Yuav ua li cas loj, nruab nrab, thiab me fais fab nroj tsuag faib? Raws li cov qauv tam sim no, cov uas muaj peev xwm nruab tau tsawg dua 25000 kW raug cais raws li qhov me me; Qhov nruab nrab loj nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 25000 txog 250000 kW; Cov nplai loj nrog lub peev xwm nruab ntau dua 250000 kW.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm hydroelectric zog tsim yog dab tsi?
Lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob yog siv lub zog hydraulic (nrog lub taub hau dej) los tsav kev sib hloov ntawm hydraulic machinery (dej turbine), hloov dej zog rau hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Yog tias lwm hom tshuab (lub tshuab hluav taws xob) txuas nrog cov dej turbine los tsim hluav taws xob thaum nws tig, ces lub tshuab hluav taws xob hloov mus rau hauv hluav taws xob. Kev tsim hluav taws xob hauv hluav taws xob, hauv kev nkag siab, yog txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov lub peev xwm ntawm dej mus rau hauv lub zog siv tshuab thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau hauv hluav taws xob.
Dab tsi yog txoj hauv kev txhim kho ntawm cov peev txheej hydraulic thiab cov hom pib ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb hydropower?
Txoj kev txhim kho ntawm cov peev txheej hydraulic raug xaiv raws li kev poob qis, thiab muaj kwv yees li peb txoj hauv kev: hom pas dej, hom kev hloov pauv, thiab hom sib xyaw. Tab sis peb txoj kev txhim kho no kuj yuav tsum tau siv rau qee yam xwm txheej ntawm cov dej ntws. Cov chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob ua tau raws li txoj kev txhim kho sib txawv muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hub layouts thiab lub tsev sib xyaw ua ke, yog li lawv kuj tau muab faib ua peb hom: hom pas dej, hom kev hloov pauv, thiab hom sib xyaw.
Dab tsi yog cov qauv siv los txheeb xyuas cov dej txuag dej thiab cov dej siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv ua liaj ua teb, kev lag luam, thiab cov vaj tsev nyob?
Kev faib tawm thiab tsim qauv rau kev txuag dej thiab kev siv dej hauv cov dej num uas tau muab los ntawm yav dhau los Ministry of Water Resources thiab Hluav Taws Xob, SDJ12-78, yuav tsum tau ua raws li nruj me ntsis, thiab kev faib yuav tsum yog raws li qhov loj ntawm qhov project (tag nrho cov ntim ntim, nruab qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb fais fab).
5. Dab tsi yog dej ntws, tag nrho cov dej ntws, thiab qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo?
Flow yog hais txog qhov ntim ntawm cov dej hla tus dej (los yog hydraulic qauv) nyob rau hauv ib chav tsev ntawm lub sij hawm, qhia nyob rau hauv cubic meters ib ob; Tag nrho cov dej ntws yog hais txog qhov suav ntawm tag nrho cov dej ntws los ntawm cov dej ntws hauv ib xyoo hydrological, qhia tias yog 104m3 lossis 108m3; Qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo ntws yog hais txog qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo ntws ntawm tus dej hla ntu xam raws li cov dej num uas twb muaj lawm.
6. Dab tsi yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov phiaj xwm me me ntawm cov dej hauv lub hub?
Nws feem ntau muaj plaub qhov tseem ceeb: cov dej tuav cov qauv (tsim dej), cov qauv dej ntws tawm (spillway lossis rooj vag), cov qauv kev hloov dej (dej xaim los yog cov qhov dej, suav nrog cov surge shafts), thiab cov tsev cog hluav taws xob (xws li cov kav dej tailwater thiab cov chaw nres tsheb).
7. Dab tsi yog qhov chaw nres tsheb dej ntws tawm? Nws cov yam ntxwv yog dab tsi?
Lub chaw nres tsheb fais fab uas tsis muaj lub chaw tswj xyuas dej yog hu ua qhov chaw nres tsheb dej ntws. Hom chaw nres tsheb hydropower no yog xaiv rau kev teeb tsa muaj peev xwm raws li qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo ntws ntawm tus dej thiab lub taub hau dej tau txais. Tsis muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm ntawm lub peev xwm thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo nrog tus nqi lav ntawm 80%, feem ntau, nws tsuas yog ncav cuag ib txwm ua haujlwm li ntawm 180 hnub; Thaum lub caij qhuav, lub zog tsim hluav taws xob txo qis qis dua 50%, qee zaum txawm tias tsis tuaj yeem tsim hluav taws xob. Nws yog txwv tsis pub los ntawm lub ntuj ntws ntawm tus dej, thiab muaj ntau cov dej tso tseg thaum lub caij dej nyab.
