Keeb kwm ntawm hydropower hauv Suav teb

Lub chaw nres tsheb fais fab thaum ub tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb tau tshwm sim hauv Fabkis xyoo 1878, qhov chaw uas lub chaw nres tsheb fais fab thawj zaug hauv ntiaj teb tau tsim.
Tus kws tsim khoom Edison kuj tau pab txhawb rau kev tsim cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob hydropower. Xyoo 1882, Edison tau tsim Abel Hydropower Station hauv Wisconsin, Tebchaws Meskas.
Thaum pib, lub peev xwm ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob hydropower uas tau tsim tsa yog me heev. Xyoo 1889, lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob hydropower loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb yog nyob rau hauv Nyiv Pooj, tab sis nws lub peev xwm teeb tsa tsuas yog 48 kW. Txawm li cas los xij, lub peev xwm teeb tsa ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob hydropower tau dhau los ua kev txhim kho tseem ceeb. Xyoo 1892, lub peev xwm ntawm Niagara Hydropower Station hauv Tebchaws Meskas yog 44000 kW. Los ntawm xyoo 1895, lub peev xwm teeb tsa ntawm Niagara Hydropower Station tau mus txog 147000 kW.

Tom qab nkag mus rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, hydropower hauv cov teb chaws loj uas tau tsim kho tau ua tiav kev loj hlob sai. Los ntawm xyoo 2021, lub peev xwm thoob ntiaj teb ntawm hydropower yuav ncav cuag 1360GW.
Keeb kwm ntawm kev siv lub zog dej hauv Suav teb tuaj yeem taug qab mus rau ntau tshaj 2000 xyoo dhau los, siv dej los tsav cov log dej, cov tshuab dej, thiab cov tshuab dej rau kev tsim khoom thiab lub neej.
Lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob hydropower thaum ub tshaj plaws hauv Suav teb tau tsim tsa xyoo 1904. Nws yog Guishan Hydropower Station uas cov neeg Nyiv Pooj tau tsim tsa hauv Taiwan, Suav teb.
Lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob hydropower thawj zaug uas tau tsim hauv Suav teb Mainland yog Shilongba Hydropower Station hauv Kunming, uas tau pib thaum Lub Yim Hli 1910 thiab tsim hluav taws xob thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 1912, nrog rau tag nrho lub peev xwm ntsia tau ntawm 489kW.
Nyob rau hauv nees nkaum xyoo tom ntej no lossis li ntawd, vim yog qhov tsis ruaj khov ntawm qhov xwm txheej hauv tebchaws, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev tsim kho hydropower tsis tau ua tiav zoo, thiab tsuas yog ob peb lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob me me xwb, feem ntau suav nrog Dongwo Hydropower Station hauv Luxian County, Sichuan, Duodi Hydropower Station hauv Tibet, thiab Xiadao, Shunchang, thiab Longxi Hydropower Stations hauv Fujian.
Lub sijhawm tau los txog thaum Tsov Rog Nyiv Pooj, thaum cov peev txheej hauv tsev feem ntau yog siv los tiv thaiv kev ua phem, thiab tsuas yog cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob me me tau tsim nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub poob, xws li Taohuaxi Hydropower Station hauv Sichuan thiab Nanqiao Hydropower Station hauv Yunnan; Hauv thaj chaw Nyiv Pooj nyob, Nyiv Pooj tau tsim ntau lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob loj, feem ntau yog Fengman Hydropower Station ntawm Songhua River hauv sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj Suav teb.
Ua ntej lub teb chaws Suav tau tsim tsa, lub peev xwm ntawm hydropower hauv Suav teb Mainland tau txog 900000 kW. Txawm li cas los xij, vim yog kev poob los ntawm kev ua tsov rog, thaum lub teb chaws Suav tau tsim tsa, lub peev xwm ntawm hydropower hauv Suav teb Mainland tsuas yog 363300 kW xwb.
Tom qab tsim lub Tuam Tshoj Tshiab, hydropower tau txais kev saib xyuas thiab kev txhim kho tsis tau muaj dua li. Ua ntej, ntau qhov project hydropower uas tseem tshuav los ntawm xyoo ua tsov rog tau kho thiab rov tsim dua; Thaum kawg ntawm thawj tsib xyoos txoj kev npaj, Tuam Tshoj tau tsim thiab rov tsim dua 19 lub chaw nres tsheb hydropower, thiab pib tsim thiab tsim cov project hydropower loj ntawm nws tus kheej. Lub Zhejiang Xin'anjiang Hydropower Station nrog lub peev xwm ntsia tau ntawm 662500 kilowatts tau tsim thaum lub sijhawm no, thiab nws tseem yog thawj lub chaw nres tsheb hydropower loj uas tsim, tsim, thiab tsim los ntawm Tuam Tshoj nws tus kheej.
