Keeb kwm ntawm hydropower hauv Suav teb

Qhov chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob ntxov tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb tau tshwm sim hauv Fab Kis xyoo 1878, qhov chaw tsim hluav taws xob hauv ntiaj teb thawj zaug.
Tus neeg tsim khoom Edison kuj tau pab txhawb rau kev txhim kho cov chaw nres tsheb dej. Xyoo 1882, Edison tau tsim lub chaw nres tsheb Abel Hydropower hauv Wisconsin, Tebchaws Asmeskas.
Thaum pib, lub peev xwm ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb hydropower tsim muaj tsawg heev. Xyoo 1889, lub ntiaj teb qhov chaw nres tsheb loj tshaj plaws nyob hauv Nyij Pooj, tab sis nws lub peev xwm nruab tau tsuas yog 48 kW. Txawm li cas los xij, lub peev xwm txhim kho ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb hydropower tau dhau los txhim kho tseem ceeb. Xyoo 1892, lub peev xwm ntawm Niagara Hydropower Station hauv Tebchaws Meskas yog 44000 kW. Los ntawm 1895, lub peev xwm nruab ntawm Niagara Hydropower Station tau mus txog 147000 kW.

Tom qab nkag mus rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, hydropower hauv cov teb chaws tsim loj tau ua tiav kev loj hlob sai. Los ntawm 2021, lub ntiaj teb no ntsia muaj peev xwm ntawm hydropower yuav ncav cuag 1360GW.
Keeb kwm ntawm kev siv dej fais fab hauv Suav teb tuaj yeem taug qab mus rau ntau tshaj 2000 xyoo dhau los, siv dej los tsav lub log dej, dej zeb, thiab cov dej zeb rau kev tsim khoom thiab lub neej.
Qhov chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob ntxov tshaj plaws hauv Suav teb tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1904. Nws yog Guishan Hydropower Station tsim los ntawm cov neeg Nyij Pooj invaders hauv Taiwan, Tuam Tshoj.
Thawj qhov chaw nres tsheb hydropower tsim nyob rau hauv Suav teb Mainland yog Shilongba Hydropower chaw nres tsheb nyob rau hauv Kunming, uas yog pib nyob rau hauv Lub yim hli ntuj 1910 thiab generated zog nyob rau hauv lub Tsib Hlis 1912, nrog rau tag nrho cov ntsia muaj peev xwm ntawm 489kW.
Nyob rau hauv nees nkaum xyoo tom ntej los yog li ntawd, vim tsis muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub domestic teeb meem, Tuam Tshoj lub hydropower kev loj hlob tsis muaj kev vam meej, thiab tsuas yog ib tug ob peb me me-scale hydropower chaw nres tsheb, feem ntau suav nrog lub Dongwo Hydropower chaw nres tsheb nyob rau hauv Luxian County, Sichuan, lub Duodi Hydropower chaw nres tsheb nyob rau hauv Tibet, thiab lub Xiadao, Shunchang, thiab Longxi Hydropower chaw nres tsheb nyob rau hauv Fujian.
Lub sijhawm tuaj txog thaum Tsov Rog Nyij Pooj, thaum cov peev txheej hauv tsev tau siv los tiv thaiv kev ua phem, thiab tsuas yog lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob me me tau tsim nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub poob, xws li Taohuaxi Hydropower Station hauv Sichuan thiab Nanqiao Hydropower Chaw nres tsheb hauv Yunnan; Hauv thaj chaw uas nyob hauv Nyij Pooj, Nyiv tau tsim ntau qhov chaw nres tsheb loj loj, feem ntau yog Fengman Hydropower Chaw nres tsheb ntawm tus dej Songhua nyob rau sab qaum teb Suav.
Ua ntej kev tsim ntawm Cov Neeg Tuam Txhab Tuam Txhab Tuam Tshoj, lub peev xwm ntawm cov dej hauv Suav teb tau nce mus txog 900000 kW. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, thaum Lub Tuam Txhab Tuam Txhab Tuam Txhab Suav tau tsim, lub peev xwm ntawm cov dej hauv Suav teb tsuas yog 363300 kW.