8. Cov zis yog dab tsi? Yuav ua li cas kwv yees qhov tso zis ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb hydropower thiab xam nws lub zog tsim hluav taws xob?
Hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, cov hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob tsim los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yog hu ua cov zis, thaum cov zis ntawm ib ntu ntawm cov dej ntws hauv tus dej sawv cev rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm ntu ntawd. Qhov tso zis ntawm cov dej ntws yog lub zog dej hauv ib lub sijhawm.
N = 9.81 QH
Hauv cov qauv, Q yog tus nqi ntws (m3 / S); H yog lub taub hau dej (m); N yog qhov tso zis ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb hydropower (W); Lub efficiency coefficient ntawm ib tug hydroelectric generator.
Cov qauv kwv yees rau cov zis ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb me me yog
N = (6.0～8.0)QH
Cov mis rau kev tsim hluav taws xob txhua xyoo yog
E = N · F
Hauv cov qauv, N yog qhov nruab nrab cov zis; T yog cov sij hawm siv txhua xyoo.
9. Dab tsi yog guaranteed tso zis? Nws lub hom phiaj yog dab tsi?
Qhov nruab nrab cov zis uas lub chaw nres tsheb hydropower tuaj yeem tsim tau thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev, sib raug rau tus nqi tsim qauv, yog hu ua cov khoom pov thawj ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb hydropower. Kev lees paub ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb hydropower yog ib qho tseem ceeb qhia, thiab nws yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab lub peev xwm ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb hydropower hauv kev npaj thiab tsim theem.
10. Lub sijhawm siv txhua xyoo ntawm lub peev xwm nruab yog dab tsi?
Qhov nruab nrab tag nrho lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tau teeb tsa hauv ib xyoos. Nws yog qhov taw qhia tseem ceeb rau kev ntsuas cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb hauv dej, thiab cov sij hawm siv txhua xyoo ntawm cov chaw siv dej me me yuav tsum ncav cuag ntau dua 3000 teev.
11. Cov kev cai niaj hnub, kev cai txhua lub lim tiam, kev cai txhua xyoo, thiab kev cai ntau xyoo yog dab tsi?
Cov kev cai niaj hnub hais txog kev rov faib cov dej ntws tawm hauv ib hnub thiab hmo ntuj, nrog rau kev tswj hwm lub voj voog ntawm 24 teev. Kev tswj hwm txhua lub lis piam: Lub voj voog kev tswj hwm yog ib lub lis piam (7 hnub). Kev tswj hwm txhua xyoo: Kev rov faib cov dej ntws tawm hauv ib xyoos. Thaum cov dej tso tseg thaum lub caij dej nyab, tsuas yog ib feem ntawm cov dej ntau dhau uas khaws cia thaum lub caij dej nyab tuaj yeem tswj tau, uas yog hu ua kev cai txhua xyoo tsis tiav (lossis raws caij nyoog); Txoj cai khiav dej num uas tuaj yeem xa rov qab xa dej tuaj hauv lub xyoo raws li kev siv dej tsis tas yuav tsum tau tso dej tawm yog hu ua kev cai txhua xyoo. Kev tswj hwm ntau xyoo: Thaum lub ntim ntim loj txaus, cov dej ntau dhau tuaj yeem khaws cia rau hauv lub reservoir tau ntau xyoo, thiab tom qab ntawd cov dej ntxiv tuaj yeem siv los ua kom tsis txaus. Txoj cai txhua xyoo, uas tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv ob peb lub xyoo qhuav, hu ua kev cai ntau xyoo.
