hydropower ntawm 27.4 billion kWh ib xyoos, tsuas yog kwv yees li 23% tau siv, qhia txog cov cib fim loj hlob hauv lub sector.

Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, Uzbekistan tau ua haujlwm nquag nrhiav kev tsim kho hydropower, pib ntau qhov project. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 2023, Uzbekhydroenergo tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus (MOU) nrog Zhejiang Jinlun Electromechanical Industry rau kev sib koom ua ke cov khoom siv hydropower me me. Thaum Lub Rau Hli ntawm tib lub xyoo, tau pom zoo nrog China Southern Power Grid International los tsim peb lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob hydropower. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum Lub Xya Hli 2023, Uzbek Hydrogenergo tau tshaj tawm kev sib tw rau kev tsim kho tsib lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob hydropower tshiab nrog tag nrho lub peev xwm ntawm 46.6 MW, xav tias yuav tsim tau 179 lab kWh txhua xyoo ntawm tus nqi ntawm $ 106.9 lab. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 2023, Uzbekistan thiab Tajikistan tau koom ua ke pib ib qhov project los tsim ob lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob hydropower ntawm Zeravshan River. Theem thawj zaug suav nrog 140 MW Yavan Hydropower Plant, xav tau kev nqis peev ntawm $ 282 lab thiab kwv yees tias yuav tsim tau 700–800 lab kWh txhua xyoo. Muaj kev npaj yuav tsim lub zog fais fab 135 MW tom qab ntawd ntawm tus dej Fandarya, nrog rau kev nqis peev kwv yees li ntawm $ 270 lab thiab muaj peev xwm tsim hluav taws xob txhua xyoo ntawm 500–600 lab kWh. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 2024, Uzbekistan tau tshaj tawm nws txoj kev npaj tsim hluav taws xob hydropower, tsom mus rau lub peev xwm teeb tsa ntawm 6 GW los ntawm 2030. Qhov kev pib ua haujlwm loj no suav nrog kev tsim kho tshiab thiab kev siv zog niaj hnub, sib haum nrog lub teb chaws txoj kev npaj hluav taws xob rov ua dua tshiab kom nce cov hluav taws xob ntsuab feem ntau mus rau 40% ntawm tag nrho cov qauv hluav taws xob los ntawm 2030.

Txhawm rau kom txhawb nqa kev lag luam hydropower ntxiv, tsoomfwv Uzbekistan tau siv cov cai txhawb nqa thiab cov txheej txheem kev cai. Cov phiaj xwm tsim kho hydropower raug cai thiab kho kom zoo tas li los teb rau kev nce qib thev naus laus zis thiab kev hloov pauv thoob ntiaj teb. Piv txwv li, Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm tau pom zoo rau "2016–2020 Hydropower Development Plan" thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2015, piav qhia txog kev tsim cuaj lub chaw nres tsheb hydropower tshiab. Thaum lub tswv yim "Uzbekistan-2030" nce qib, tsoomfwv yuav tsum tau qhia cov cai thiab kev cai lij choj ntxiv los nyiam kev nqis peev txawv teb chaws hauv hydropower thiab lwm yam kev lag luam hluav taws xob rov ua dua tshiab. Feem ntau ntawm Uzbekistan lub chaw nres tsheb hydropower tau tsim thaum lub sijhawm Soviet siv cov qauv Soviet. Txawm li cas los xij, lub tebchaws tab tom txais yuav cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb los txhim kho lub sector. Cov lus txiav txim siab tsis ntev los no ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm tau hu kom qhia txog cov qauv kev tsim kho thoob ntiaj teb, tsim cov sijhawm koom tes tshiab rau cov tuam txhab thoob ntiaj teb, suav nrog cov tuam txhab Suav, los pab txhawb lawv cov kev txawj ntse thiab tsim lawv cov thev naus laus zis hauv Uzbekistan.

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Los ntawm kev sib koom tes, Tuam Tshoj thiab Uzbekistan muaj peev xwm tseem ceeb rau kev koom tes hauv kev lag luam hydropower. Nrog rau Belt and Road Initiative nce qib, ob lub teb chaws tau pom zoo dav dav txog kev koom tes hauv lub zog. Kev pib ua tiav ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau Tuam Tshoj-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan ua rau lawv lub hauv paus rau kev koom tes hauv hydropower. Cov tuam txhab Suav muaj kev paub dhau los hauv kev tsim hydropower, kev tsim khoom siv, thiab kev tsim kho tshiab, nrog rau cov thev naus laus zis siab heev thiab cov peev xwm nyiaj txiag muaj zog. Lub caij no, Uzbekistan muaj cov peev txheej hydropower ntau, ib puag ncig txoj cai zoo, thiab kev thov ua lag luam loj, tsim cov xwm txheej zoo rau kev koom tes. Ob lub teb chaws tuaj yeem koom tes tob hauv ntau qhov chaw, suav nrog kev tsim kho hydropower, kev muab khoom siv, kev hloov pauv thev naus laus zis, thiab kev cob qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm, txhawb nqa kev sib pab thiab kev loj hlob sib koom.

Saib mus tom ntej, kev lag luam hydropower hauv Uzbekistan tau npaj rau yav tom ntej zoo. Nrog rau kev siv cov haujlwm tseem ceeb, lub peev xwm ntsia yuav txuas ntxiv nce ntxiv, ua kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau hluav taws xob hauv tsev thaum tseem tsim cov cib fim rau kev xa hluav taws xob thiab tsim cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam loj. Ntxiv mus, kev txhim kho ntawm hydropower sector yuav txhawb kev loj hlob thoob plaws hauv kev lag luam cuam tshuam, tsim cov haujlwm ua haujlwm, thiab tsav kev vam meej hauv cheeb tsam. Ua lub zog huv thiab rov ua dua tshiab, kev tsim kho hydropower loj yuav pab Uzbekistan txo nws txoj kev vam khom rau cov roj fossil, txo cov pa roj carbon dioxide, thiab pab txhawb rau kev siv zog txo kev hloov pauv huab cua thoob ntiaj teb.


Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Peb Hlis-12-2025

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