Tom qab kev tsim ntawm Tuam Tshoj Tshiab, hydropower tau txais kev saib xyuas thiab kev loj hlob tsis tau pom dua. Ua ntej, ob peb qhov dej num tseem tshuav los ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog xyoo tau raug kho thiab rov tsim dua tshiab; Thaum kawg ntawm thawj tsib xyoos txoj kev npaj, Tuam Tshoj tau tsim thiab rov tsim dua 19 qhov chaw nres tsheb hauv dej, thiab pib tsim thiab tsim cov phiaj xwm loj loj ntawm nws tus kheej. Zhejiang Xin'anjiang Hydropower Station nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 662500 kilowatts tau tsim nyob rau lub sijhawm no, thiab nws tseem yog thawj qhov chaw nres tsheb loj loj tsim, tsim, thiab tsim los ntawm Tuam Tshoj nws tus kheej.
Thaum lub sij hawm "Great Leap Forward", Tuam Tshoj txoj kev tsim hluav taws xob tshiab tau pib txog 11.862 lab kW. Qee qhov haujlwm tsis tau ua kom pom tseeb, ua rau qee qhov haujlwm raug yuam kom nres kev tsim kho tom qab lawv pib. Hauv peb xyoos tom ntej no ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntuj tsim, ntau qhov haujlwm tau raug ncua lossis ncua sijhawm. Nyob rau hauv luv luv, los ntawm 1958 mus rau 1965, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm hydropower nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj yog heev bumpy. Txawm li cas los xij, 31 chaw nres tsheb hauv dej, suav nrog Xin'anjiang hauv Zhejiang, Xinfengjiang hauv Guangdong, thiab Xijin hauv Guangxi, kuj tau muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm rau kev tsim hluav taws xob. Zuag qhia tag nrho, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam hydropower tau ua tiav qee qhov kev txhim kho.
Lub sijhawm tau los rau lub sijhawm "Cultural Revolution". Txawm hais tias kev tsim kho hluav taws xob tau rov qab muaj kev cuam tshuam loj thiab kev puas tsuaj, kev txiav txim siab ntawm txoj kab thib peb kuj tau muab lub sijhawm tsis tshua muaj rau kev tsim hluav taws xob hauv Suav teb sab hnub poob. Lub sijhawm no, 40 lub chaw nres tsheb hauv dej, suav nrog Liujiaxia hauv xeev Gansu thiab Gongzui hauv xeev Sichuan, tau muab tso ua haujlwm rau kev tsim hluav taws xob. Lub peev xwm nruab ntawm Liujiaxia Hydropower Station tau mus txog 1.225 lab kW, ua rau nws yog thawj qhov chaw nres tsheb hauv Suav teb nrog lub peev xwm ntawm ntau tshaj ib lab kW. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, Tuam Tshoj thawj qhov chaw nres tsheb fais fab, Gangnan, Hebei, kuj tau tsim. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, 53 qhov project loj thiab nruab nrab hydropower tau pib lossis rov pib dua lub sijhawm no. Xyoo 1970, Gezhouba Project nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 2.715 lab kW tau pib, kos npe rau qhov pib ntawm kev tsim cov chaw nres tsheb hydropower ntawm tus dej loj ntawm Yangtze River.
Tom qab qhov kawg ntawm "Cultural Revolution", tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tom qab lub Rooj Sib Tham Thib Peb Plenary ntawm 11th Central Committee, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam hydropower tau rov qab mus rau theem ntawm kev loj hlob sai. Ib tug xov tooj ntawm hydropower tej yaam num xws li Gezhouba, Wujiangdu, thiab Baishan tau ceev, thiab lub Longyangxia Hydropower chaw nres tsheb nrog ib chav tsev muaj peev xwm ntawm 320000 kW tau officially pib tsim. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav cua ntawm kev hloov kho thiab qhib, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob kuj tau hloov pauv tas li thiab tsim kho tshiab, uas qhia tau tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, cov chaw nres tsheb fais fab tau txais txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb, nrog rau thawj theem ntawm kev siv thiab cia hauv Panjiakou, Hebei, thiab Guangzhou pib; Me me hydropower tseem tab tom tsim, nrog rau kev siv thawj pawg ntawm 300 hydropower nyob rau hauv lub nroog hluav taws xob nyob deb nroog; Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm loj-scale hydropower, kev tsim kho ntawm ob peb loj-scale hydropower chaw nres tsheb, xws li Tianshengqiao Class II nrog ib tug ntsia muaj peev xwm ntawm 1.32 lab kW, Guangxi Yantan nrog ib tug ntsia muaj peev xwm ntawm 1.21 lab kW, Yunnan Manwan nrog ib tug nruab muaj peev xwm ntawm 1.5 lab kW, thiab Lijiaxia Hydropower chaw nres tsheb 2 lab muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo, muaj peev xwm ua tiav ntawm 2 lab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov kws tshaj lij hauv tsev tau raug teeb tsa los ua kom pom 14 lub ntsiab lus ntawm Peb Gorges Hydropower Station, thiab kev tsim kho ntawm Peb Gorges Project tau muab tso rau hauv cov txheej txheem.