12. Qhov poob thiab gradient ntawm tus dej yog dab tsi?
Qhov siab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw dej ntawm ob ntu ntu ntawm cov dej siv tau yog hu ua qhov poob; Qhov siab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw dej ntawm ob ntu ntu ntawm tus dej thiab qhov dej ntws yog hu ua tag nrho cov poob. Qhov poob rau ib chav tsev ntev yog hu ua txoj kab nqes.
13. Lub sijhawm nag lossis daus, nag lossis daus yog dab tsi, thaj chaw nag lossis daus, qhov chaw nag lossis daus yog dab tsi?
Kev nag lossis daus yog tag nrho cov dej uas ntog ntawm ib qho chaw lossis thaj chaw thaum lub sijhawm qee lub sijhawm, qhia hauv millimeters. Lub sijhawm nag lossis daus yog hais txog lub sijhawm nag lossis daus. Kev siv dej nag yog hais txog cov nag lossis daus hauv ib cheeb tsam, qhia hauv millimeters ib teev. Cov nag lossis daus yog hais txog thaj tsam kab rov tav los ntawm nag lossis daus, qhia hauv km2. Lub chaw nag los nag yog hais txog ib cheeb tsam me me uas muaj cua daj cua dub ntau.
14. Dab tsi yog tus qauv lav tus nqi rau cov chaw nres tsheb hydropower? Tus nqi lav txhua xyoo?
Tus qauv lav tus nqi ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb hydropower hais txog qhov feem pua ntawm cov sijhawm ua haujlwm ib txwm ua haujlwm ntau xyoo piv rau tag nrho cov sijhawm ua haujlwm; Tus nqi lav txhua xyoo yog hais txog feem pua ntawm cov xyoo ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob ib txwm ua haujlwm tshaj li tag nrho cov xyoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm.
Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev npaj phau ntawv ua haujlwm yog dab tsi?
Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev npaj ib phau ntawv tsim qauv rau cov chaw nres tsheb me me yog los txiav txim siab txog qhov kev tsim kho yooj yim thiab ua lub hauv paus rau kev npaj cov ntaub ntawv tsim ua ntej. Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem kev tsim kho yooj yim thiab tseem yog ib txoj hauv kev rau cov neeg muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li kev tswj hwm kev lag luam macroeconomic.
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm phau ntawv tsim ua haujlwm yog dab tsi?
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm phau ntawv tsim ua haujlwm suav nrog yim yam:
Nws yuav tsum suav nrog tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev npaj dej hiav txwv thiab daim ntawv qhia txog qhov ua tau. Nws yog raws li kev tsim qauv ua ntej, tsuas yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tob ntawm qhov teeb meem kev tshawb fawb.
Kev tshuaj xyuas thiab piav qhia txog engineering geological thiab hydrogeological tej yam kev mob ntawm thaj chaw tsim kho nyob rau hauv lub watershed, ib daim ntawv qhia sau ntawm 1/500000 (1/200000 los yog 1/100000) yuav ua tau, tsuas yog ib tug me me npaum li cas ntawm geological kev tshawb fawb ua hauj lwm. Qhia meej txog geological tej yam kev mob, muaj nyob rau hauv qhov tob ntawm bedrock, qhov tob ntawm tus dej cover txheej, thiab loj geological teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam tsim scheme.
Sau cov ntaub ntawv hydrological, txheeb xyuas thiab xam, thiab xaiv cov dej num tseem ceeb.
Kev ntsuas kev ua haujlwm. Sau 1/50000 thiab 1/10000 topographic maps ntawm lub tsev; 1/1000 txog 1/500 topographic daim ntawv qhia ntawm lub Hoobkas cheeb tsam ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho.
Ua cov hydrological thiab cov dej ntws tswj kev suav. Kev xaiv thiab suav ntawm ntau theem dej thiab taub hau; Luv luv – thiab lub sij hawm ntev hluav taws xob thiab lub zog tshuav nyiaj li cas; Kev xaiv ua ntej ntawm kev teeb tsa lub peev xwm, chav tsev qauv, thiab cov xaim hluav taws xob tseem ceeb.
Sib piv thiab xaiv hom hydraulic qauv thiab hub layouts, thiab ua hydraulic, qauv thiab stability suav, nrog rau engineering kom muaj nuj nqis.