Thaum lub sijhawm "Great Leap Forward", Tuam Tshoj cov phiaj xwm hydropower tshiab tau txog 11.862 lab kW. Qee qhov project tsis tau ua pov thawj tag nrho, ua rau qee qhov project raug yuam kom tsum tsis txhob tsim kho tom qab lawv pib. Hauv peb xyoos tom ntej ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntuj tsim, ntau qhov project tau raug ncua lossis ncua. Hauv ntej, txij li xyoo 1958 txog 1965, kev tsim kho hydropower hauv Suav teb tau nyuaj heev. Txawm li cas los xij, 31 lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob hydropower, suav nrog Xin'anjiang hauv Zhejiang, Xinfengjiang hauv Guangdong, thiab Xijin hauv Guangxi, kuj tau muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm rau kev tsim hluav taws xob. Zuag qhia tag nrho, Tuam Tshoj kev lag luam hydropower tau ua tiav qee qib ntawm kev txhim kho.
Lub sijhawm tau los txog rau lub sijhawm "Kev Hloov Pauv Kab Lis Kev Cai". Txawm hais tias kev tsim kho hydropower tau raug kev cuam tshuam thiab kev puas tsuaj loj dua, qhov kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim kho kab thib peb kuj tau muab lub sijhawm tsis tshua muaj rau kev tsim kho hydropower hauv sab hnub poob Suav teb. Thaum lub sijhawm no, 40 lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob hydropower, suav nrog Liujiaxia hauv xeev Gansu thiab Gongzui hauv xeev Sichuan, tau muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm rau kev tsim hluav taws xob. Lub peev xwm teeb tsa ntawm Liujiaxia Hydropower Station tau mus txog 1.225 lab kW, ua rau nws yog thawj lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob hydropower hauv Suav teb nrog lub peev xwm teeb tsa ntau dua ib lab kW. Thaum lub sijhawm no, Tuam Tshoj thawj lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob cia twj tso kua mis, Gangnan, Hebei, kuj tau tsim. Tib lub sijhawm, 53 qhov project hydropower loj thiab nruab nrab tau pib lossis rov pib dua thaum lub sijhawm no. Xyoo 1970, Gezhouba Project nrog lub peev xwm teeb tsa ntawm 2.715 lab kW tau pib, cim qhov pib ntawm kev tsim kho cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob hydropower ntawm tus dej loj ntawm Yangtze River.
Tom qab qhov kawg ntawm "Kev Hloov Pauv Kab Lis Kev Cai", tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tom qab Lub Rooj Sib Tham Plenary Thib Peb ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Nruab Nrab 11th, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam hydropower tau rov qab mus rau theem ntawm kev txhim kho sai. Ntau qhov project hydropower xws li Gezhouba, Wujiangdu, thiab Baishan tau nrawm dua, thiab Longyangxia Hydropower Station nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 320000 kW tau pib tsim kho. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab qhib, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev tsim kho hydropower kuj tau hloov pauv tas li thiab tsim kho tshiab, qhia txog lub zog loj heev. Thaum lub sijhawm no, cov chaw nres tsheb fais fab pumped kuj tau ua tiav kev txhim kho tseem ceeb, nrog rau thawj theem ntawm kev pumping thiab cia khoom hauv Panjiakou, Hebei, thiab Guangzhou pib; Hydropower me me kuj tseem tab tom tsim kho, nrog rau kev siv thawj pawg ntawm 300 lub nroog hluav taws xob hydropower hauv nroog; Hais txog kev tsim hluav taws xob loj, kev tsim kho ntau lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob loj, xws li Tianshengqiao Class II nrog lub peev xwm teeb tsa ntawm 1.32 lab kW, Guangxi Yantan nrog lub peev xwm teeb tsa ntawm 1.21 lab kW, Yunnan Manwan nrog lub peev xwm teeb tsa ntawm 1.5 lab kW, thiab Lijiaxia Hydropower Station nrog lub peev xwm teeb tsa ntawm 2 lab kW, tau pib ua tiav. Tib lub sijhawm, cov kws tshaj lij hauv tsev tau teeb tsa los qhia txog 14 lub ncauj lus ntawm Three Gorges Hydropower Station, thiab kev tsim kho ntawm Three Gorges Project tau muab tso rau hauv cov txheej txheem.
