Hydropower muaj keeb kwm ntev ntawm kev txhim kho thiab ua tiav kev lag luam saw
Hydropower yog ib lub tshuab hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab uas siv lub zog kinetic ntawm dej los tsim hluav taws xob. Nws yog lub zog huv siv dav nrog ntau qhov zoo, xws li kev rov ua dua tshiab, tsis muaj emissions, stability thiab controllability. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ua haujlwm ntawm hydropower yog raws li lub tswv yim yooj yim: siv lub zog kinetic ntawm cov dej ntws los tsav lub turbine, uas tom qab ntawd tig lub tshuab hluav taws xob los tsim hluav taws xob. Cov kauj ruam ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob yog: kev hloov dej los ntawm ib lub reservoir los yog tus dej, uas yuav tsum tau muaj dej, feem ntau yog ib lub reservoir (cov khoom siv hluav taws xob) los yog ib tug dej ntuj, uas muab lub hwj chim; Kev taw qhia dej ntws, cov dej ntws yog coj mus rau cov hniav ntawm lub turbine los ntawm kev hloov pauv channel. Kev hloov pauv channel tuaj yeem tswj cov dej ntws ntws los kho lub zog tsim hluav taws xob; lub turbine khiav, thiab cov dej ntws hits cov hniav ntawm lub turbine kom nws tig. Lub turbine zoo ib yam li lub log cua hauv cua tshuab tsim; lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub turbine tig lub tshuab hluav taws xob, uas tsim hluav taws xob los ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm electromagnetic induction; kev xa hluav taws xob, cov hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob tau xa mus rau hauv daim phiaj hluav taws xob thiab xa mus rau cov nroog, kev lag luam thiab tsev neeg. Muaj ntau hom hydropower. Raws li cov qauv kev ua haujlwm sib txawv thiab cov txheej txheem kev thov, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov dej hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob, tsim hluav taws xob reservoir, tidal thiab dej hiav txwv fais fab, thiab me me hydropower. Hydropower muaj ntau yam zoo, tab sis kuj muaj qee qhov tsis zoo. Qhov zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb: hydropower yog lub zog tauj dua tshiab. Hydropower tso siab rau cov dej ntws, yog li nws tuaj yeem rov ua dua tshiab thiab yuav tsis tag; nws yog lub zog huv si. Hydropower tsis tsim cov pa roj carbon monoxide thiab cov pa phem, thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig; nws yog tswj tau. Hydropower chaw nres tsheb tuaj yeem hloov kho raws li qhov xav tau los muab kev ntseeg tau yooj yim load zog. Qhov tsis zoo tseem ceeb yog: cov dej num loj loj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov ecosystem, nrog rau cov teeb meem hauv zej zog xws li kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw nyob thiab av expropriation; hydropower yog txwv los ntawm kev muaj peev xwm ntawm cov dej, thiab kev qaug zog los yog dej ntws poob yuav cuam tshuam rau kev tsim hluav taws xob.
Hydropower, raws li daim ntawv txuas ntxiv ntawm lub zog, muaj keeb kwm ntev. Cov dej turbines thaum ntxov thiab lub log dej: Thaum ntxov li 2 xyoo pua BC, tib neeg pib siv cov dej turbines thiab cov log dej los tsav cov tshuab xws li zeb thiab sawmills. Cov tshuab no siv lub zog kinetic ntawm cov dej ntws los ua haujlwm. Kev tshwm sim ntawm lub zog tsim hluav taws xob: Nyob rau xyoo 19th lig, tib neeg tau pib siv cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob los hloov dej rau hauv hluav taws xob. Lub ntiaj teb thawj lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob ua lag luam tau tsim nyob rau hauv Wisconsin, Tebchaws Asmeskas xyoo 1882. Kev tsim cov dams thiab reservoirs: Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, qhov ntsuas ntawm hydropower nthuav dav nrog kev tsim cov dams thiab reservoirs. Cov dej num nto moo muaj xws li Hoover Dam hauv Tebchaws Meskas thiab Peb Lub Gorges Dam hauv Suav teb. Kev kawm txuj ci: Sij hawm dhau mus, kev siv tshuab hluav taws xob tau raug txhim kho tas li, suav nrog kev qhia txog turbines, turbine generators thiab ntse tswj systems, uas tau txhim kho cov efficiency thiab kev cia siab ntawm hydropower.