Kev ntsuam xyuas kev lag luam, ua qauv qhia txog qhov tsim nyog thiab kev txheeb xyuas kev lag luam ntawm kev tsim kho engineering.
Kev ntsuam xyuas kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig, kev kwv yees kev lag luam engineering, thiab kev npaj ua haujlwm engineering ntawm qhov project.
17. Qhov kev nqis peev hauv engineering yog dab tsi? Engineering peev kwv yees thiab engineering forecast?
Kev kwv yees engineering yog ib daim ntawv qhia txog kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam uas npaj tag nrho cov nyiaj tsim kho uas xav tau rau ib qhov project hauv daim ntawv nyiaj txiag. Cov qauv tsim ua ntej kev kwv yees yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsim qauv ua ntej thiab lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev ntsuas kev lag luam rationality. Cov peev nyiaj tau pom zoo tag nrho yog lees paub los ntawm lub xeev raws li ib qho tseem ceeb qhia txog kev nqis peev hauv kev tsim kho, thiab tseem yog lub hauv paus rau kev npaj cov phiaj xwm kev tsim kho thiab kev sib tw tsim. Kev kwv yees kev nqis peev hauv engineering yog qhov peev txheej tau ua thaum lub sijhawm kawm ua tau. Cov peev nyiaj engineering yog cov peev txheej uas tau ua thaum lub sijhawm tsim kho.
Vim li cas peb thiaj li yuav tsum tau npaj lub koom haum kev tsim kho?
Kev tsim lub koom haum tsim qauv yog ib lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev npaj kev kwv yees engineering. Nws yog txoj haujlwm yooj yim tshaj plaws los xam cov nqi tsev raws li ntau yam xwm txheej xws li kev txiav txim siab kev tsim kho, kev thauj mus los nyob deb, thiab kev npaj tsim kho, thiab suav sau ib chav tsev engineering kwv yees lub rooj.
19. Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim lub koom haum tsim qauv yog dab tsi?
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim lub koom haum tsim yog tag nrho cov qauv tsim, kev tsim kho, kev tsim kho kev hloov pauv, kev cuam tshuam kev npaj, kev thauj mus los sab nraud, cov khoom siv hauv tsev, kev tsim kho thiab kev tsim kho, thiab lwm yam.
Muaj pes tsawg tus qauv tsim nyob rau hauv kev txuag dej tam sim no thiab cov dej siv hluav taws xob hauv kev tsim kho?
Raws li cov kev cai ntawm Ministry of Water Resources, yuav tsum muaj kev npaj dej; Qhov kev pom zoo; Kev kawm ua tau; Kev tsim ua ntej; Kev sib tw tsim; Rau theem nrog rau kev tsim duab kos duab.
21. Dab tsi yog qhov ntsuas kev lag luam tseem ceeb ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb hauv dej?
Unit kilowatt peev yog qhov peev uas yuav tsum tau ua ib kilowatt ntawm lub peev xwm nruab.
Chav tsev hluav taws xob peev yog hais txog kev nqis peev uas yuav tsum tau ua ib kilowatt teev hluav taws xob.
Tus nqi hluav taws xob yog tus nqi them ib kilowatt teev hluav taws xob.
Lub sijhawm siv txhua xyoo ntawm kev teeb tsa muaj peev xwm yog qhov ntsuas ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv hauv chaw nres tsheb hydropower.
Tus nqi hluav taws xob yog tus nqi ib kilowatt teev hluav taws xob muag rau hauv kab hluav taws xob.
Yuav ua li cas xam cov kev ntsuas tseem ceeb ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb hydropower?
Cov ntsuas kev lag luam tseem ceeb ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb hydropower yog suav nrog cov qauv hauv qab no:
Unit kilowatt peev = tag nrho cov peev hauv chaw nres tsheb hydropower tsim / tag nrho cov peev txheej ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb hydropower
Chav tsev hluav taws xob peev = tag nrho kev nqis peev hauv chaw nres tsheb hydropower tsim / nruab nrab txhua xyoo hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb dej
Kev siv ib xyoos ib zaug ntawm kev teeb tsa muaj peev xwm = nruab nrab txhua xyoo lub zog tsim hluav taws xob / tag nrho lub peev xwm nruab
Post lub sij hawm: Jun-24-2024