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo caum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev tsim kho hydropower tau tsim sai heev. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1991, kev tsim kho ntawm Ertan Hydropower Station hauv Panzhihua, Sichuan, tau pib. Tom qab ntau qhov kev sib cav thiab kev npaj, nyob rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1994, lub high-profile Three Gorges Hydropower Station Project tau pib. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm pumped cia fais fab chaw nres tsheb, Beijing's Ming Tombs (800000kW), Zhejiang's Tianhuangping (1800000kW), thiab Guangzhou lub pumped cia theem II (12000000kW) kuj tau pib ua tiav; Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm me me hydropower, kev tsim kho ntawm ob thiab thib peb batch ntawm hydropower nyob deb nroog electrification counties tau siv. Nyob rau hauv kaum xyoo dhau los, lub peev xwm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv Suav teb tau nce los ntawm 38.39 lab kW.
Nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo caum ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st, muaj 35 loj hydropower chaw nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho, nrog ib tug tag nrho ntsia peev xwm ntawm 70 lab kW, nrog rau ntau super loj hydropower chaw nres tsheb xws li peb Gorges Project 22.4 lab kW thiab Xiluodu lub 12.6 lab kW. Lub sijhawm no, qhov nruab nrab ntawm ntau tshaj 10 lab kW tau muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm txhua xyoo. Lub xyoo keeb kwm tshaj plaws yog 2008, thaum kawg chav tsev ntawm Three Gorges Project txoj cai lub tsev txhab nyiaj fais fab chaw nres tsheb tau raug txuas mus rau daim phiaj rau kev tsim hluav taws xob, thiab tag nrho 26 units ntawm Three Gorges Project qhov pib tsim sab laug thiab sab xis lub tsev txhab nyiaj tau muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm.
Txij li thaum xyoo pua thib ob ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st, cov chaw nres tsheb loj loj ntawm cov dej ntws loj ntawm Jinsha River tau ua tiav thiab txuas ntxiv mus ua haujlwm rau kev tsim hluav taws xob. Lub chaw nres tsheb Xiluodu Hydropower nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 12.6 lab kW, Xiangjiaba nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 6.4 lab kW, Baihetan Hydropower chaw nres tsheb nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 12 lab yuan, Wudongde Hydropower chaw nres tsheb nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 10.2 lab yuan, thiab lwm qhov chaw nres tsheb loj loj tau muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm rau lub zog tsim hluav taws xob. Ntawm lawv, ib chav tsev teeb tsa muaj peev xwm ntawm Baihetan Hydropower Station tau mus txog 1 lab kW, ncav cuag qib siab tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Raws li rau cov chaw nres tsheb fais fab, raws li xyoo 2022, tsuas muaj 70 lub chaw tso hluav taws xob tso hluav taws xob nyob hauv kev tsim kho hauv thaj chaw ua haujlwm ntawm Lub Xeev Grid ntawm Tuam Tshoj, nrog rau lub peev xwm ntawm 85.24 lab kilowatts, uas yog 3.2 npaug thiab 4.1 npaug ntawm xyoo 2012, raws li. Ntawm lawv, Hebei Fengning Pumped Storage Power Chaw nres tsheb yog lub ntiaj teb loj tshaj plaws nruab qhov chaw nres tsheb fais fab, nrog rau tag nrho cov peev txheej ntawm 3.6 lab kilowatts.
Nrog rau kev txhawb nqa tas mus li ntawm "dual carbon" lub hom phiaj thiab kev ua kom muaj zog ntxiv ntawm kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev txhim kho hydropower tseem tab tom ntsib qee qhov xwm txheej tshiab. Ua ntej, cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob me me nyob hauv thaj chaw tiv thaiv yuav txuas ntxiv thim thiab kaw, thiab qhov thib ob, qhov feem pua ​​​​ntawm hnub ci thiab cua zog hauv lub peev xwm tshiab yuav nce ntxiv, thiab qhov feem pua ​​​​ntawm hydropower yuav txo qis; Thaum kawg, peb yuav tsom mus rau kev tsim cov dej loj loj, thiab kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim nyog ntawm kev tsim kho yuav nce ntxiv.