Hydropower yog lub zog huv thiab rov ua dua tshiab, thiab nws cov saw hlau muaj ntau qhov txuas, suav nrog los ntawm kev tswj hwm dej mus rau kev xa hluav taws xob. Thawj qhov txuas hauv kev lag luam hydropower yog kev tswj hwm dej. Qhov no suav nrog kev teem sijhawm, khaws cia thiab faib cov dej ntws kom ntseeg tau tias cov dej tuaj yeem ruaj khov rau cov turbines rau kev tsim hluav taws xob. Kev tswj xyuas cov peev txheej dej feem ntau yuav tsum tau saib xyuas qhov ntsuas xws li dej nag, dej ntws thiab qib dej txhawm rau txiav txim siab tsim nyog. Kev tswj hwm dej niaj hnub no tseem tsom mus rau kev ruaj khov kom ntseeg tau tias lub zog tsim hluav taws xob tuaj yeem tswj tau txawm tias nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej hnyav xws li dej qhuav. Dams thiab reservoirs yog cov chaw tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam hydropower. Cov dams feem ntau yog siv los nce qib dej, tsim cov dej siab, thiab yog li ua kom lub zog kinetic ntawm cov dej ntws. Reservoirs yog siv los khaws cov dej kom ntseeg tau tias cov dej txaus txaus tuaj yeem muab tau thaum lub sijhawm xav tau. Kev tsim thiab kev tsim cov dams yuav tsum xav txog geological tej yam kev mob, dej ntws yam ntxwv, thiab ecological cuam tshuam los xyuas kom meej kev ruaj ntseg thiab sustainability. Turbines yog cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam hydropower chain. Thaum cov dej ntws los ntawm cov hniav ntawm lub turbine, nws lub zog kinetic tau hloov mus rau hauv txhua yam zog, ua rau lub turbine tig. Cov qauv tsim thiab hom turbine tuaj yeem xaiv raws li qhov ceev, ntws tus nqi, thiab qhov siab ntawm cov dej ntws kom ua tiav lub zog siab tshaj plaws. Tom qab lub turbine tig, nws tsav lub tshuab hluav taws xob txuas los tsim hluav taws xob. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb uas hloov cov tshuab hluav taws xob rau hauv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Feem ntau, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob yog induce tam sim no los ntawm ib tug rotating magnetic teb los tsim alternating tam sim no. Tus tsim thiab lub peev xwm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab raws li qhov xav tau ntawm lub zog thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov dej ntws. Cov hluav taws xob uas tsim los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob yog hloov tam sim no, uas feem ntau yuav tsum tau ua tiav los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm substations suav nrog kev nce qib (nce voltage kom txo lub zog poob thaum lub zog xa hluav taws xob) thiab hloov pauv ntawm hom tam sim no (hloov AC rau DC lossis rov ua dua) kom ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm lub zog xa hluav taws xob. Qhov txuas kawg yog kev xa hluav taws xob. Lub zog hluav taws xob tsim los ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb fais fab kis mus rau cov neeg siv hluav taws xob hauv cov nroog, thaj chaw muaj kev lag luam lossis thaj chaw nyob deb nroog los ntawm cov kab sib kis. Cov kab sib kis yuav tsum tau npaj, tsim thiab tswj xyuas kom ntseeg tau tias lub zog xa mus rau qhov chaw nyab xeeb thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo. Hauv qee qhov chaw, lub zog kuj tseem yuav tsum tau ua dua los ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm qhov sib txawv voltages thiab zaus.
Kev nplua nuj hydropower peev thiab tsim kom muaj dej txaus
Tuam Tshoj yog lub ntiaj teb loj tshaj plaws hydropower tsim lub teb chaws nrog ntau cov kev pab cuam dej thiab loj-scale hydropower tej yaam num. Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam hydropower ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm lub zog hauv tsev, txo qis cov pa hluav taws xob hauv tsev, thiab txhim kho cov qauv hluav taws xob. Kev siv hluav taws xob hauv zej zog yog qhov qhia txog kev lag luam tseem ceeb uas qhia txog qib kev siv hluav taws xob hauv lub tebchaws lossis cheeb tsam thiab tseem ceeb heev rau kev ntsuas kev lag luam, kev siv hluav taws xob thiab kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tso tawm los ntawm National Energy Administration, kuv lub teb chaws cov kev siv hluav taws xob tag nrho tau qhia txog kev loj hlob ruaj khov. Thaum kawg ntawm 2022, kuv lub teb chaws tag nrho cov kev siv hluav taws xob yog 863.72 billion kWh, nce 324.4 billion kWh los ntawm 2021, ib xyoos ib zaug nce ntawm 3.9%.