Nyob rau kaum xyoo dhau los ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev tsim kho hydropower tau tsim kho sai heev. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1991, kev tsim kho ntawm Ertan Hydropower Station hauv Panzhihua, Sichuan, tau pib. Tom qab ntau qhov kev sib cav thiab kev npaj, thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1994, qhov project High-profile Three Gorges Hydropower Station Project tau pib ua haujlwm. Hauv cov chaw nres tsheb fais fab, Beijing's Ming Tombs (800000kW), Zhejiang's Tianhuangping (1800000kW), thiab Guangzhou's pumped storage phase II (12000000kW) kuj tau pib ua tiav; Hauv cov hydropower me me, kev tsim kho ntawm pawg thib ob thiab thib peb ntawm hydropower nyob deb nroog electrification counties tau raug siv. Hauv kaum xyoo dhau los, lub peev xwm ntsia ntawm hydropower hauv Suav teb tau nce 38.39 lab kW.
Nyob rau thawj kaum xyoo ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st, muaj 35 lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob loj uas tab tom tsim, nrog rau tag nrho cov peev xwm teeb tsa ntawm kwv yees li 70 lab kW, suav nrog ntau lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob loj xws li Three Gorges Project's 22.4 lab kW thiab Xiluodu's 12.6 lab kW. Thaum lub sijhawm no, qhov nruab nrab ntawm ntau dua 10 lab kW tau muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm txhua xyoo. Xyoo keeb kwm tshaj plaws yog xyoo 2008, thaum chav kawg ntawm Three Gorges Project lub chaw hluav taws xob sab xis tau txuas nrog lub grid rau kev tsim hluav taws xob, thiab tag nrho 26 chav ntawm Three Gorges Project lub chaw hluav taws xob sab laug thiab sab xis tau muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm.
Txij li thaum xyoo caum thib ob ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st, cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob loj ntawm tus dej loj ntawm Jinsha River tau tsim kho tas li thiab txuas ntxiv muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm rau kev tsim hluav taws xob. Chaw Tsim Hluav Taws Xob Xiluodu nrog lub peev xwm teeb tsa ntawm 12.6 lab kW, Xiangjiaba nrog lub peev xwm teeb tsa ntawm 6.4 lab kW, Chaw Tsim Hluav Taws Xob Baihetan nrog lub peev xwm teeb tsa ntawm 12 lab yuan, Chaw Tsim Hluav Taws Xob Wudongde nrog lub peev xwm teeb tsa ntawm 10.2 lab yuan, thiab lwm qhov chaw tsim hluav taws xob loj tau muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm rau kev tsim hluav taws xob. Ntawm lawv, ib chav tsev teeb tsa muaj peev xwm ntawm Chaw Tsim Hluav Taws Xob Baihetan tau mus txog 1 lab kW, Mus txog qib siab tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Raws li rau cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob pumped cia, txij li xyoo 2022, tsuas muaj 70 lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob pumped cia uas tab tom tsim kho hauv thaj chaw ua haujlwm ntawm Lub Xeev Grid ntawm Tuam Tshoj, nrog lub peev xwm teeb tsa ntawm 85.24 lab kilowatts, uas yog 3.2 npaug thiab 4.1 npaug ntawm xyoo 2012, feem. Ntawm lawv, Hebei Fengning Pumped Storage Power Station yog lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, nrog rau tag nrho cov peev xwm teeb tsa ntawm 3.6 lab kilowatts.
Nrog rau kev txhawb nqa tas mus li ntawm lub hom phiaj "ob lub carbon" thiab kev txhawb nqa kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig tas mus li, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev tsim kho hydropower kuj tab tom ntsib qee qhov xwm txheej tshiab. Ua ntej, cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob me me nyob hauv thaj chaw tiv thaiv yuav txuas ntxiv mus rho tawm thiab kaw, thiab qhov thib ob, qhov sib piv ntawm lub zog hnub ci thiab cua hauv lub peev xwm tshiab yuav txuas ntxiv mus ntxiv, thiab qhov sib piv ntawm hydropower yuav txo qis; Thaum kawg, peb yuav tsom mus rau kev tsim cov haujlwm hydropower loj, thiab kev tshawb fawb thiab kev xav ntawm cov haujlwm tsim kho yuav txuas ntxiv mus ntxiv.