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm los ntawm Tuam Tshoj Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob, kev siv hluav taws xob loj tshaj plaws hauv kuv lub teb chaws yog nyob rau hauv kev lag luam theem nrab, ua raws li kev lag luam tertiary. Thawj qhov kev lag luam siv hluav taws xob 114.6 billion kWh, nce 10.4% xyoo dhau los. Ntawm lawv, kev siv hluav taws xob ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb, kev nuv ntses, thiab kev ua liaj ua teb tsiaj tau nce 6.3%, 12.6%, thiab 16.3% feem. Kev txhawb nqa dav dav ntawm lub tswv yim kev txhawb nqa nyob deb nroog thiab kev txhim kho tseem ceeb ntawm cov hluav taws xob nyob deb nroog thiab kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob nyob rau xyoo tas los no tau ua rau muaj kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob hauv thawj kev lag luam. Kev lag luam theem nrab tau siv 5.70 trillion kWh ntawm hluav taws xob, nce 1.2% xyoo dhau los. Ntawm lawv, kev siv hluav taws xob txhua xyoo ntawm high-tech thiab cov cuab yeej tsim khoom lag luam tau nce 2.8%, thiab txhua xyoo kev siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom tsim khoom, kev tsim tshuaj, kev sib txuas lus hauv computer thiab lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob tsim kev lag luam tau nce ntau dua 5%; Kev siv hluav taws xob ntawm lub tsheb tshiab tsim hluav taws xob tau nce ntxiv los ntawm 71.1%. Kev siv hluav taws xob ntawm kev lag luam tertiary yog 1.49 trillion kWh, nce 4.4% xyoo dhau los. Plaub, kev siv hluav taws xob hauv nroog thiab cov neeg nyob deb nroog yog 1.34 trillion kWh, nce 13.8% xyoo dhau los.
Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam hydropower tau faib thoob plaws hauv lub tebchaws, suav nrog cov chaw nres tsheb loj loj, cov chaw siv dej me me thiab cov phiaj xwm faib dej. Cov dej num nto moo muaj xws li Peb Lub Gorges Lub Chaw Hluav Taws Xob, uas yog ib lub chaw nres tsheb loj tshaj plaws hauv Suav teb thiab hauv ntiaj teb, nyob hauv thaj tsam Peb Gorges nyob rau sab saud ntawm tus Dej Yangtze. Nws muaj peev xwm tsim hluav taws xob loj thiab muab hluav taws xob rau kev lag luam thiab cov nroog; Xiangjiaba Chaw nres tsheb fais fab, Xiangjiaba Chaw nres tsheb fais fab yog nyob hauv Sichuan Province thiab yog ib lub chaw nres tsheb loj tshaj plaws nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm Tuam Tshoj. Nws nyob ntawm Jinsha River thiab muab hluav taws xob rau thaj av; Sailimu Lake Power Station, Sailimu Lake Power Station yog nyob rau hauv Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Thaj Chaw thiab yog ib qho ntawm cov dej tseem ceeb nyob rau sab hnub poob Suav teb. Nws nyob ntawm Sailimu Lake thiab muaj lub zog tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm los ntawm National Bureau of Statistics, kuv lub teb chaws lub zog tsim hluav taws xob tau nce tsis tu ncua txhua xyoo. Txog rau thaum xaus ntawm 2022, kuv lub teb chaws lub hydropower tsim yog 1,352.195 billion kWh, nce 0.99% xyoo-rau-xyoo. Raws li lub yim hli ntuj 2023, kuv lub teb chaws lub hydropower tsim yog 718.74 billion kWh, ib tug me ntsis txo los ntawm tib lub sij hawm xyoo tas los, ib xyoo-rau-xyoo txo ntawm 0.16%. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog vim muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm huab cua, dej nag hauv 2023 poob qis heev.
Post lub sij hawm: Dec-19-2024
